RFPII
RFPII
VOLUME – II
Regional Office
National Highways Authority of India
(Ministry of Road, Transport & Highways)
Coworking studio, 4th Floor, D-13, Industrial Area near Rajiv
Nagar under pass at Atal Path Patliputra Patna- 800013
VOLUME - II
SECTION: VIII
BILL OF QUANTITIES
APPENDIX-I
The Appendix forms part of Bid. Bidders are required to fill up all the blanks in the form of Bid
and Appendix thereto)
To
Dear Sir,
Having examined the site of works and Bid Documents, comprising Instructions to
Bidders, Scope of works, Conditions of Contract, Technical Specifications, Bill of
Quantities and schedules for the execution of the above named works, we, the
undersigned offer to execute and complete such works and remedy any defects
therein in conformity with the said bid documents for the sum of Rs.
(Rupees ) or such other sum as
may be ascertained in accordance with the said Bid documents.
2. We undertake, if our Bid is accepted, to commence the work within five (5) days of
receipt of the order to commence, and to complete and deliver the sections and
whole of the works comprised in the Contract within the period stated in the
bid hereto.
3. If our Bid is accepted, we will furnish Performance Security (ies) in the form of a Bank
Guarantee to be jointly and severally bound on us, in accordance with the Conditions
of Contract.
4. We agree to abide by this Bid for the period of One Hundred & Twenty (120) days
from the last date fixed for Bid Submission and it shall remain binding upon us and
may be accepted at any time before the expiry of that period.
5. We confirm our agreement to treat the Bid documents and other records connected
with the works as secret and confidential documents and shall not communicate
information contained therein to any person other than the person authorised by the
Employer or use such information in any manner prejudicial to the safety and integrity
of the works.
6. Unless and until an agreement is prepared and executed, this Bid, together with your
written acceptance thereof, shall constitute a binding Contract between us, but
without prejudice to your right to withdraw such acceptance without assigning any
reasons thereof.
7. We understand that you are not bound to accept the lowest or any bid you may
receive.
Address :
Signature of Witness
Name of witness
Address of witness
9.00 Preamble
9:01 The bill of quantities shall be read in conjunction with the instruction to Bidders Conditions of Contract
Scope of Work and Specifications.
9.02 The quantities given in the Bill of quantities are estimated quantities. The basis of payment will be actual
quantities of work indented and carried out and valued at the rates and prices tendered in the priced Bills of
quantities where applicable and otherwise at such rates and prices as the Engineer may fix within the terms of
Contract.
9.03 The rates and prices tendered in the priced Bit of Quantities shall include all equipment plant tools spares
labour supervision overheads, consumables, materials, erection maintenance, testing of input material delivered,
profit taxes and duties together with all general risk, liabilities and obligations set out and implied in the Contract
and other incidentals to comply with the requirements of technical specifications and scope of work.
904 The rates and prices shall be quoted entirely in Indian Currency.
905 A rate or price shall be entered as a single rate as Tender Premium above/ below on the amount in General
Abstract
906 The whole cost of complying with the provisions of the contract shall be included in the items provided as
the priced Bill of Quantities and where no rates are provided the cost shall be deemed to be distributed among the
rates and prices entered for the related items of work.
9.07 The contractor shall keep the entire carriageway neat and clean throughout the contract period. The
contractor shall maintain guard rails railings, crash barriers, road furniture etc. in good condition by cleaning them
frequently as advised/required using suitable detergents/chemicals.
o The staff of the contractor shall wear safety jackets shoes helmets etc while on duty and any violation
will attract a fine of Rs 5,000/- for each incident.
o Failure to erect safety signage or trying to carry out the works without proper precautions/safety
measures as required will attract a fine of Rs 5.000/- for each incident.
9.08 The Tendered rate for incident Management shall include all equipment, labour, material, consumable tools
spares and other incidentals to comply with the requirement of the scope of the work and technical specifications.
9.09 General directions and descriptions of work and materials are not necessarily repeated or summarized in the
Bill of Quantities. Reference to the relevant sections of the bidding document shall be made before entering rates or
prices against each item in the Bill of Quantities.
DESCRIPTION OF WORK:-
ABSTRACT OF COST
Routine Maintenance and Incident Management of Purnea – Dalkhola Section of NH-27 from Km 410.700 to Km 447.000 in the State of Bihar
NIT No. 283/RO-PATNA/NHAI/2025-26
Bill No :
Side Slope & Earthen Shoulder Work, & Median Work
1
Side Slope & Shoulder Embankment : Construction of Embankment (Side Slope &
Shoulder ) with Material obtained from Borrow pits. Construction of Embankment
2 with approved material obtained from Borrow pits with approved material obtained Cum 224.00
22,358.18 5,008,231.20
from borrow pits with all lifts and leads, transporting to site, spreading, grading to
required slope and compacting to meet requirement of Table 300-2.
Construction of Granular shoulders including all leads and lifts complete as per
4 Cum 3,100.60
drawing and Technical Specifications Clause 407. 1,089.90 3,379,343.94
Providing and laying pitching on slopes Laid over prepared filter media including
5 Cum 3376.40
boulder apron laid dry in front of toe as per drawing and technical specifications. 2,876.48 9,712,139.80
Turfing with Sods : Furnishing and laying of the live sods of perennial turf forming
grass on embankment slope, verges or other locations shown on the drawing or as
6 - Sqm 150.5
directed by the engineer including preparation of ground, fetching of sods and -
watering.
Construction of chute drain for proper drainage to the connecting Energy dissipating
chamber. The construction shall be as per as per cross-section of chute drain. Cost
7 Rm 2378
to include RCC drain in M-15, filter material and earth work for settled base of chute. 479.41 1,140,044.05
.
Total Bill No : 1
19,293,324.76
Bill No :
Drain Work
2
Clearing road side/Median open lined/pucca drains to bring them to original shape,
drainage capacity including disposal of sediments, extraneous debris and vegetation
1 Rm 13.49
growth blocking the free flow from site outside ROW with all leads and lifts complete 12,150.00 163,903.50
in all respects as directed by the Engineer-in- Charge and as per Maintenance
Standards Clause no. 3.1 (Frequency of cleaning in urban areas will be quarterly
whereas in rural areas it will be twice in a year i.e. before and after monsoon).
Total Bill No 2
2,729,386.24
Bill No :
Crash Barrier and Guard Rail
3
Repair of damaged single faced W-Beam metal crash barrier made out of members.
Job includes repair of old damaged members by straightening the members and
Per
1 removing and repairing all the existing dents as well as other defects and neatly 347
1,465.00 Metre 508,355.00
refixing the repaired members as directed by the Engineer-in- Charge including
fasteners and fixing etc. complete in all respects.
Credit of using Scrap single faced metal beam crash barrier (W beam & Thrie beam)
Providing and laying Filter material underneath pitching in slopes complete as per
2 26.68 Cum 3554.90
drawing and Technical specification as per MORTH specification clause No.2504. 94,855.68
Toe protection (A toe wall for toe protection can either be in dry rubble masonry in
case of dry rubble pitching or pitching with stones in wire crates or it can be in PCC
M15 nominal mix if cement concrete block have been used for pitching . Rates for toe
3 wall can be adopted from respective clauses depending upon approved design. The 141.30 Rm 12537.80
1,771,591.78
rate for excavation for foundation, dry rubble masonry and PCC M15 have been
analysed and given in respective chapters. as per MORTH specification clause
No.2504.4.)
Back filling behind abutment, wing wall, return wall complete as per drawing and
4 technical specifications as per MORTH specification clause No.710.1.4 OF IRC 78 & Cum 3,008.40
550.08 1,654,853.71
2200. Sandy material
Total Bill No 6
3,881,672.16
Bill No :
Toll Plaza Items
8
Overhead Signs (Providing and erecting overhead signs with a corrosion resistant
2mm thick aluminium alloy sheet reflectorised with retro reflective sheeting Type-XI
with vertical and lateral clearance given in clause 802.2 and 802.3 and installed as
per clause 802.7 over a designed support system of aluminium alloy or galvanised
steel trestles and trusses of sections and type as per structural design requirements
and approved plans & as per IRC: 67). The retro reflective sheeting shall be tested
for a certificate of having the sheeting tested for coefficient of retro reflection,
daytime colour and luminance, shrinkage, flexibility, linear removal, adhesion,
impact resistance, specular gloss and fungus resistance, 3 years outdoor weathering
and its having passed these tests shall be obtained from International/Goverment
Laboratory/Institute by the manufacturer of the sheeting and in case the certificate
1 is obtained from international condition, it should also be obtained from indian
condition within 3 years of launching of product by the manufacture in
abroad.Alternatively, a certificate conforming to ASTM specification (D4956-09) on
artificial accelerated weathering requirements from a reputed laboratory in India
can be accepted provisionally.In such a situation, the Employer/Client, if so desires
could seek for a performance guarantee which would released after receipt a
certificate meeting the requirement of three years outdoor weathering of the
sheeting as per IRC 67:2022 & proof of the same report shall be uploaded while
quoting tendor. 10 years warranty shall be provided for retro reflective sheeting
Type-XI as per Clause 6.9 of IRC 67:2022. At the end of warranty period, the sheeting
shall retain atleast 80% of its retro reflectance. When totally wet, the sheeting shall
show not less than 90% of the value of the desired retro reflectance.
Overhead Sign Board attached with canopy truss, Size 60m X 1.83m Providing and
erecting retro- reflectorised sign on toll plaza canopy as per IRC :67-2022 made of
2 109.8 Sqm 14140.00
Type XI sheet vide clause 801.3, fixed over aluminum sheeting, 2 mm thick or 1,552,572.00
aluminum composite material sheet overall thickness of 4 mm
Solar Blinker: Providing Solar Blinker with Pole including installation and running
4 10 Nos 16885.5
charges at authorised Median Cuts and Intersection as per the approval of Engineer. 168,855.00
Dismantling of Structures (Dismantling of existing structures like culverts, bridges,
retaining walls and other structure comprising of masonry, cement concrete, wood
work, steel work, including T&P and scaffolding wherever necessary, sorting the
dismantled material, disposal of unserviceable material and stacking the serviceable
1 211.2 Cum 1189.80
material with all lifts and lead of 1000 metres)as per MoRTH specification clause No. 251,285.76
202.
By Mechanical Means for items No. 2.04( b) & ( c)
Prestressed / Reinforced cement concrete grade M-20 & above
Providing structural steel for super- structure complete as per drawing and
5 5.02 MT 131,732.10
technical specifications 661,861.75
Total Bill No : 8
5,070,008.18
Junction Improvement
A.( LHS Ch.
435.300,434.800,435.500,437.000,437.500,437.850,442.400,443.000,443.600,
Bill No :
446.000,446.900)
09
B. (RHS Ch.
431.600,431.250,432.600,433.200,434.200,434.800,435.000,435.300,
440.500,443.500,446.800)
Construction of Embankment with Material obtained from Borrow pits :
Construction of Embankment with approved material obtained from Borrow pits
1 with approved material obtained from borrow pits with all lifts and leads, Cum 224
2,277.00 510,048.00
transporting to site, spreading, grading to required slope and compacting to meet
requirement of Table 300-2.
Construction of Subgrade and Earthen Shoulders : Construction of sub-grade and
earthen shoulders with approved material obtained from Borrow pits with approved
2 material obtained from borrow pits with all lifts and leads, transporting to site, Cum 227.5
2,277.00 518,017.50
spreading, grading to required slope and compacting to meet requirement of Table
300-2.
Granular Sub-Base with Graded Material : Construction of granular sub-base by
providing close graded material, spreading in uniform layers with motor grader on
3 prepared surface, mixing by mix in place method with front end loader at OMC, and Cum 3100.6
910.80 2,824,026.48
compacting with vibratory roller to achieve the desired density, complete as per
clause 401.
Providing, laying, spreading and compacting graded stone aggregate to wet mix
macadam specification including premixing the Material with water at OMC in
4 mechanical mix plant carriage of mixed Material by tipper to site, laying in uniform Cum 3365.9
1,138.50 3,832,077.15
layers with grader in sub- base / base course on well prepared surface and
compacting with vibratory roller to achieve the desired density.
Providing and laying dense graded bituminous macadam with higher typer HMP
using crushed aggregates of specified grading, premixed with bituminous binder @
4.0 per cent by weight of total mix and filler, transporting the hot mix to work site,
5 laying with a hydrostatic paver finisher with sensor control to the required grade, Cum 11958.6
546.48 6,535,135.73
level and alignment, rolling with smooth wheeled, vibratory and tandem rollers to
achieve the desired compaction as per MoRTH specification clause No. 505 complete
in all respects.
Providing and applying primer coat with SS1 bitumen emulsion on prepared surface
6 of granular Base including clearing of road surface and spraying primer at the rate of Sqm 47.10
9,108.00 428,986.80
0.70 kg/sqm using mechanical means.
Tack Coat on Bituminous surfaces:Providing and applying tack coat with bitumen
7 emulsion using emulsion pressure distributor at the rate of 0.20 kg per sqm on the Sqm 14.10
9,108.00 128,422.80
prepared bituminous surface cleaned with mechanical broom.
Providing and laying bituminous concrete with higher capacity batch type hot mix
plant using crushed aggregates of specified grading, premixed with bituminous
binder @5.2 percent of mix and filler, transporting the hot mix to work site, laying
8 with a hydrostatic paver finisher with sensor control to the required grade, level and Cum 14354.30
364.32 5,229,558.58
alignment , rolling with smooth wheeled, vibratory and tandem rollers to achieve the
desired compaction as per MORT&H specification clause no. 507 complete in all
respects.VG 30
Total Bill No : 10
20,006,273.03
Bill No :
Signages
10
Providing and fixing of retro-reflectorised cautionary, mandatory and informatory
sign as per clause 801 of MoRTH Specifications for Roads & Bridge Works and IRC:
67 (2022) made of class -C Micro Prismatic Grade Sheeting of Type XI retro
reflective sheeting. The retro - reflective sheeting shall have manufacturer logo,
watermark and lot number on the sheet.
A QR (Bar) code shall also be placed on the urbackside of the sign board with an
indelible ink. For signs above 600mm size, retro reflective sheet shall be fixed over 2
mm thick aluminium sheeting vide or 4mm thick Aluminium composite material
sheet vide clause 801 of MoRTH Specifications for Roads & Brige Works. For signs
above 600mm sizes, sign shall be fixed over back support frame of minimum 35 x
35x 3 mm angle Frame. For signs above 600mm size, Signs shall be supported on Gl
circular pipe 80 NB, 3.2 mm thickness confirming to IS 1239. Retro-Reflective sheet
shall be fixed on Substrate with Pressure Sensitive Adhesive. The Substrate shall be
firmly riveted on Angle Frame @ 200mm spacing with Aluminium Pop rivets using
Pneumatic Guns. The Angle frame shall be firmly fixed with high strength bolts,
washers nuts conforming to IS1364 and IS 1367 on Sign Support Pole. Sign Supports
shall be firmly fixed to the ground by means of properly designed foundation with M
25 grade cement concrete 45 cm x 45 cm x 60, 60 cm below ground level as per
approved drawling. All Components of signs and supports including Angle Frame,
Bolts, Nuts, Washers, etc. other than the reflective portion shall be galvanized by hot
dip process (Zinc coated, 0.55 kg/sqm; minimum single spot) unless otherwise
specified. All galvanizing shall be done after fabrication. Alternate white and yellow
1 bands measuring 50 mm long retro-reflective sheeting shall be pasted around Gi
posts which help in ensuring the visibility/Presence of poles during night time even
if the sign boards are stolen or totally vandalized. Minimum four bands of such retro-
reflective sheeting shall be pasted
starting from a height of 0.5 m above the finish road level. The messages (legends,
letters, numerals, etc.) and borders as per clause 6.8 of IRC 67 shall be digitally
printed. Finished Signs shall have an Ultra Violet (UV) protective clear overlay
applied to the entire face of the signs supplied by reflective sheet manufacturer. The
agency shall submit 10 years warranty for satisfactory field performance for type XI
retro reflective sheeting from the retro-reflective sheet manufacturer confirming to
clause 6.7 & 6.9 of IRC 67. Agency shall submit a certified copy of test reports from
an Government laboratory/ Institute conforming to clause 6.7 & 6.9 of IRC 67
including 3 years accelerated outdoor weathering for the retro reflective sheeting.
The Agency shall submit the sign convertor (manufacturer) name with details of
essential equipment available with convertor in his fabrication shop such as digital.
printer, cutter, plotter, laminator, Galvanizing plant, etc. The Agency shall submit
road sign
installation drawing in Kmz file for approval before installation and after installation
submit geo-tagging of all road signs with its installation photos and date of
installation and other details as mentioned in IRC 67 annexure Vil, complete in all
respects. The sign supports and its foundation details are indicative. These may be
increased
like in coastal areas. This is applicable to all road signs and direction boards.
90 cm equilateral triangle 10.00 Each 8141.00
81,410.00
90 cm circular 10.00 Each 9967.00
99,670.00
90 cm x 75 cm rectangular 10.00 Each 10176.00
101,760.00
80 cm x 60 cm rectangular 10.00 Each 8811.00
88,110.00
Direction and Place Identification Signs upto 0.9 sqm Size Board.(Providing and
erecting direction and place identification retro-reflectorised sign as per IRC:67
made of high intensity grade sheeting vide clause 801.3, fixed over aluminium
sheeting, 2 mm thick or Aluminium composite material sheet with overall thickness
of 4 mm with area not exceeding 0.9 sqm fixed over back support frame of min 35 x
35 x 3 mm Angle mounted on a mild steel circular pipe 65 NB, firmly fixed to the
ground by means of properly designed foundation with M25 grade cement concrete
45 x 45 x 60 cm, 60 cm below ground level as per approved drawing).The retro
reflective sheeting shall be tested for a certificate of having the sheeting tested for
coefficient of retro reflection, daytime colour and luminance, shrinkage, flexibility,
linear removal, adhesion, impact resistance, specular gloss and fungus resistance, 3
years outdoor weathering and its having passed these tests shall be obtained from
International/Goverment Laboratory/Institute by the manufacturer of the sheeting
2 and in case the certificate is obtained from international condition, it should also be 9.00 Sqm 14811.80
133,306.20
obtained from indian condition within 3 years of launching of product by the
manufacture in abroad.Alternatively, a certificate conforming to ASTM specification
(D4956-09) on artificial accelerated weathering requirements from a reputed
laboratory in India can be accepted provisionally.In such a situation, the
Employer/Client, if so desires could seek for a performance guarantee which would
released after receipt a certificate meeting the requirement of three years outdoor
weathering of the sheeting as per IRC 67:2022 & proof of the same report shall be
uploaded while quoting tendor. 7 years warranty shall be provided for retro
reflection sheeting Type-IV & 10 years warranty shall be provided for retro
reflective sheeting Type-XI as per Clause 6.9 of IRC 67:2022. At the end of warranty
period, the sheeting shall retain atleast 80% of its retro reflectance. When totally
wet, the sheeting shall show not less than 90% of the value of the desired retro
reflectance.
Direction and Place Identification Signs with size more than 0.9 sqm size
Board.(Providing and erecting direction and place identification retro- reflectorised
sign as per IRC :67 made of high intensity grade sheeting vide clause 801.3, fixed
over aluminium sheeting, 2 mm thick or Aluminium composite material sheet with
overall thickness of 4 mm with area exceeding 0.9 sqm fixed over back support
frame of min 40 x 40 x 5 mm Angle mounted on two nos. of mild steel circular pipe
65 NB, 3.2mm thickness and 4.5m meter total height firmly fixed to the ground by
means of properly designed foundation with M 25 grade cement concrete 45 cm x 45
cm x 60 cm, 60 cm below ground level as per approved drawing).The retro reflective
sheeting shall be tested for a certificate of having the sheeting tested for coefficient
of retro reflection, daytime colour and luminance, shrinkage, flexibility, linear
removal, adhesion, impact resistance, specular gloss and fungus resistance, 3 years
outdoor weathering and its having passed these tests shall be obtained from
International/Goverment Laboratory/Institute by the manufacturer of the sheeting
3 124.00 Sqm 15533.40
and in case the certificate is obtained from international condition, it should also be 1,926,141.60
obtained from indian condition within 3 years of launching of product by the
manufacture in abroad.Alternatively, a certificate conforming to ASTM specification
(D4956-09) on artificial accelerated weathering requirements from a reputed
laboratory in India can be accepted provisionally.In such a situation, the
Employer/Client, if so desires could seek for a performance guarantee which would
released after receipt a certificate meeting the requirement of three years outdoor
weathering of the sheeting as per IRC 67:2022 & proof of the same report shall be
uploaded while quoting tendor. 7 years warranty shall be provided for retro
reflection sheeting Type-IV & 10 years warranty shall be provided for retro
reflective sheeting Type-XI as per Clause 6.9 of IRC 67:2022. At the end of warranty
period, the sheeting shall retain atleast 80% of its retro reflectance. When totally
wet, the sheeting shall show not less than 90% of the value of the desired retro
reflectance. `
Road Delineators (Supplying and installation of MS delineators (Road way
indicators, hazard markers, object markers), 80-100 cm high above ground level,
painted black and white in 15 cm wide strips, fitted with 80 x 100 mm rectangular or
75 mm dia circular reflectorised panels at the top, buried or pressed into the ground
and conforming to IRC-79 and the drawings. MS Delineator made of Mild steel with
pure polyester powder coating with the minimum thickness of powder coating of
not less than 40 micron for protection against corrosion. The surface should be
concealed so that there should not be any exposed surface without powder coating.
Alternatively,these metal guide poles can be concealed with thermoplastic body. The
posts shall have fan ellipsoidal or circular design with the height of the pole shall be
800 to 900 mm above the ground with about 200 to 300 mm base which can be
anchored onto ground. Mild steel Guide poles shall conform to Type XI sheeting
specifications as per IRC:67 and ASTM D4956 which would ensure to obtain clear
4 visibility of the road alignment during night time. The retro reflective sheeting shall 72.00 Each 794.60
57,211.20
be tested for a certificate of having the sheeting tested for coefficient of retro
reflection, daytime colour and luminance, shrinkage, flexibility, linear removal,
adhesion, impact resistance, specular gloss and fungus resistance, 3 years outdoor
weathering and its having passed these tests shall be obtained from
International/Goverment Laboratory/Institute by the manufacturer of the sheeting
and in case the certificate is obtained from international condition, it should also be
obtained from indian condition within 3 years of launching of product by the
manufacture in abroad.Alternatively, a certificate conforming to ASTM specification
(D4956-09) on artificial accelerated weathering requirements from a reputed
laboratory in India can be accepted provisionally.In such a situation, the
Employer/Client, if so desires could seek for a performance guarantee which would
released after receipt a certificate meeting the requirement of three years outdoor
weathering of the sheeting as per IRC 67:2022
Solar traffic blinkers for highways typically feature 5mm LEDs, with specifications
including a flashing frequency of 30-35 per minute, a visibility range of 500 meters,
5 and a duty cycle of 66.67%. They often utilize a 12V, 12 Ah LiFePo4 battery and a 30- 41.00 Each 16885.50
692,305.50
watt solar panel. The blinkers are designed for 24/7 operation, offering autonomy of
up to 48 hours, and have an IP65 rating for weather resistance.
Total Bill No : 10
3,179,914.50
Bill No : Routine Maintenance ,Crane & Patrolling Vehicle for accident and Traffic
11 Management System
Removal of all types of broken down vehicles which have met with accidents from
the carriageway and towing the same to proper locations i.e. nearest police station
or some suitable location by using 20 MT or of more capacity pick and carry crane,
as per the requirement of incident management as per the clause 6.4 of Scope of
work as per Clause 6.8 "Performance Standard" of scope of work. The crane shall be
Per
1 equipped with precise vehicle tracking system (VTS) (of reputed ISO 9001 company) 6 200000
Month 1,200,000.00
based on Global positioning system (GPS) and GSM / GPRMS technology.The system
shall include micro, live real time tracking web based software through which use of
GIS map and transit, stoppage idle, over speed reports of vehicle shall be obtained.
Specifications shall be as per MoRTH SOP for IMS dt 09.02.2021. Crane should
adhere to the minimum specifications as described in IRC SP 84-2019.
Providing, running and maintaing route patrol vehicle as per clause 6.4 of scope of
work and as per clause 6.8 "Performance Standard' of scope of work. It also include
removal of dead animals lying on highways and burying them at proper safe location
Per
2 out of ROW. it will be incidental to this work.Payment will be made as defined in 6 250000
Month 1,500,000.00
clause 6.8 of scope of work. Specifications shall be as per MoRTH SOP for IMS dt
09.02.2021. Patrol vehicle should adhere to the minimum specifications as described
in NHAI Policy Circular no.: 12.19 dated 20.03.2018.
NAME OF
FIRM
Percentage
below on
Estimated
Cost put to
Tender
Percentage
above on
Estimated
Cost put to
Tender
At par of
estimated
cost put to
Tender