1. What is Network Topology?
Network topology is the physical or logical layout of how devices (nodes) are connected in a network.
Examples: Bus, Star, Ring, Mesh, Tree.
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2. What is a Backbone Network?
A backbone network is the central part of a network that connects different segments and handles large data traffic, like a highway for data.
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3. (Repeat) What is a Backbone Network?
Same as above.
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4. Point-to-Point vs Client-Server Network
Point-to-Point: Direct connection between two devices.
Client-Server: Clients request services, and the server provides them (used in most business networks).
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5. OS and its Types
An Operating System (OS) manages hardware and software resources.
Types:
Windows (user-friendly)
Linux (open-source)
macOS (Apple devices)
Network OS (manages network resources)
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6. What is a Link in Networking?
A link is the communication path between two devices in a network.
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7. What is a Node in a Network?
Any device (like a computer, printer, or router) connected to a network is called a node.
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8. Difference Between Domain, Workgroup, and LAN
Domain: Centralized control with a server (used in companies).
Workgroup: No central control, peer-to-peer (home networks).
LAN: Local Area Network connects devices in a small area (like office).
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9. What is Ethernet?
Ethernet is a wired networking technology used in LANs for fast and reliable communication.
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10. Physical vs Logical Address
Physical Address: MAC address, hardware-based.
Logical Address: IP address, assigned by software.
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11. What is the OSI Model? Important Layer?
OSI Model has 7 layers explaining how data travels in a network.
Important layer: Network and Transport layers (responsible for addressing and delivery).
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12. TCP/IP vs OSI Model
OSI has 7 layers, TCP/IP has 4 layers.
TCP/IP is practical and used in real networking.
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13. What is a VPN Server?
A VPN (Virtual Private Network) server lets users connect to a private network securely over the internet.
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14. Permission vs Policy vs Rights
Permission: Access to files/folders.
Policy: Set of rules for users/computers.
Rights: Control what users can do (like login, shutdown, etc.).
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15. Tree vs Forest
Tree: Group of domains in a hierarchy.
Forest: Group of trees that trust each other.
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16. DC vs ADC
DC (Domain Controller): Main server that handles user login, permissions.
ADC (Additional DC): Backup of DC, used for load balancing.
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17. What is IP? IPv4 vs IPv6
IP: Internet Protocol, assigns address to devices.
IPv4: 32-bit, like 192.168.1.1
IPv6: 128-bit, like 2001:0db8::1
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18. What is a Subnet Mask?
It divides IP address into network and host parts, used for routing.
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19. TCP vs UDP
TCP: Connection-oriented, reliable (used in web, email).
UDP: Connectionless, faster (used in video streaming, gaming).
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20. Types of Networking Cables
Twisted Pair (Cat5e, Cat6)
Coaxial Cable
Fiber Optic Cable
21. Max Length of LAN Cable
100 meters (328 feet) for twisted pair cables.
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22. Subnet Mask (Repeated)
It divides IP address into network and host parts, used for routing.
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23. Router vs Switch vs Hub
Router: Connects different networks (e.g., LAN to internet).
Switch: Connects devices in a LAN smartly.
Hub: Connects devices, but broadcasts data to all.
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24. Why is a Default Gateway Necessary?
It’s needed to send data outside your local network (e.g., to the internet).
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25. DNS and DHCP
DNS: Translates domain names to IP addresses.
DHCP: Automatically gives IP address to devices.
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26. FTP and Anonymous FTP
FTP: Used to transfer files over a network.
Anonymous FTP: Allows public access without login.
27. What is NAT?
NAT (Network Address Translation) allows multiple devices to share one public IP address.
28. RIP vs OSPF
RIP: Simple, distance-based routing protocol.
OSPF: Advanced, link-state protocol, faster and more scalable.
29. Active Directory & ADDS
Active Directory: Service to manage users, computers, policies.
ADDS: Active Directory Domain Services (main part of AD).
30. What is a Child Domain? Difference from Tree Domain?
Child Domain: Subdomain under a parent domain.
Tree Domain: A structure of domains forming a hierarchy.
