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Part A Communication Systems Answers

The document provides an answer key for communication systems, covering topics such as modulation, demodulation techniques, and signal processing concepts. Key definitions include modulation's role in signal transmission, the limitations of square law demodulators, and the importance of the sampling theorem. It also explains various modulation techniques like PAM, PCM, and QAM, as well as concepts like Hamming distance and inter-symbol interference.

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4 views2 pages

Part A Communication Systems Answers

The document provides an answer key for communication systems, covering topics such as modulation, demodulation techniques, and signal processing concepts. Key definitions include modulation's role in signal transmission, the limitations of square law demodulators, and the importance of the sampling theorem. It also explains various modulation techniques like PAM, PCM, and QAM, as well as concepts like Hamming distance and inter-symbol interference.

Uploaded by

ragul120r
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Part A - Communication Systems (Answer Key)

1. What is the need for modulation?

Modulation is needed to:

- Transmit signals over long distances.

- Reduce antenna size by increasing frequency.

- Avoid signal interference (multiplexing).

- Improve signal quality and reduce noise impact.

2. What is the limitation of a Square Law Demodulator for amplitude demodulation?

Square Law Demodulators:

- Are non-linear and inefficient at low signal levels.

- Work only with high carrier amplitudes.

- Have poor performance with weak or noisy signals.

3. Define Sampling Theorem.

The Sampling Theorem states that:

A continuous-time signal can be completely represented by its samples and reconstructed if it is

sampled at a rate at least twice its highest frequency component (Nyquist rate).

4. What is PAM?

PAM (Pulse Amplitude Modulation) is a modulation technique where the amplitude of regularly

spaced pulses is varied in proportion to the instantaneous values of the analog signal.

5. What is Pulse code modulation?

PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) is a digital representation of an analog signal where the signal is

sampled, quantized, and encoded into a binary format.

6. Define Hamming distance.

Hamming distance is the number of bit positions in which two binary code words differ. It is used to

measure error-detecting and error-correcting capabilities of codes.

7. Define QAM.
QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) is a modulation technique that combines amplitude and

phase modulation. It uses two carrier waves 90° out of phase to carry two different signals

simultaneously.

8. How does the convolution code differ from block codes?

Block Codes encode data in fixed-size blocks independently.

Convolutional Codes encode data as streams, using memory and previous input bits to determine

output, offering better error correction for continuous data.

9. What is inter-symbol interference?

Inter-symbol Interference (ISI) is a form of distortion where one symbol interferes with subsequent

symbols. It occurs due to channel bandwidth limitations or multipath propagation, causing difficulty in

symbol detection.

10. What is coherent detection?

Coherent detection is a demodulation technique where the receiver uses a reference carrier wave

(with known phase and frequency) to extract the modulated signal accurately.

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