**Introduction to Graphics**
Graphics are visual images or designs used to inform, illustrate, or
entertain. In computer science, graphics refer to images or animations
created using computers. Graphics are widely used in games, movies,
advertisements, and educational materials.
Bitmap graphics, also known as raster graphics, are a type of digital
image composed of a grid of individual pixels. Each pixel contains color
information, and when viewed together, these pixels form the complete
image. Bitmap graphics are widely used in digital photography, web
graphics, and other applications where detailed images are required.
#### **Types of Graphics**
1. **Raster Graphics**:
- Made up of pixels (tiny dots).
- Examples: JPEG, PNG, GIF.
- Quality depends on resolution.
2. **Vector Graphics**:
- Made up of paths, lines, and shapes.
- Examples: SVG, AI.
- Scalable without losing quality.
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#### **Graphic Software**
1. **Raster Graphic Software**:
- Adobe Photoshop
- GIMP (Free and Open Source)
2. **Vector Graphic Software**:
- Adobe Illustrator
- Inkscape (Free and Open Source)
---
#### **Basic Tools in Graphic Software**
1. **Selection Tools**:
- Used to select parts of an image.
- Examples: Rectangular Select, Lasso Tool.
2. **Drawing Tools**:
- Used to draw shapes and lines.
- Examples: Brush, Pencil, Shape Tools.
3. **Color Tools**:
- Used to fill or change colors.
- Examples: Paint Bucket, Gradient Tool.
4. **Text Tools**:
- Used to add text to images.
5. **Transformation Tools**:
- Used to resize, rotate, or flip images.
---
#### **File Formats for Graphics**
1. **JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)**:
- Lossy compression, suitable for photographs.
2. **PNG (Portable Network Graphics)**:
- Lossless compression, supports transparency.
3. **GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)**:
- Supports animation and transparency.
4. **SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)**:
- Vector format, scalable without losing quality.
---
#### **Important Questions and Answers**
**1. What is the difference between raster and vector graphics?**
- **Raster Graphics**: Made of pixels, resolution-dependent, suitable for
photographs.
- **Vector Graphics**: Made of paths and shapes, resolution-independent,
suitable for logos and illustrations.
**2. Name two raster and two vector graphic software.**
- Raster: Adobe Photoshop, GIMP
- Vector: Adobe Illustrator, Inkscape
**3. What is the use of the selection tool in graphic software?**
- The selection tool is used to select a specific part of an image for editing,
copying, or moving.
**4. Which file format supports transparency?**
- PNG and GIF support transparency.
**5. What is the advantage of using vector graphics?**
- Vector graphics are scalable without losing quality, making them ideal
for logos and illustrations.
**6. What is the purpose of the text tool in graphic software?**
- The text tool is used to add and edit text in an image or design.
**7. Why is JPEG not suitable for images with text or sharp edges?**
- JPEG uses lossy compression, which can cause artifacts and blurriness in
images with text or sharp edges.
**8. What is the difference between the brush tool and the pencil tool?**
- The brush tool creates soft-edged strokes, while the pencil tool creates
hard-edged strokes.
**9. What is the use of the gradient tool?**
- The gradient tool is used to fill an area with a smooth transition between
two or more colors.
**10. What is the importance of graphics in computer science?**
- Graphics are used in various fields like gaming, animation, web design,
and education to communicate ideas visually and enhance user
experience.
