Here are brief descriptions of the two main types of computer
graphics:
1. Raster Graphics:
2. - Made up of pixels (tiny dots)
3. - Images are stored as a grid of pixel values
4. - Examples: photographs, digital paintings
5. - Can be scaled, but may lose quality
2. Vector Graphics:
3. - Made up of lines, curves, and shapes
4. - Images are stored as mathematical equations
5. - Examples: logos, icons, illustrations
6. - Can be scaled without losing quality
Here's a brief overview:
Bit Depth: The number of bits used to represent the color of each
pixel.
Number of Possible Colors: The maximum number of colors that can be
displayed.
Here are some common bit depths and their corresponding number of possible
colors:
- 1- bit: 2 colors (monochrome)
- - 4- bit*: 16 colors
- - *8- bit*: 256 colors
- - *16- bit*: 65,536 colors
- - *24- bit*: 16,777,216 colors (truecolor)
- - *32- bit*: 4,294,967,296 colors (includes alpha channel for transparency)
Here's a brief overview of resolution in monitors and printers:
*Monitor Resolution:*
- Measured in pixels (horizontal x vertical)
- - Common resolutions:
- - HD (1280x720)
- - Full HD (1920x1080)
- - Quad HD (2560x1440)
- - 4K (3840x2160)
- - Higher resolution means sharper and more detailed images
*Printer Resolution:*
- Measured in dots per inch (DPI)
- - Common resolutions:
- - Low- end: 300- 600 DPI
- - Mid- range: 1200- 2400 DPI
- - High- end: 4800- 9600 DPI
- - Higher resolution means more detailed and precise prints
Here are some common raster graphics formats:
1. *BMP (Bitmap)*: Uncompressed, widely supported
2. 2. *JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)*: Compressed, ideal for
photographs
3. 3. *PNG (Portable Network Graphics)*: Compressed, supports
transparency
4. 4. *GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)*: Compressed, supports animation
5. 5. *TIFF (Tagged Image File Format)*: Uncompressed, high- quality images
These formats are widely used for:
- Digital photography
- - Web graphics
- - Social media
- - Printing
- - Editing software
Here are some key features of the JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
format:
*Advantages:*
1. *Compression*: JPEG uses lossy compression, reducing file size while maintaining acceptable image
quality.
2. 2. *Wide support*: JPEG is widely supported by web browsers, image editing software, and devices.
3. 3. *Photographic images*: JPEG is ideal for compressing photographic images, as it preserves color and
detail.
*Disadvantages:*
1. *Lossy compression*: JPEG discards some image data, which can lead to degradation of image quality.
2. 2. *Not suitable for graphics*: JPEG is not ideal for compressing graphics, logos, or images with text, as it can
introduce artifacts.
*Uses:*
1. 1. Digital photography*
2. 2. *Web images*
3. 3. *Social media*
4. 4. *Printing* (at high quality settings)
Here are some key features of the GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) format:
*Advantages:*
1. *Animation*: GIF supports animation, making it popular for memes, graphics, and short videos.
2. 2. *Compression*: GIF uses lossless compression, reducing file size without sacrificing image quality.
3. 3. *Transparency*: GIF supports transparent backgrounds, making it ideal for graphics and logos.
*Disadvantages:*
1. *Limited colors*: GIF is limited to 256 colors, which can lead to banding and artifacts.
2. 2. *Not suitable for photographs*: GIF's color limitations make it less suitable for compressing photographic images.
*Uses:*
1. *Animated graphics*
2. 2. *Memes*
3. 3. *Logos*
4. 4. *Web graphics*
5. 5. *Social media*
Here are some key features of the PNG (Portable Network
Graphics) format:
*Advantages:*
1. *Lossless compression*: PNG uses lossless compression, preserving image
quality.
2. 2. *Transparency*: PNG supports transparent backgrounds, making it ideal for graphics and
logos.
3. 3. *High color depth*: PNG supports up to 16 million colors, making it suitable for photographic
images.
*Disadvantages:*
1. *Larger file size*: PNG files can be larger than JPEG or GIF files, due to lossless compression.
2. 2. *Not suitable for printing*: PNG is optimized for screen display, not printing.
*Uses:*
1. *Web graphics*
2. 2. *Logos*
3. 3. *Icons*
4. 4. *Infographics*
5. 5. *Digital images* (when quality is paramount)
Here are some key features of vector graphics:
*Advantages:*
1. *Scalability*: Vector graphics can be scaled up or down without losing quality.
2. 2. *Editability*: Vector graphics can be easily edited and modified.
3. 3. *Precision*: Vector graphics are precise and accurate, making them ideal for technical
illustrations.
4. 4. *Small file size*: Vector graphics typically have smaller file sizes compared to raster
graphics.
*Disadvantages:*
1. *Limited realism*: Vector graphics can lack the realism and detail of raster graphics.
2. 2. *Steep learning curve*: Creating complex vector graphics requires skill and experience.
Uses:
1. 1. Logos
2. 2. Icons
3. 3. Graphics
4. 4. Illustrations
5. 5. Typography
6. 6. Technical drawings
7. 7. Infographics
Common Vector Graphics Formats:
1. 1. SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)
2. 2. EPS (Encapsulated PostScript)
3. 3. AI (Adobe Illustrator)
4. 4. CDR (CorelDRAW)
Here are some common graphics editor color models:
1. 1. RGB (Red, Green, Blue): Additive color model used for digital displays.
2. 2. CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black): Subtractive color model used for printing.
3. 3. HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value): Color model based on human perception of color.
4. 4. HSL (Hue, Saturation, Lightness): Similar to HSV, but with lightness instead of value.
5. 5. Grayscale: Monochromatic color model with shades of gray.
These color models are used in various graphics editors, including:
1. Adobe Photoshop
2. 2. Adobe Illustrator
3. 3. CorelDRAW
4. 4. Sketch
5. 5. GIMP
Here are some basic color terminology:
1. 1. Hue: The actual color (e.g., red, blue, green).
2. 2. Saturation: The intensity or brightness of a color (e.g., bright red, pale blue).
3. 3. Value: The lightness or darkness of a color (e.g., light gray, dark brown).
4. 4. Tint: A color with white added (e.g., pink is a tint of red).
5. 5. Shade: A color with black added (e.g., dark blue is a shade of blue).
6. 6. Tone: A color with gray added (e.g., a tone of red is a mix of red and gray).
7. 7. Chroma: The purity or intensity of a color (e.g., a highly chromatic color is bright and vivid).
8. 8. Monochromatic: A color scheme using different shades of the same color.
