ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION ( A.P.

Any sequence of numbers where the difference between two

consecutive numbers is same is said to form an A.P.

eg. 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , ………………..
2 , 6 , 10 , 14 , ………………..

1) General form of an A.P.

a , a+ d , a + 2 d , a+ 3 d , …………….

2) n th term of an A.P. ( a n / l / T n )

an=a+(n–1)d

where , a = first term

d = common difference
n = number of terms

3) Sum of n terms of an A.P. ( Sn )

Sn= n [2a+(n–1)d]
2

OR

Sn= n [a+l]
2
 EXERCISE 5.1

Q1. (i) Yes , since 15 , 23 , 31 , ………… form an A.P.

(ii) No , since volumes are V , 3 V , 3V ² , ............

4 4

(iii) Yes , since 150 , 200 , 250 , ………… forms an A.P.

(iv) No , since amounts are 10000 1 + 8 , 10000 1 + 8 ² , ……

100 100

Q2. (i) a = 10 , d = 10

Sol. Here , a = 10 , d = 10 ( given )

 a + d = 10 + 10 = 20
a + 2 d = 10 + 2 (10) = 30
a + 3 d = 10 + 3 (10) = 40
i.e. the required terms are
10 , 20 , 30 and 40. Ans

(ii) H.W.

(iii) H.W.

(iv) a=-1, d=½

Sol. Here , a = - 1 , d=½ ( given )

 a+d=-1+½=-2+1 =-1
2 2
a + 2 d = - 1 + 2(½) = - 1 + 1 = 0
a + 3 d = - 1 + 3(½) = - 2 + 3 = 1
2 2
i.e. the required terms are
- 1 , - 1 , 0 and 1.
2 2 Ans

(v) a = - 1.25 , d = - 0.25

Sol. Here , a = - 1.25 , d = - 0.25 ( given )

  a + d = - 1.25 + (- 0.25) = - 1.50
a + 2 d = - 1.25 + 2 (- 0.25) = - 1.25 - 0.50 = - 1.75
a + 3 d = - 1.25 + 3 (- 0.25) = - 1.25 - 0.75 = - 2.0
i.e. the required terms are
- 1.25 , - 1.50 , - 1.75 and - 2.0. Ans

Q3. (i) 3 , 1 , - 1 , - 3 , …………

Sol. First term (a) = 3

Common difference (d) = 1 – 3
=–2 Ans

(ii) - 5 , - 1 , 3 , 7 , …………

Sol. First term (a) = – 5

Common difference (d) = – 1 – (– 5 )
=–1+5
= 4 Ans

(iii) 1 , 5 , 9 , 13 , …………
3 3 3 3

Sol. First term (a) = 1

3
Common difference (d) = 5 – 1
3 3
= 5–1
3
= 4
3 Ans

(iv) H.W.

Q4. (i) 2 , 4 , 8 , 16 , …………

Sol. Here ,
a ₂– a₁= 4 – 2 = 2
a ₃– a₂= 8 – 4 = 4
 a ₂– a₁≠ a ₃– a₂
 it is not an A.P. Ans

(ii) H.W.

(iii) H.W.

(iv) H.W.
 (v) 3 , 3 + √2 , 3 + 2√2 , 3 + 3√2 , …………

Sol. Here ,
a ₂ – a ₁ = 3 + √2 – 3
= √2
a ₃ – a ₂ = (3 + 2√2) – (3 + √2)
= 3 + 2√2 – 3 – √2
= √2
a ₄ – a ₃ = (3 + 3√2) – (3 + 2√2)
= 3 + 3√2 – 3 – 2√2
= √2
 a ₂– a₁= a ₃– a₂=a ₄– a₃
 it is an A.P. with common difference (d) = √2
Also , the next three terms are
(3 + 3√2) + √2 = 3 + 4√2
(3 + 4√2) + √2 = 3 + 5√2
(3 + 5√2) + √2 = 3 + 6√2 Ans

(vi) H.W.

(vii) H.W.

(viii) H.W.

(ix) H.W.

(x) H.W.

(xi) a , a ² , a ³ , a ⁴ , …………

Sol. Here ,
a ₂– a₁= a ² – a = a ( a – 1 )
a ₃– a₂= a ³ – a ² = a ² ( a – 1 )
 a ₂– a₁≠ a ₃– a₂
 it is not an A.P. Ans

(xii) √2 , √8 , √18 , √32 , …………

Sol. Here ,
a ₂ – a ₁ = √8 – √2
= 2√2 – √2
= √2
a ₃ – a ₂ = √18 – √8
= 3√2 – 2√2
 = √2
a ₄ – a ₃ = √32 – √18
= 4√2 – 3√2
= √2
 a ₂– a₁= a ₃– a₂=a ₄– a₃
 it is an A.P. with common difference (d) = √2
Also , the next three terms are
√32 + √2 = 4√2 + √2 = 5√2 = √50
√50 + √2 = 5√2 + √2 = 6√2 = √72
√72 + √2 = 6√2 + √2 = 7√2 = √98 Ans

(xiii) H.W.

(xiv) H.W.

(xv) 1 ² , 5 ² , 7 ² , 73 …………

Sol. Here ,
a ₂ – a ₁ = 5 ² – 1² = 25 – 1 = 24
a ₃ – a ₂ = 7 ² – 5² = 49 – 25 = 24
a ₄ – a ₃ = 73 – 7² = 73 – 49 = 24
 a ₂– a₁= a ₃– a₂=a ₄– a₃
 it is an A.P. with common difference (d) = 24
Also , the next three terms are
73 + 24 = 97
97 + 24 = 121
121 + 24 = 145 Ans

EXERCISE 5.2

Q1. (i) Here , a =7

d =3
n =8
a n= ?
Since , a n=a+(n– 1)d
 a ₈ =7 +(8 –1)3
=7+73
= 7 + 21
= 28 Ans

(ii) Here , a = – 18
n = 10
 an=0
d=?
Since , an=a+(n–1)d
 0 = – 18 + ( 10 – 1 )  d
0 = – 18 + 9  d
18 = 9  d
or , d = 18
9
d = 2 Ans

(iii) Here , d =–3

n = 18
a n= – 5
a =?
Since , a n=a+(n– 1)d
 – 5 = a + ( 18 – 1 )  – 3
– 5 = a + 17  – 3
– 5 = a – 51
– 5 + 51 = a
or , a = 46 Ans

(iv) Here , a = – 18.9

d = 2.5
a n = 3.6
n=?
Since , an=a+(n–1)d
 3.6 = – 18.9 + ( n – 1 )  2.5
3.6 + 18.9 = ( n – 1 )  2.5
22.5 = ( n – 1 )  2.5
22.5 = n – 1
2.5
9 = n–1
9+1=n
or , n = 10 Ans

(v) H.W.

Q2. (i) 30th term of an AP : 10 , 7 , 4 , …………

Sol. Here , a = 10
d = 7 – 10
=–3
n = 30
 Since , an=a+(n–1)d
 a ₃₀ = 10 + ( 30 – 1 )  – 3
= 10 + 29  – 3
= 10 – 87
= – 77
 (C) Ans

(ii) H.W.

Q3. (i) 2 , …… , 26

Sol. Here , a=2

n=3
a n = 26
Since , an=a+(n–1)d
 26 = 2 + ( 3 – 1 ) d
26 – 2 = 2 d
24 = 2 d
or , d = 12
 Missing term = 2 + 12
= 14 Ans

(ii) …… , 13 , …… , 3

Sol. Let the first term of an AP be ‘a’ and common difference be ‘d’.
Here , a ₂ = 13
 a + ( n – 1 ) d = 13
[ Since , a n = a + ( n – 1 ) d ]
a + ( 2 – 1 ) d = 13
a + d = 13 ………… 
Also , a ₄= 3
 a+3d =3 ………… 
On subtracting eq  and eq  , we get
a + d = 13
a+3d =3
(−) (−) (−)
− 2 d = 10
d =−5
 a + (− 5) = 13 ( using eq  )
a − 5 = 13
a = 13 + 5
a = 18
  a ₃ = 13 + (− 5) = 8
i.e. the missing terms are 18 and 8 Ans

(iii) H.W.

(iv) – 4 , …… , …… , …… , …… , 6

Sol. Here , a=–4

n=6
an=6
Since , an=a+(n–1)d
 6=–4+(6–1)d
6+4=5d
10 = 5 d
or , d = 2
 a ₂= − 4 + 2 = − 2
a ₃= − 2 + 2 = 0
a ₄= 0 + 2 = 2
a ₅= 2 + 2 = 4
i.e. the missing terms are − 2 , 0 , 2 and 4 Ans

(i) H.W.

Q4. 3 , 8 , 13 , 18 , ……….. , is 78

Sol. Let the required term be nth term

Here , a=3
d=8–3=5
a n = 78
Since , an=a+(n–1)d
 78 = 3 + ( n – 1 )  5
78 – 3 = ( n – 1 )  5
75 = ( n – 1 )  5
75 = n – 1
5
15 = n – 1
15 + 1 = n
or , n = 16
i.e. Required term = 16 th term Ans

Q5. (i) H.W.

(ii) 18 , 15½ , 13 , ……….. , – 47.

Sol. Let the required number of terms be n.
Here , a = 18
d = 15½ – 18
= 31 – 18
2
= 31 – 36
2
= –5
2
a n = – 47
Since , an=a+(n–1)d
 – 47 = 18 + ( n – 1 )  – 5
2
– 47 – 18 = ( n – 1 )  – 5
2
– 65  – 2 = n – 1
5
26 = n – 1
26 + 1 = n
or , n = 27
i.e. Required number of terms = 27 Ans

Q6. – 150 is a term of an AP : 11 , 8 , 5 , 2 , ………..

Sol. Let – 150 be the nth term of an AP.

Here , a = 11
d = 8 – 11 = – 3
a n = – 150
Since , an=a+(n–1)d
 – 150 = 11 + ( n – 1 )  – 3
– 150 – 11 = ( n – 1 )  – 3
– 161 = ( n – 1 )  – 3
– 161 = n – 1
– 3
161 + 1 = n
3
161 + 3 = n
3
164 = n
3
or , n = 54 ⅔
 But , n should be a positive integer
 – 150 is not a term of an AP. Ans

Q7. Let the first term of an AP be ‘a’ and common difference be ‘d’.
Here , a ₁₁ = 38 ( given )
 a + ( 11 – 1 ) d = 38
[ since , a n = a + ( n – 1 ) d ]
a+ 10 d = 38 ………… 
Also , a ₁₆ = 73 ( given )
 a+ 15 d = 73 ………… 
On subtracting eq  and eq  , we get
a + 10 d = 38
a + 15 d = 73
(−) (−) (−)
− 5 d = − 35
d =7
 a + 10 ( 7 ) = 38 ( using eq  )
a + 70 = 38
a = 38 − 70
a = − 32
Now ,
an=a+(n–1)d
 a ₃₁ = − 32 + ( 31 – 1 )  7
= − 32 + 30  7

= − 32 + 210
= 178
i.e. Required 31 st term = 178 Ans

Q8. Let the first term of an AP be ‘a’ and common difference be ‘d’.
Here , a ₃ = 12 ( given )
 a + ( 3 – 1 ) d = 12
[ since , a n = a + ( n – 1 ) d ]
a+ 2 d = 12 ………… 
Also , a ₅₀ = 106 ( given )
 a+ 49 d = 106 ………… 
On subtracting eq  and eq  , we get
a + 2 d = 12
a + 49 d = 106
(−) (−) (−)
− 47 d = − 94
d =2
 a + 2 ( 2 ) = 12 ( using eq  )
 a + 4 = 12
a = 12 − 4
a =8
Now ,
an=a+(n–1)d
 a ₂₉ = 8 + ( 29 – 1 )  2
= 8 + 28  2
= 8 + 56
= 64
i.e. Required 29 th term = 64 Ans

Q9. Let the first term of an AP be ‘a’ and common difference be ‘d’.
Here , a ₃= 4 ( given )
 a+(3–1)d=4
[ since , a n = a + ( n – 1 ) d ]
a+ 2 d = 4 ………… 
Also , a ₉= – 8 ( given )
 a+ 8 d = – 8 ………… 
On subtracting eq  and eq  , we get
a+2d =4
a+8d =–8
(−) (−) (+)
− 6 d = 12
d =−2
 a+2(−2)=4 ( using eq  )
a−4=4
a =4+4
a =8
Now , let the required term be n th term.
Then , an = 0
Since , an=a+(n–1)d
 0 =8+(n–1)–2
0 =8–2n+2
or , 2n=8+2
2 n = 10
n = 5
i.e. Required term = 5 th term Ans

Q10. Let the first term of an AP be ‘a’ and common difference be ‘d’.
Here ,
a ₁₇ = a ₁₀ + 7 ( given )
 a + 16 d = a + 9 d + 7
 [ since , a n = a + ( n – 1 ) d ]
16 d − 9 d = 7
7d = 7
d = 1
i.e. Common difference ( d ) = 1 Ans

Q11. 3 , 15 , 27 , 39 , ………..

Sol. Let the required term be nth term

Here , a=3
d = 15 – 3 = 12
Now accordingly ,
a n = a ₅₄ + 132
a + ( n – 1 ) d = a + 53 d + 132
 3 + ( n – 1 )  12 = 3 + 53  12 + 132
( n – 1 )  12 = 636 + 132
( n – 1 )  12 = 768
( n – 1 ) = 768
12
n – 1 = 64
or , n = 65
i.e. Required term = 65 th term Ans

Q12. Let the common difference of both AP be ‘d’.

For first AP :
first term (a) = a₁
Since , an=a+(n–1)d
 a ₁₀₀ = a₁ + ( 100 – 1 ) d
a ₁₀₀ = a₁ + 99 d ………… 
For second AP :
first term (a) = a₂
Since , an=a+(n–1)d
 a₁₀₀ = a₂ + ( 100 – 1 ) d
a₁₀₀ = a₂ + 99 d ………… 
But , a ₁₀₀ – a₁₀₀ = 100 ( given )
 (a₁ + 99 d) – (a₂ + 99 d) = 100
( from eq  and eq  )
a₁ + 99 d – a₂ – 99 d = 100
a₁ – a₂ = 100 ………… 
Now ,
a ₁₀₀₀ – a₁₀₀₀ = (a₁ + 999 d) – (a₂ + 999 d)
= a₁ + 999 d – a₂ – 999 d
 = a₁ – a₂
= 100 ( from eq  )
i.e. Required difference = 100 Ans

Q13. The sequence forming an AP is

105 , 112 , 119 , ……………… , 994
Here , a = 105
d=7
a n = 994
Since , an=a+(n–1)d
 994 = 105 + ( n – 1 )  7
994 – 105 = ( n – 1 )  7
889 = ( n – 1 )  7
889 = ( n – 1 )
7
127 = n – 1
127 + 1 = n
or , n = 128
i.e. Required three-digit numbers = 128 Ans

Q14. The sequence forming an AP is

12 , 16 , 20 , ……………… , 248
Here , a = 12
d=4
a n = 248
Since , an=a+(n–1)d
 248 = 12 + ( n – 1 )  4
248 – 12 = ( n – 1 )  4
236 = ( n – 1 )  4
236 = ( n – 1 )
4
59 = n – 1
59 + 1 = n
or , n = 60
i.e. Required multiples = 60 Ans

Q15 63 , 65 , 67 , ……………… and 3 , 10 , 17 , ………………

For first AP :
Here , a = 63
d = 65 – 63
=2
Since , an=a+(n–1)d
  a n = 63 + ( n – 1 )  2
a n = 63 + 2 n – 2
a n = 61 + 2 n

For second AP :
Here , a=3
d = 10 –3
=7
Since , an=a+(n–1)d
 a n = 3 + ( n – 1 )  7
a n = 3 + 7 n – 7
a n = 7 n – 4
But , a n = a n ( given )
 61 + 2 n = 7 n – 4
2 n – 7 n = – 4 – 61
– 5 n = – 65
n = 13 Ans

Q16. Let the first term of an AP be ‘a’ and common difference be ‘d’.
Here , a ₃ = 16 ( given )
 a + ( 3 – 1 ) d = 16
[ since , a n = a + ( n – 1 ) d ]
a + 2 d = 16 ………… 
Also , a ₇ = a ₅ + 12 ( given )
 a + 6 d = a + 4 d + 12
6 d = 4 d + 12
6 d – 4 d = 12
2 d = 12
d = 6
On putting this value in eq  , we get
a + 2 (6) = 16
a + 12 = 16
a = 16 – 12
a = 4
i.e. the required AP is 4 , 10 , 16 , 22 , ……………. Ans

Q17. 20 th term from the last term of AP 3 , 8 , 13 , ……….. , 253.

Sol. Here , a =3
d = 8 –3
=5
a n = 253
n = 20
 Now , Required term = a n – ( n – 1 ) d
= 253 – ( 20 – 1 )  5
= 253 – 19  5
= 253 – 95
= 158 Ans

Q18. Let the first term of an AP be ‘a’ and common difference be ‘d’.
Here , a ₄ + a ₈ = 24 ( given )
 a+ 3 d + a+ 7 d = 24
[ since , a n = a + ( n – 1 ) d ]
2 a+ 10 d = 24
2 ( a+ 5 d ) = 24
a+ 5 d = 12 ………… 
Also , a ₆ + a ₁₀ = 44 ( given )
 a+ 5 d + a+ 9 d = 44
[ since , a n = a + ( n – 1 ) d ]
2 a+ 14 d = 44
2 ( a+ 7 d ) = 44
a+ 7 d = 22 ………… 
On subtracting eq  and eq  , we get
a + 5 d = 12
a + 7 d = 22
(−) (−) (−)
− 2 d = − 10
d =5
 a + 5 ( 5 ) = 12 ( using eq  )
a + 25 = 12
a = 12 − 25
a = − 13
i.e. the required terms are − 13 , − 8 and − 3. Ans

Q19. The given data is forming an AP with

a = 5000
d = 200
a n = 7000
Since , an=a+(n–1)d
 7000 = 5000 + ( n – 1 )  200
7000 – 5000 = ( n – 1 )  200
2000 = ( n – 1 )  200
2000 = ( n – 1 )
200
10 = n – 1
10 + 1 = n
 or , n = 11
i.e. Required time = 11 th year. Ans

Q20. The given data is forming an AP with

a=5
d = 1.75
a n = 20.75
n=?
Since , an=a+(n–1)d
 20.75 = 5 + ( n – 1 )  1.75
20.75 – 5 = ( n – 1 )  1.75
15.75 = ( n – 1 )  1.75
15.75 = ( n – 1 )
1.75
9 = n–1
9+1= n
or , n = 10 Ans

EXERCISE 5.3

Q1. (i) 2 , 7 , 12 , ………… , to 10 terms.

Sol. Here , a=2

d=7–2
=5
n = 10
Sn=?
Since , S n = n [2 a + ( n – 1 ) d ]
2
 S ₁₀ = 10 [2  2 + ( 10 – 1 )  5 ]
2
= 5 [4+95]
= 5 [ 4 + 45 ]
= 5 [ 49 ]
= 245
i.e. Required sum = 245 Ans

(ii) – 37 , – 33 , – 29 , ………… , to 12 terms.

Sol. Here , a = – 37
d = – 33 – (– 37)
= – 33 + 37
 = 4
n = 12
Sn=?
Since , S n = n [2 a + ( n – 1 ) d ]
2
 S ₁₂ = 12 [2  (– 37) + ( 12 – 1 )  4 ]
2
= 6 [– 74 + 11  4 ]
= 6 [– 74 + 44 ]
= 6 [– 30 ]
= – 180
i.e. Required sum = – 180 Ans

(iii) 0.6 , 1.7 , 2.8 , ………… , to 100 terms.

Sol. Here , a = 0.6

d = 1.7 – 0.6
= 1.1
n = 100
Sn=?
Since , S n = n [2 a + ( n – 1 ) d ]
2
 S ₁₀₀ = 100 [2  0.6 + ( 100 – 1 )  1.1 ]
2
= 50 [ 1.2 + 99  1.1 ]
= 50 [ 1.2 + 108.9 ]
= 50 [ 110.1 ]
= 5505
i.e. Required sum = 5505 Ans

(iv) 1 , 1 , 1 , ………… , to 11 terms.

15 12 10

Sol. Here , a= 1
15
d= 1 – 1
12 15
= 5 – 4
60
= 1
60
n = 11
 Sn=?
Since ,

S n = n [2 a + ( n – 1 ) d ]
2
 S ₁₁ = 11 [2  1 + ( 11 – 1 )  1 ]
2 15 60
= 11 [ 2 + 10  1 ]
2 15 60
= 11 [ 2 + 1 ]
2 15 6
= 11 [ 4 + 5 ]
2 30
= 11  9
2 30
= 33
20
i.e. Required sum = 33 Ans
20

Q2. (i) 7 + 10½ + 14 + ………… + 84.

Sol. Here ,
a ₂ – a ₁ = 10½ – 7
= 21 – 7
2
= 21 – 14
2
= 7
2
a ₃ – a ₂ = 14 – 10½
= 14 – 21
2
= 28 – 21
2
= 7
2
 a ₂– a₁= a ₃– a₂
 it is an A.P. with
a=7
d=7
2
 a n = 84
Since , an=a+(n–1)d
 84 = 7 + ( n – 1 )  7/2
84 – 7 = ( n – 1 )  7
2
77 = ( n – 1 )  7
2
77  2 = ( n – 1 )
7
22 = n – 1
22 + 1 = n
or , n = 23
Now , Sn= n [a+an ]
2
 S ₂₃ = 23 [ 7+ 84 ]
2
= 23  91
2
= 2093
2
= 1046 ½

i.e. Required sum = 1046 ½ Ans

(ii) H.W.

(iii) – 5 + (– 8) + (– 11) + ………… + (– 230).

Sol. Here ,
a ₂ – a ₁ = – 8 – (– 5)
=–8+5
=–3
a ₃ – a ₂ = – 11 – (– 8)
= – 11 + 8
=–3
 a ₂– a₁= a ₃– a₂
 it is an A.P. with
a=–5
d=–3
a n = – 230
Since , an=a+(n–1)d
 – 230 = – 5 + ( n – 1 )  – 3
 – 230 + 5 = ( n – 1 )  – 3
– 225 = ( n – 1 )  – 3

– 225 = n – 1
–3
75 = n – 1
75 + 1 = n

or , n = 76
Now , Sn= n [a+an ]
2
 S ₇₆ = 76 [– 5 + (– 230) ]
2
= 38  – 235
= – 8930
i.e. Required sum = – 8930 Ans

Q3. (i) Here , a =5

d =3
a n = 50
n =?
Sn =?
Since , an=a+(n–1)d
 50 = 5 + ( n – 1 )  3
50 – 5 = ( n – 1 )  3
45 = ( n – 1 )  3
45 = n – 1
3
15 = n – 1
15 + 1 = n
or , n = 16
Also , Sn= n (a+an )
2
 S ₁₆ = 16 ( 5 + 50 )
2
= 8  55
= 440
Hence , n = 16 and S n = 440 Ans

(ii) H.W.
(iii) Here , a ₁₂ = 5
d =3
a =?
S ₁₂ = ?
Since , an=a+(n–1)d
 a ₁₂ = a + ( 12 – 1 ) d
37 = a + ( 12 – 1 )  3
37 = a + 11  3
37 = a + 33
37 – 33 = a
4 = a
or , a = 4
Also , Sn= n (a+an )
2
 S ₁₂ = 12 ( a + a ₁₂ )
2
= 6 ( 4 + 37 )
= 6 ( 41 )
= 246
Hence , a = 16 and S ₁₂ = 246 Ans

(iv) H.W.

(v) Here , d =5
S ₉ = 75
a =?
a₉ =?
Since , S n = n [2 a + ( n – 1 ) d ]
2
 S ₉ = 9 [2 a + ( 9 – 1 )  5 ]
2
75 = 9 [2 a + 8  5 ]
2
75 = 9 [2 a + 40 ]
2
75 = 9  2 [a + 20 ]
2
75 = 9  [a + 20 ]
75 = 9  [a + 20 ]
75 = 9 a + 180
75 – 180 = 9 a
– 105 = 9 a
 or , a = – 105
9
a = – 35
3
Also , an=a+(n–1)d
 a ₉ = – 35 + ( 9 – 1 )  5
3
= – 35 + 8  5
3
= – 35 + 40
3
= – 35 + 120
3
= 85
3

Hence , a = – 35 and a ₉ = 85
3 3 Ans

(vi) H.W.

(vii) Here , a =8
a n = 62
S n = 210
n =?
d =?
Since , Sn= n (a+an )
2
 210 = n ( 8 + 62 )
2
210 = n  70
2
210 = n  35
or , n = 210
35
n = 6
Also , an=a+(n–1)d
 62 = 8 + ( 6 – 1 )  d
62 – 8 = 5  d
54 = 5  d
or , d = 54
5
 Hence , n=6 and d = 54
5 Ans

(viii) H.W.

(ix) Here , a =3
n =8
S = 192
d =?
Since , S n = n [2 a + ( n – 1 ) d ]
2
 192 = 8 [ 2  3 + ( 8 – 1 ) d ]
2
192 = 4 [ 6 + 7 d ]
192 = [ 6 + 7 d ]
4
48 = 6 + 7 d
48 – 6 = 7 d
42 = 7 d
or , d = 42
7
d = 6 Ans

(x) H.W.

Q4. 9 , 17 , 25 , ………… , sum of 636.

Sol. Let the required number of terms be n.

Here , a =9
d = 17 – 9
=8
S n = 636
n =?
Since , S n = n [2 a + ( n – 1 ) d ]
2
 636 = n [ 2  9 + ( n – 1 )  8 ]
2
636 = n [ 18 + 8 n – 8 ]
2
636 = n [ 10 + 8 n ]
2
636 = n  2 [ 5 + 4 n ]
2
 636 = n [ 5 + 4 n ]
636 = 5 n + 4 n ²
or , 4 n ² + 5 n – 636 = 0
4 n ² + 53 n – 48 n– 636 = 0
n (4 n + 53 ) – 12 ( 4 n + 53 ) = 0
( 4 n + 53 ) ( n – 12 ) = 0

 4 n + 53 = 0 and n – 12 = 0
4 n = – 53 n = 12
n = – 53 ( x )
4 Not possible
i.e. Required number of terms = 12 Ans

Q5. Here , a =5
a n = 45
S n = 400
n =?
d =?
Since , Sn= n (a+an )
2
 400 = n ( 5 + 45 )
2
400 = n  50
2
400 = n  25
or , n = 400
25
n = 16
Also , an=a+(n–1)d
 45 = 5 + ( 16 – 1 )  d
45 – 5 = 15  d
40 = 15  d
or , d = 40
15
d = 8
3
Hence , n = 16 and d = 8
3 Ans

Q6. Here , a = 17
d =9
a n = 350
n =?
 Sn =?
Since , an=a+(n–1)d
 350 = 17 + ( n – 1 )  9
350 – 17 = ( n – 1 )  9
333 = ( n – 1 )  9
333 = n – 1
9
37 = n – 1
37 + 1 = n
or , n = 38
Also , Sn= n (a+an )
2
 S ₃₈ = 38 ( 17 + 350 )
2
= 19  367
= 6973
Hence , n = 38 and S n = 6973 Ans

Q7. Here , d =7
a ₂₂ = 149
S ₂₂ = ?
Since , an=a+(n–1)d
 a ₂₂ = a + ( 22 – 1 ) d
149 = a + ( 22 – 1 )  7
149 = a + 21  7
149 = a + 147
149 – 147 = a
2 = a
or , a = 2
Now , Sn= n (a+an )
2
 S ₂₂ = 22 ( a + a ₂₂ )
2
= 11 ( 2 + 149 )
= 11 ( 151 )
= 1661
Hence , Required sum = 1661 Ans

Q8. Let the first term of an AP be ‘a’ and common difference be ‘d’.
Here , a ₂ = 14 ( given )
 a + ( 2 – 1 ) d = 14
[ since , a n = a + ( n – 1 ) d ]
 a + d = 14 ………… 
Also , a ₃ = 18 ( given )
 a+ 2 d = 18 ………… 
On subtracting eq  and eq  , we get
a + d = 14
a + 2 d = 18
(−) (−) (−)
− d=−4
d =4
 a + 4 = 14 ( using eq  )
a = 14 − 4
a = 10
Now ,
Sn= n [2a+(n–1)d]
2
 S ₅₁ = 51 [ 2  10 + ( 51 – 1 )  4 ]
2
= 51 [ 20 + 50  4 ]
2
= 51 [ 20 + 200 ]
2
= 51  220
2
= 51  110
= 5610

i.e. Required sum = 5610 Ans

Q9. Let the first term of an AP be ‘a’ and common difference be ‘d’.
Here , S ₇ = 49 ( given )
 n [ 2 a + ( n – 1 ) d ] = 49
2 { since , S n =n [2 a + ( n – 1 ) d ] }
2
7 [ 2 a + ( 7 – 1 ) d ] = 49
2
2 a + 6 d = 49  2
7
2 ( a + 3 d ) = 14
a+3d = 7 ………… 

Also , S ₁₇ = 289 ( given )

 n [2 a + ( n – 1 ) d ] = 289
2
 17 [ 2 a + ( 17 – 1 ) d ] = 289
2
2 a + 16 d = 289  2
17
2 ( a + 8 d ) = 34
a + 8 d = 17 ………… 
On subtracting eq  and eq  , we get
a +3d =7
a + 8 d = 17
(−) (−) (−)
− 5 d = − 10
d =2
 a + 3 (2) = 7 ( using eq  )
a +6=7
a =7−6
a =1
Now ,
Sn= n [2a+(n–1)d]
2
 Sn= n [21+(n–1)2]
2
= n [2+2n–2]
2
= n  2n
2
= n²

i.e. Required sum = n ² Ans

Q10. (i) H.W.

(ii) Here , an= 9–5n ( given )

 a₁ = 9 – 5 (1)
= 9 – 5
= 4
a₂ = 9 – 5 (2)
= 9 – 10
= –1
a₃ = 9 – 5 (3)
= 9 – 15
= –6
a₄ = 9 – 5 (4)
 = 9 – 20
= – 11
Then ,
a ₂– a ₁= – 1 – 4
= –5
a ₃ – a ₂ = – 6 – (– 1)
= –6+1
= –5
a ₄– a ₃= – 11 – (– 6)
= –6+1
= –5
 a ₂– a ₁= a ₃– a ₂=a ₄– a ₃
 it is an AP with
a= 4
d= –5
n= 15
Also ,
Sn= n [2a+(n–1)d]
2
 S ₁₅ = 15 [ 2  4 + ( 15 – 1 )  – 5 ]
2
= 15 [ 8 + 14  – 5 ]
2
= 15 [ 8 – 70 ]
2
= 15  – 62
2
= 15  – 31
= – 465
i.e. Required sum = – 465 Ans

Q11. Here , Sn= 4n–n² ( given )

 a₁ = S₁ = 4 ( 1 ) – ( 1 )²
= 4 – 1
= 1
S₂ = 4 ( 2 ) – ( 2 )²
= 8 – 4
= 4
a₂ = S₂ –S₁
= 4 – 1
= 3
 ‖ly , a₃ = S₃ –S₂
= [ 4 ( 3 ) – ( 3 )² ] – 4
= [ 12 – 9 ] – 4
= 3 – 4
= 1
a ₁₀ = S ₁₀ – S ₉
= [ 4 (10) – (10)² ] – [ 4 (9) – (9)² ]
= [ 40 – 100 ] – [ 36 – 81 ]
= [ – 60 ] – [ – 45 ]
= – 60 + 45
= – 15
and , an = S n – S n₋₁
= [ 4 n – n ² ] – [ 4 ( n–1 ) – ( n–1 ) ² ]
= 4 n – n ² – [ 4 n – 4 – ( n² – 2 n + 1 ) ]
= 4 n – n ² – [ 4 n – 4 – n² + 2 n – 1 ]
= 4 n – n ² – 4 n + 4 + n² – 2 n + 1
= –2n+5
i.e. Required sum = –2n+5 Ans

Q12. The sequence forming an AP is

6 , 12 , 18 , ……………… , to 40 terms
Here , a=6
d=6
n = 40
Now ,
Sn= n [2a+(n–1)d]
2
 S ₄₀ = 40 [ 2  6 + ( 40 – 1 )  6 ]
2
= 20 [ 12 + 39  6 ]
= 20 [ 12 + 234 ]
= 20 [ 246 ]
= 4920
i.e. Required sum = 4920 Ans

Q13. The sequence forming an AP is

8 , 16 , 24 , ……………… , to 15 terms
Here , a=8
d=8
n = 15
Now , Sn= n [2a+(n–1)d]
2
  S ₁₅ = 15 [ 2  8 + ( 15 – 1 )  8 ]
2
= 15 [ 16 + 14  8 ]
2
= 15 [ 16 + 112 ]
2
= 15 [ 128 ]
2
= 15 [ 64 ]
= 960
i.e. Required sum = 960 Ans

Q14. The sequence forming an AP is

1 , 3 , 5, 7 , ……………… , 49
Here , a=1
d=2
a n = 49
Since , an=a+(n–1)d
 49 = 1 + ( n – 1 )  2
49 – 1 = ( n – 1 )  2
48 = ( n – 1 )  2
48 = n – 1
2
24 = n – 1
24 + 1 = n
or , n = 25
Now , Sn= n (a+an )
2
 S ₂₅ = 25 ( 1 + 49 )
2
= 25 ( 50 )
2
= 25 ( 25 )
= 625
i.e. Required sum = 625 Ans

Q15. The given data is forming an AP with

a = 200
d = 50
n = 30
Sn=?
Now ,
 Sn= n [2a+(n–1)d]
2

 S ₃₀ = 30 [ 2  200 + ( 30 – 1 )  50 ]
2
= 15 [ 400 + 29  50 ]
= 15 [ 400 + 1450 ]
= 15 [ 1850 ]
= 27,750
i.e. Required penalty = Rs 27,750 Ans

Q16. The given data is forming an AP with

S n = 700
d = – 20
n=7
Since ,
Sn= n [2a+(n–1)d]
2

 700 = 7 [ 2 a + ( 7 – 1 )  – 20 ]
2
700  2 = [ 2 a + 6  – 20 ]
7
200 = 2 a – 120
200 + 120 = 2 a
320 = 2 a
or , a = 320
2
a = 160
i.e. Required value of prizes ( in Rs ) are
160 , 140 , 120 , 100 , 80 , 60 and 40 Ans

Q17. The sequence forming an AP is

13 , 23 , 33 , 43 , ……………… , to 12 terms
or , 3 , 6 , 9 , 12 , ……………… to 12 terms
Here , a=3
d=3
n = 12
Sn=?
Now ,

Sn= n [2a+(n–1)d]
2
  S ₁₂ = 12 [ 2  3 + ( 12 – 1 )  3 ]
2
= 6 [ 6 + 11  3 ]
= 6 [ 6 + 33 ]
= 6 [ 39 ]
= 234
i.e. Required plants = 234 Ans

Q18. Let l₁ , l₂ , l₃ , l₄ ,………….be the lengths of successive semi-circles with centres

at A , B , A , B , ……………. respectively.
Since , Length of semi-circle =  r

 l₁ =  ( 0.5 )
= 0.5 
l₂ = (1)
= 1
l₃ =  ( 1.5 )
= 1.5 
l₄ = (2)
= 2
Then , l ₂ – l ₁ = 1  – 0.5 
= 0.5 
l ₃ – l ₂ = 1.5  – 1 
= 0.5 
l ₄– l₃ = 2  – 1.5 
= 0.5 
 l ₂– l₁= l ₃– l₂=l ₄– l₃
 it is an A.P. with
a = 0.5 
d = 0.5 
n = 13
Now ,
Sn= n [2a+(n–1)d]
2

 S ₁₃ = 13 [ 2  0.5  + ( 13 – 1 )  0.5  ]
2
= 13 [ 1  + 12  0.5  ]
2
= 13 [ 1  + 6  ]
2
 = 13 [ 7  ]
2
= 13  7  22
2 7
= 143

i.e. Required total length = 143 cm Ans

Q19. The given data is forming an AP with

S n = 200
a = 20
d=–1
n=?
Since ,
Sn= n [2a+(n–1)d]
2
 200 = n [ 2  20 + ( n – 1 )  – 1 ]
2
200 = n [ 40 – n + 1 ]
2
200 = n [ 41 – n ]
2
400 = n [41 – n ]
400 = 41 n – n ²
or , n ² – 41 n + 400 = 0
n ² – 25 n – 16 n + 400 = 0
n ( n – 25 ) – 16 (n – 25 ) = 0
( n – 25 ) ( n – 16 ) = 0

 n – 25 = 0 and n – 16 = 0
n = 25 ( x ) n = 16
Not possible
i.e. Required number of rows = 16
Also ,
an=a+(n–1)d
 a n = 20 + ( 16 – 1 )  – 1
a n = 20 + 15  – 1
a n = 20 – 15
an=5
i.e. Required number of logs = 5 Ans

Q20. The sequence forming an AP is

25 , 2(5+3) , 2(5+3+3) , ……………… , to 10 terms
 or , 10 , 16 , 22 , ……………… to 10 terms
Here , a = 10
d=6
n = 10
Sn=?
Now ,

Sn= n [2a+(n–1)d]
2

 S ₁₀ = 10 [ 2  10 + ( 10 – 1 )  6 ]
2
= 5 [ 20 + 9  6 ]
= 5 [ 20 + 54 ]
= 5 [ 74 ]
= 370
i.e. Required distance = 370 m Ans

Number of terms Terms Common difference

2 a-d,a+d 2d

3 a-d,a,a+d d

4 a - 3d , a - d , a + d , a + 3d 2d

5 a-2d , a-d , a , a+d , a+2d d

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

Q1. Derive the formula for the n th term of an AP.

an=a+(n–1)d

Q2. Derive the formula for the sum of n terms of an AP with first term ‘a’
and common difference ‘d’.

Sn= n [2a+(n–1)d]
2

Q3. Find the sum of first n natural numbers.

Q4. Which term of an AP 20 , 19¼ , 18½ , ……………. is the first negative
term ?

Q5. How many terms of an AP 54 , 51 , 48 , ……………. must be taken to

give a sum of 513 ? Also explain the double answer.

Q6. Find the middle term of an AP 6 , 13 , 20 , ……………., 216.

Q7. Find the middle term (s) of an AP 7 , 13 , 19 , ……………., 241.

Q8. Determine the general term of an AP whose 7 th term is – 1 and

16 th term is 17.

Q9. If five times the fifth term of an AP is equal to eight times its eighth
term , show that its 13 th term is zero.

Q10. If the m th term of an AP is 1/n and n th term is 1/m , then show

that its (mn) th term is 1.

Q11. If m times the m th term of an AP is equal to n times its nth term ,

show that the (m+n) th term of an AP is zero.

Q12. In an AP , the sum of first n terms is 3 n ² + 5 n . Find its 25 th term.

2 2

Q13. If the p th term of an AP is 1/q and the q th term is 1/p , then show
that the sum of p q terms is ½ ( p q + 1 ).

Q14. The sum of n , 2 n , 3 n terms of an AP are S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ respectively.

Prove that S ₃ = 3 ( S ₂ – S ₁ ).

Q15. The ratio of the sum of n terms of two AP’s is (7 n+1) : (4 n+27).
Find the ratio of their 18 th terms.

Q16. Solve the equation : 1 + 4 + 7 + 10 + ………… + x = 287.

Q17. If 2 x , x + 10 , 3 x + 2 are in AP , find the value of x.

Q18. If the numbers a , b , c , d , e form an AP , then find the value of

a–4b+6c–4d+e.

Q19. The sum of three numbers in AP is - 3 and their product is 8 . Find

the numbers.

Q20. Find four numbers in AP whose sum is 20 and the sum of whose
squares is 120 .
Q21. Divide 32 into four parts which are in AP such that the product of
extremes to the product of means is 7 : 15 .

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS

Q1. Derive the formula for the n th term of an AP.

an=a+(n–1)d

Sol. Let the first term of an AP be ‘a’ and common difference be ‘d’.

 a₁ = a = a + ( 1– 1) d
a₂ = a + d = a + ( 2– 1) d
a₃ = a + 2 d = a + ( 3– 1) d
.
.
.
 an=a+(n–1)d
Hence Proved

Q2. Derive the formula for the sum of n terms of an AP with first term ‘a’
and common difference ‘d’.

Sn= n [2a+(n–1)d]
2

Sol. Let the sum of n terms of an AP with first term ‘a’ and common difference
‘d’ be S n.
Then , the sequence of an AP is
a , a + d , ……………. , a + ( n– 2) d , a + ( n– 1) d
Now ,
S n = a + (a + d) + ……………. + [a + ( n– 2) d] + [a + ( n– 1) d]
………… 
On writing eq  in the reverse order , we get
S n = [a + ( n– 1) d] + [a + ( n– 2) d] + ……………. + (a + d) + a
………… 
On adding eq  and eq  , we get
 S n + S n = [2 a + ( n– 1) d] + [2a + ( n– 1) d] +…………….+ n times
2 S n = [ 2 a + ( n– 1) d ]  n
or , S n = n [ 2 a + ( n– 1) d ]
2 Hence derived

Q3. Find the sum of first n natural numbers.

Sol. The sequence forming an AP is

1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , ……………. , n
Here , a=1
d=1
n=n
Now , Sn = n [ 2 a + ( n – 1) d ]
2
 Sn = n [ 2  1 + ( n – 1)  1 ]
2
= n [2+n –1]
2
= n [1+n ]
2
= n (n+1)
2
i.e. Required sum = n ( n + 1 )
2 Ans

Q4. Which term of an AP 20 , 19¼ , 18½ , ……………. is the first negative

term ?

Sol. Let the required term be n th term.

Here , a = 20
d = 77 – 20
4
= 77 – 80
4
=–3
4
Since , an  0 ( given )
a + ( n – 1) d  0
 20 + ( n – 1)  – 3  0
4
80 + ( n – 1)  – 3  0
4
80 – 3 n + 3  0
 83 – 3 n  0
– 3 n  – 83
or , 3 n  83
n  83
3
n  27 ⅔
But , the positive integer just greater 27 ⅔ than is 28.
 Required term = 28 th term Ans

Q5. How many terms of an AP 54 , 51 , 48 , ……………. must be taken to

give a sum of 513 ? Also explain the double answer.

Sol. Let the required number of terms be n.

Here , a = 54
d = 51 – 54
=–3
S n = 513
n=?
Since , Sn = n [ 2 a + ( n – 1) d ]
2
 513 = n [ 2  54 + ( n – 1 )  – 3 ]
2
513 = n [ 108 – 3 n + 3 ]
2
513 = n [ 111 – 3 n ]
2
513 = n  3 [ 37 – n ]
2
513  2 = n [ 37 – n ]
3
342 = 37 n – n ²
or , n ² – 37 n + 342 = 0
n ² – 19 n – 18 n + 342 = 0
n ( n – 19 ) – 18 (n – 19 ) = 0
(n – 19 ) ( n – 18 ) = 0

 n – 19 = 0 and n – 18 = 0
n = 19 n = 18
 Required number of terms = 18 or 19
i.e. the required double answer. Ans

Q6. Find the middle term of an AP 6 , 13 , 20 , ……………., 216.

Sol. Here , a=6
d = 13 – 6
=7
a n = 216
Since ,
a n = a + ( n – 1) d
 216 = 6 + ( n – 1)  7
216 – 6 = ( n – 1)  7
210 = ( n – 1)  7
210 = ( n – 1)  7
210 = ( n – 1)
7
30 = n – 1
30 + 1 = n
or , n = 31
 Middle term = n + 1 th term ( since , n is odd )
2
= 31 + 1 th term
2
= 16 th term
Now , a ₁₆ = a + 15 d
= 6 + 15  7
= 6 + 105
= 111 Ans

Q7. Find the middle term (s) of an AP 7 , 13 , 19 , ……………., 241.

Sol. Here , a=7

d = 13 – 7
=6
a n = 241
Since ,
a n = a + ( n – 1) d
 241 = 7 + ( n – 1)  6
241 – 7 = ( n – 1)  6
234 = ( n – 1)  6
234 = ( n – 1)
6
39 = n – 1
39 + 1 = n
or , n = 40
Since , n is even
  Middle terms = n th term and n + 1 th term
2 2
= 20 th term and 21 st term

Now , a ₂₀ = a + 19 d
= 7 + 19  6
= 7 + 114
= 121

a ₂₁ = a + 20 d
= 7 + 20  6
= 7 + 120
= 127 Ans

Q8. Determine the general term of an AP whose 7 th term is – 1 and

16 th term is 17.

Sol. Let the first term of an AP be ‘a’ and common difference be ‘d’.
Here , a₇ = –1
 a+6d = –1 ………… 
Also , a ₁₆ = 17
 a + 15 d = 17 ………… 
On subtracting eq  and eq  , we get
a +6d =–1
a + 15 d = 17
(−) (−) (−)
− 9 d = − 18
d =2
 a + 6 (2) = – 1 ( using eq  )
a + 12 = – 1
a = – 1 − 12
a = – 13
Now ,
a n = a + ( n – 1) d
 a n = – 13 + ( n – 1)  2
a n = – 13 + 2 n – 2
a n = 2 n – 15
i.e. Required general term = 2 n – 15 Ans

Q9. If five times the fifth term of an AP is equal to eight times its eighth
term , show that its 13 th term is zero.
Sol. Let the first term of an AP be ‘a’ and common difference be ‘d’.
Here , 5a₅ = 8a₈ ( given )
 5(a+4d) = 8(a+7d)
[ since , a n = a + ( n – 1) d]
5 a + 20 d = 8 a + 56 d
5 a – 8 a = 56 d – 20 d
– 3 a = 36 d
a = 36 d
–3
a = – 12 d ………… 
Now ,
a ₁₃ = a + 12 d
 = – 12 d + 12 d ( using eq  )
= 0
i.e. Required 13 th term = 0
Hence Proved

Q10. If the m th term of an AP is 1/n and n th term is 1/m , then show

that its (mn) th term is 1.

Sol. Let the first term of an AP be ‘a’ and common difference be ‘d’.
Here , am = 1/n ( given )
 a + ( m – 1) d = 1 / n
[ since , a n = a + ( n – 1) d ]
a+md–d = 1/n ………… 
Also , an = 1/m ( given )
 a + ( n – 1) d = 1 / m
[ since , a n = a + ( n – 1) d ]
a+nd–d = 1/m ………… 
On subtracting eq  and eq  , we get
a+md–d = 1/n
a+nd–d = 1/m
(−) (−) (+) (−)
m d − n d = 1/n − 1/m
d (m − n ) = m − n
mn
d = 1
mn
 a+m 1 – 1 = 1 ( using eq  )
mn mn n
a+1 – 1 = 1
n mn n
 a = 1
mn

Now , a = a + ( n – 1) d
n
 amn = 1 + ( m n – 1)  1
mn mn
= 1 +1–1
mn mn
= 1
i.e. Required ( m n ) th term = 1
Hence Proved

Q11. If m times the m th term of an AP is equal to n times its nth term ,

show that the (m+n) th term of an AP is zero.

Sol. Let the first term of an AP be ‘a’ and common difference be ‘d’.
Here , mam = nan ( given )
 m  [ a + ( m – 1) d ] = n  [ a + ( n – 1) d ]
[ since , a n = a + ( n – 1) d]
m  [ a + m d – d ] = n  [ a + n d –d ]
a m + m² d – m d = a n + n² d – n d
a m – a n = n² d – m² d + m d – n d
a(m–n) = d(n² –m²)+d(m–n)
a(m–n) = –d(m² –n²)+d(m–n)
a(m–n) = –d(m–n)(m+n)+d(m–n)
a(m–n) = (m–n)[–d(m+n)+d]
a = –md–nd+d ………… 
Now ,
a n = a + ( n – 1) d
 a m+n = a + ( m + n – 1) d
= – m d – n d + d + ( m + n – 1) d ( using eq  )
= –md–nd+d+md+nd–d
= 0
Hence Proved

Q12. In an AP , the sum of first n terms is 3 n ² + 5 n . Find its 25 th term.

2 2

Sol. Here , Sn= 3n²+5n ( given )

2 2

 S₁ = a₁ = 3 (1) ² + 5 (1)
2 2
 = 3 + 5
2 2
= 3 + 5
2
= 8
2
= 4
S₂ = 3 (2) ² + 5 (2)
2 2

= 12 + 10
2 2
= 12 + 10
2
= 22
2
= 11
a₂ = S₂ –S₁
= 11 – 4
= 7
 d = a₂ –a₁
= 7 – 4
= 3
Now , a ₂₅ = a + 24 d
= 4 + 24  3
= 4 + 72
= 76
i.e. Required 25 th term = 76 Ans

Q13. If the p th term of an AP is 1/q and the q th term is 1/p , then show
that the sum of p q terms is ½ ( p q + 1 ).

Sol. Let the first term of an AP be ‘a’ and common difference be ‘d’.
Here , ap = 1/q ( given )
 a + ( p – 1) d = 1 / q
[ since , a n = a + ( n – 1) d ]
a+pd–d = 1/q ………… 
Also , aq = 1/p ( given )
 a + ( q – 1) d = 1 / p
[ since , a n = a + ( n – 1) d ]
a+qd–d = 1/p ………… 
On subtracting eq  and eq  , we get
 a+pd–d = 1/q
a+qd–d = 1/p
(−) (−) (+) (−)
p d − q d = 1/q − 1/p
d ( p− q ) = p − q
pq
d = 1
pq

 a+p 1 – 1 = 1 ( using eq  )
pq pq q
a+1 – 1 = 1
q pq q
a = 1
pq

Now , Sn = n [ 2 a + ( n – 1) d ]
2
 S pq = pq [2 1 + ( p q – 1)  1 ]
2 pq pq
= pq [2+pq–1]
2 pq
= pq [pq+1]
2 pq
= 1 ( pq+1)
2 Hence Proved

Q14. The sum of n , 2 n , 3 n terms of an AP are S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ respectively.

Prove that S ₃ = 3 ( S ₂ – S ₁ ).

Sol. Let the first term of an AP be ‘a’ and common difference be ‘d’.
Since , Sn = n [ 2 a + ( n – 1) d ]
2
 S₁ = n [ 2 a + ( n – 1) d ] ………… 
2
Similarly , S₂ = 2n [ 2 a + ( 2 n – 1) d ] ………… 
2
and , S₃ = 3n [ 2 a + ( 3 n – 1) d ] ………… 
2
Now , RHS = 3 ( S ₂ – S ₁ )
= 3 { 2n [ 2 a + ( 2 n – 1) d ] – n [ 2 a + ( n – 1) d ] }
2 2
( using eq  and  )
 = 3n { 2 [ 2 a + ( 2 n – 1) d ] – [ 2 a + ( n – 1) d ] }
2
= 3n { 4 a + ( 4 n – 2) d – 2 a – ( n – 1) d }
2
= 3n { 2 a + ( 4 n – 2) d – ( n – 1) d }
2
= 3n { 2 a + ( 4 n – 2 – n + 1) d }
2
= 3n [ 2 a + ( 3 n – 1) d ]
2
= S₃ ( using eq  )
= LHS
Hence Proved

Q15. The ratio of the sum of n terms of two AP’s is (7 n+1) : (4 n+27).
Find the ratio of their 18 th terms.

Sol. Let a ₁ , a ₂ be the first terms and d ₁ , d ₂ be the common differences of

two AP’s.
Let S n and S n  be their sums. Then ,

Sn = 7n+1 ( given )
Sn 4 n + 27
n [ 2 a ₁ + ( n – 1) d ₁ ] = 7n+1
2 4 n + 27
n [ 2 a ₂ + ( n – 1) d ₂ ]
2
2 a ₁ + ( n – 1) d ₁ = 7n+1
2 a ₂ + ( n – 1) d ₂ 4 n + 27
On replacing n by (2  18 – 1) i.e. 35 , we get
2 a ₁ + ( 35 – 1) d ₁ = 7  35 + 1
2 a ₂ + ( 35 – 1) d ₂ 4  35 + 27
2 a ₁ + 34 d ₁ = 245 + 1
2 a ₂ + 34 d ₂ 140 + 27
2 (a ₁ + 17 d ₁) = 246
2 (a ₂ + 17 d ₂) 167
a ₁ + 17 d ₁ = 246
a ₂ + 17 d ₂ 167
 a ₁₈ = 246 [ since , a n = a + ( n – 1) d ]

a ₁₈  167
i.e. Required ratio = 246 : 167 Ans
Q16. Solve the equation : 1 + 4 + 7 + 10 + ………… + x = 287.

Sol. Let there be n terms in an AP.

Here , a=1
d=4–1
=3
an=x

Since , a n = a + ( n – 1) d
 x = 1 + ( n – 1)  3
x = 1+3n–3
x = 3n–2 ………… 
Now ,
1 + 4 + 7 + 10 + ………… + x = 287
 n ( 1 + x ) = 287 [ since , S n = n (a + a n) ]
2 2
n ( 1 + 3 n – 2 ) = 287 ( using eq  )
2
n ( 3 n – 1 ) = 287
2
3 n ² – n = 574
or , 3 n ² – n – 574 = 0
3 n ² – 42 n + 41 n – 574 = 0
3 n ( n – 14 ) + 41 ( n – 14 ) = 0
( n – 14 ) ( 3 n + 41 ) = 0

 n – 14 = 0 and 3 n + 41 = 0
n = 14 3 n = – 41
n = – 41 ( х ) Not possible
3
On putting n = 14 in eq  , we get
x = 3  14 – 2
x = 42 – 2
x = 40 Ans

Q17. If 2 x , x + 10 , 3 x + 2 are in AP , find the value of x.

Sol. Since 2 x , x + 10 , 3 x + 2 are in AP

 ( x + 10 ) – 2 x = ( 3 x + 2 ) – ( x + 10 )
( since , common difference is same )
x + 10 – 2 x = 3 x + 2 – x – 10
– x + 10 = 2 x – 8
– x – 2 x = – 8 – 10
 – 3 x = – 18
x = 6 Ans

Q18. If the numbers a , b , c , d , e form an AP , then find the value of

a–4b+6c–4d+e.

Sol. Let the common difference of an AP be ‘D’.

 b=a+D
c=a+2D
d=a+3D
e=a+4D
Now ,
a–4b+6c–4d+e
= a – 4 (a + D) + 6 (a + 2 D) – 4 (a + 3 D) + (a + 4 D)
= a – 4 a – 4 D + 6 a + 12 D – 4 a – 12 D + a + 4 D
= a–4a+6a–4a+a
= 8a–8a
= 0
i.e. Required value = 0 Ans

Q19. The sum of three numbers in AP is - 3 and their product is 8 . Find

the numbers.

Sol. Let the required numbers be a – d , a and a + d.

Now accordingly ,
a – d + a + a + d = –3
3a = –3
a = –1
Also , (a – d)  a  (a + d) = 8
a(a² – d²) = 8
 – 1  [ (– 1) ² – d ² ] = 8 ( since , a = – 1)
–1[1 – d²] = 8
–1 + d² = 8
d² = 8 + 1
d² = 9
d =  3
i.e. the required numbers are
– 4 , – 1 and 2 or 2 , – 1 and – 4. Ans

Q20. Find four numbers in AP whose sum is 20 and the sum of whose
squares is 120 .

Sol. Let the required numbers be a – 3 d , a – d , a + d and a + 3 d .

Now accordingly ,
 (a – 3 d) + (a – d) + (a + d) + (a + 3 d) = 20
a – 3 d + a – d + a + d + a + 3 d = 20
4 a = 20
a = 5

Also , (a – 3 d) ² + (a – d) ² + (a + d) ² + (a + 3 d) ² = 120
a² – 6ad + 9d² + a² – 2ad + d² + a² + 2ad + d² + a² + 6ad +
9d² = 120
[since , (a – b)²= a² – 2ab + b² , (a + b)²= a² + 2ab + b² ]
a² + 9d² + a² + d² + a² + d² + a² + 9d² = 120
4 a ² + 20 d ² = 120
4 ( a ² + 5d ² ) = 120
a ² + 5 d ² = 30
 ( 5 ) ² + 5 d ² = 30 ( since , a = 5 )
25 + 5 d ² = 30
5 d ² = 30 – 25
5d² = 5
d² = 1
d =  1
i.e. the required numbers are
2 , 4 , 6 and 8 or 8 , 6 , 4 and 2. Ans

Q21. Divide 32 into four parts which are in AP such that the product of
extremes to the product of means is 7 : 15 .

Sol. Let the required parts be a – 3 d , a – d , a + d and a + 3 d .

Now accordingly ,
(a – 3 d) + (a – d) + (a + d) + (a + 3 d) = 32
a – 3 d + a – d + a + d + a + 3 d = 32
4 a = 32
a = 8
Also ,
(a–3d)(a+3d) = 7
(a–d)(a+ d) 15
a²–9d² = 7
a²–d² 15 [since , (a – b) (a + b) = a² – b²]
15 (a ² – 9 d ² ) = 7 (a ² – d ² )
15 a ² – 135 d ² = 7 a ² – 7 d ²
15 a ² – 7 a ² = 135 d ² – 7 d ²
8 a ² = 128 d ²
a ² = 16 d ²
 ( 8 ) ² = 16 d ² ( since , a = 8 )
64 = 16 d ²
or , 16 d ² = 64
d² = 4
d =  2
i.e. the required parts are
2 , 6 , 10 and 14 or 14 , 10 , 6 and 2. Ans

The **************** End