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Light Reflection and Refraction
1.Define the principal focus of a concave mirror.
Answer: The number of rays parallel to the principal axis are falling on a concave mirror
which meat at a point is called principal focus of the concave mirror
2.The radius of curvature of a spherical mirror is 20 cm. What is its focal length?
Answer:
R = 2f Here R = 20 cm
∴ f=20/2=10
20 = 2f
∴ Focal length = 10 cm.
3.Name a mirror that can give an erect and enlarged image of an object.
Answer: Concave mirror
4.Why do we prefer a convex mirror as a rear-view mirror in vehicles?
Answer:
Because these mirrors are fitted on the sides of the vehicle, enabling the driver to see traffic
behind him/her to facilitate safe driving.
5. Find the focal length of a convex mirror whose radius of curvature is 32 cm.
Answer:
Radius of curvature, R = 32 cm
Radius of curvature = 2f
∴ Convex mirror focal length is = 16cm
R=2f=R/2=32/2=16
6.A concave mirror produces three times magnified (enlarged) real image of an object placed
at 10 cm in front of it. Where is the image located?
Answer:
M=Height of image/Height of object
=hi/h0=−u/v
Let the height of object be h then height of image h = – 3h
∴ Distance of object, u = – 10 cm
=3h/h=−v/u=v/u=3
v = 3 × (10) = – 30 cm
Here – sign indicates, image is real and it is 30 cm in front of concave mirror.
7.A ray of light traveling in air enters obliquely into water. Does the light ray bend towards
the normal or away from the normal? Why?
Answer: Lightray bend towards normal. Because when a ray of light enters from rearer
medium to denser medium, it changes its direction in the second medium.
8.Light enters from air to glass having refractive index 1.50. What is the speed of light in the
glass ? The speed of light in vaccum is 3 108 ms-1
Answer: Refractive index, nm
=Velocityoflightinvaccum/RefractiveIndexofglass
=3×108/1.50=2×108m/s
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9.Find out, from Tabel 10.3, the medium having highest optical density. Also find the
medium with lowest optical density.
Answer:
Diamond is having highest optical density.
Air is having lowest optical density.
10.You are given kerosene, turpentine and water. In which of these does the light travel
fastest ? Use the information given in Table 10.3
Answer:
Light travel faster in water because Refractive index of water is lesser than kerosene and
turpentine.
11.The refractive index of diamond is 2.42. What is the meaning of this statement?
Answer:
It means Ratio of velocity of light in air and velocity of air in diamond is 2.42.
13.Define 1 dioptre of power of a lens.
Answer: 1 dioptre is the power of lens whose focal length is 1 metre 1 D = 1 m-114. A convex
lens forms a real and inverted image of a needle at a distance of 50 cm from it. Where is the
needle placed in front of the convex lens if the image is equal to the size of the object? Also,
find the power of the lens.
Answer:
Image of Needle is real and inverted means this is real image it is 2f
Image is at a distance of 50 cm
Hence needle is kept 50 cm in front of convex lens.
Distance of object, u = – 50 cm.
Distance of image v = 50 cm
Focal length f = ?
As per lens formula.
f = 25 cm = 0.25 m
Power of the lens
Power of the lens P = + 4D.
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KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Science Chapter 10 Textbook Exercises
1.Which one of the following materials cannot be used to make a lens?
(a) Water (b) Glass (c) Plastic (d) Clay
Answer: (d) Clay.
2.The image formed by a concave mirror is observed to be virtual, erect and larger than the
object. Where should be the position of the object?
(a) Between the principal focus and the centre of curvature
(b) At the centre of curvature
(c) Beyond the centre of curvature
(d) Between the pole of the mirror and its principal focus.
Answer: (d) Between the pole of the mirror and its principal focus.
3.Where should an object be placed in front of a convex lens to get a real image of the size of
the object?
(a) At the principal focus of the lens (b) At twice the focal length
(c) At infinity (d) Between the optical centre of the lens and its principal focus.
Answer: (b) At twice the focal length.
4.A spherical mirror and a thin spherical lens have each a focal length of -15 cm. The mirror
and the lens are likely to be
(a) both concave. (b) both convex.
(c) the mirror is concave and the lens is convex.
(d) the mirror is convex, but the lens is concave.
Answer: (a) both concave.
5.Which of the following lenses would you prefer to use while reading small letters found in
a dictionary?
(a) A convex lens of focal length 50 cm. (b) A concave lens of focal length 50 cm.
(c) A convex lens of focal length 5 cm. (d) A concave lens of focal length 5 cm.
Answer: (c) A convex lens of focal length 5cm.
6 .We wish to obtain an erect image of an object, using a concave mirror of focal length 15
cm. What should be the range of distance of the object from the mirror?
7.What is the nature of the image? Is the image larger or smaller than the object?
Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation in this case.
Answer:
Distance of the object = o to 15 cm
Nature of image = virtual, erect and bigger than object
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8.Name the type of mirror used in the following situations.
(a) Headlights of a car. (b) Side/rear-view mirror of a vehicle.
(c) Solar furnace.
Support your answer with reason.
Answer:
(a) Concave mirrors are used as reflectors in headlights of cars. When a bulb is located at the
focus of the concave mirror, the light rays after reflection from the mirror travel over a large
distance as a parallel beam of high intensity.
(b) A convex mirror is used as a side/ rear-view mirror of a vehicle because,
A convex mirror always forms an erect, virtual, and diminished image of an object
placed anywhere in front of it.
A convex mirror has a wider field of view than a plane mirror of the same size.
(c) Large concave mirrors are used to concentrate sunlight to produce heat in solar furnaces.
9.One-half of a convex lens is covered with a black paper. Will this lens produce a complete
image of the object? Verify your answer experimentally. Explain your observations.
Answer:
This lens gives full image, though one-half of this lens is covered with black paper as shown
in below figure.
As shown in figure light ray moves in half part and image is formed in another part of the
lens.
If black paper is covered in lower part: Following figure explain this
10.An object 5 cm in length is held 25 cm away from a converging lens of focal length 10
cm. Draw the ray diagram and find the position, size and the nature of the image formed.
Answer:
Height of object, h = 5 cm
Distance of object from converging lens u = 25 cm
Focal length of lens f = 10 cm
As per lens formula 1/v−1/u=1/f
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Converging lens, h1/h0=v/u
= – 3.3 cm
Images is inverted and it is formed it is formed behind the lens about 16.7 cm. Its height is
3.3 cm.
Diagram is as follows:
11.A concave lens of focal length 15 cm forms an image 10 cm from the lens. How far is the
object placed from the lens? Draw the ray diagram.
Answer:
Focal length (F1) of concave lens
f = 15 cm
Image distance, v = – 10 cm
As per lens formula
u = -30 cm
Negative sign indicates, image is front of the lens about 30 cm.
12. An object is placed at a distance of 10 cm from a convex mirror of focal length 15 cm.
Find the position and nature of the image.
Answer:
Focal length of convex mirror,
f = +15 cm
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Object distance, u = -10 cm
As per lens formula
Magnification =v/u=−6/−10=0.6
Virtual image is formed at the distance of 6 cm and it is erect.
13. The magnification produced by a plane mirror is +1. What does this mean?
Answer:
The positive [+] sign of magnification [m] indicates that the image is virtual and erect. The
magnification m = 1 indicates that the image is of the same size as the object. Thus, the
magnification of +1 produced by a plane mirror means the image formed in a plane mirror is
virtual, erect and of the same size as the object.
14.An object 5.0 cm in length is placed at a distance of 20 cm in front of a convex mirror of
radius of curvature 30 cm. Find the position of the image, its nature and size.
Answer:
Object distance, u = 20 cm
Height of object h = 5 cm
Radius of curvature R = 30 cm
R = 2f, f = 15 cm
As per mirror formula
Positive sign indicates image is formed behind the mirror
Magnification =Image distance/Object distance
=−8.57/−20=0.428
Image is behind the mirror because magnification is positive
Magnification = Image distance/Object distance
=h1/h
h1 = m × h = 0.428 × 5 = 2.14 cm
15.An object of size 7.0 cm is placed at 27 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 18
cm. At what distance from the mirror should a screen be placed so that a sharply focussed
image can be obtained? Find the size and nature of the image.
Answer:
Objective distance, u = 27 cm
Object height, h = 7 cm
Focal length, f = 30 cm
R = 2f, f = -18 cm
As per mirror formula
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Screen should be placed in front of mirror at the distance of = 54 cm
Negative sign of magnification indicates image is real Magnification,
h1 = 7 × (2) = -14 cm
Image is inverted because of negative sign.
16.Find the focal length of a lens of power – 2.0 D. What type of lens is this?
Answer:
Power of lens, P =1/f
P = -2D
f =−1/2=−0.5cm
Negative sign indicates this is concave lens.
17.A doctor has prescribed a corrective lens of power +1.5 D. Find the focal length of the
lens. Is the prescribed lens diverging or converging?
Answer:
Power of lens, P =1/f
P = 1.5 D
F =1/1.5=10/15=0.66m
This is converging lens means convex lens.
