Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures: A Practical Approach IBRAHIM ARMAN

Chapter 7: One Way Slab Systems

This chapter introduces the analysis and design of one-way slab systems; solid and ribbed in
addition to beam- girder systems. Voided slabs are considered implicitly.

In one-way slabs, the load is assumed to be transferred in one direction. Usually, one-way
slabs are concrete structures for which the ratio of the long span to the short span equals or
exceeds a value of 2, when this ratio is less than 2, the floor panel becomes two-way slab.
Pure one-way slabs are available when there are supports in one direction only or when the
section moment of inertia in a direction is very large comparing with the section moment of
inertia in the perpendicular direction, otherwise, all slabs can be treated as two way.

7.1 One-way solid slabs:

7.1.1 Basic principles:

A. A one-way solid slab is designed as singly reinforced 1000mm wide beam strip using the
same design and analysis procedure for singly reinforced beams.
B. One-way solid slabs usually have a thickness that is adequate for shear strength; no shear
reinforcement is used; 𝑉𝑉𝑢𝑢 ≤ ∅𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐 . Generally, shear reinforcement can be used.
C. Transverse reinforcement has to be provided perpendicular to the direction of bending in
order to resist shrinkage, temperature stresses and load distribution which is 0.0018𝐴𝐴𝑔𝑔 ,
where 𝐴𝐴𝑔𝑔 is the gross sectional area.
D. Preliminary thickness of one-way slabs and beams can be determined using ACI 318-19
code provisions (Minimum thickness of slabs and beams).
E. The exterior beams have L-sections and the interior beams have T-sections. The section
effective width (flange width) for flexure is stated in ACI 318-19 code section 6.3.2.

F. Structural modeling:

Beams and slabs can be modeled as one-dimensional structures (line structure). Here, the
slab and the beam are modeled as line (frame member) and with pined or hinged supports.
In this model, the end moments (exterior negative moments) are equal to zero. Note that,
here, torsion on beams is not considered, it will be discussed in next chapters.

The slab and the beams are casted monolithically, so torsion will develop in beams as the slab
rotates under load, especially edge beams.

Column strips in one-way slabs exist when the slab is modeled as a three-dimensional
structure; space frame. The slab strips which are aligned at column lines will have larger
internal forces.

G. Beam size: For the initial analysis- design cycle, preliminary member sizes can be selected
on prior experience with similar floor systems. Total beams depth, h, are typically in the range

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of L/18 to L/12, where L is the span length center to center of supports (other than cantilever).
One may use bw= 0.5 h for typical drop beams. Beam width shall be not less than 200mm for
practical purposes. Beam width can be equal to about L/20, where L is the span length. In
seismic special frames, width of beam, bw, shall be at least 0.3 section thickness, h, and
250mm and its projection beyond the supporting column shall not exceed the lesser of c2 and
0.75c1. C1 is the width of column in direction of beam and c2 is the transverse width of column.

Beam size is controlled by:

1. Deflection criteria (Code limitations, deflection calculations)

2. Flexural design (economical section, steel ratio = 0.01-0.014, singly reinforced

section)

3. Shear design

4. Architectural purposes

Beams can be dropped or inverted with different shapes.

H. Distribution of flexural reinforcement in beams and one- way slabs:

The flexural reinforcement shall be distributed to control flexural cracking. The spacing of
reinforcement closest to the tension face, s, shall not exceed that given by:

280 280
𝑠𝑠 = 380 � � − 2.5𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ≤ 300 � �
𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑠

Where:

f = calculated tensile stress in reinforcement at service loads, MPa (refer to working design
s
2
method). It shall be permitted to take 𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑠 = 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦 .
3

𝐶𝐶𝑐𝑐 = the least distance from surface of flexural reinforcement to the tension face.

Generally, the maximum spacing of reinforcing bars is 250mm and 150mm in slabs and beams
respectively.

According to ACI 318-19 Section (7.7.2), the maximum spacing between bars in one-way solid
slabs is the smaller of 3h and 450mm and the maximum spacing of shrinkage steel shall be
the smaller of 5h and 450mm. Where h is the slab thickness.

I. Structural integrity:

• Longitudinal structural integrity reinforcement consisting of at least one-quarter of

the maximum positive moment reinforcement shall be continuous.

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• Longitudinal structural integrity reinforcement at noncontinuous supports shall be

anchored to develop 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦 at the face of the support.
• If splices are necessary in continuous structural integrity reinforcement, the
reinforcement shall be spliced near supports. Splices shall be mechanical or welded in
accordance with 25.5.7 or Class B tension lap splices in accordance with 25.5.2.

More details on structural integrity can be found in chapter 5.

7.1.2 Example: One-way solid slab

Given:

Concrete, f’c= 24MPa.

Steel, fy= 420MPa.

Superimposed dead load, WSD= 4.5kN/m2.

Live load, WL= 2.5kN/m2.

Perimeter wall weight= 21kN/m.

All columns are 300x600mm.

Design the slab strip and draw the structural models for all required beams.

Figure 7.1: Columns layout

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Solution:

Analysis and design steps for one-way slab systems:

1. Structural system and beams layout.

2. Slab thickness.
3. Loads (slab load kN/m2, wall weight).
4. Analysis and design of slab strips.
5. Analysis of beams using preliminary dimensions.
6. Design of beams.
7. Structural drawings.

Notes: 1. Here, no torsion is considered.

2. It is considered that a strip represents the whole slab. In reality, a slab strip at
column lines has larger moments than strips between column lines.

3. Beams parallel to slab strip carry no load from the slab.

Step 1: Slab system

- One-way solid slab.

- Beams are distributed in y- direction (to have the smallest slab thickness).

Step 2: Slab thickness

𝐿𝐿 5.0
ℎ𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = = = 0.21𝑚𝑚
24 24

Try h= 200mm

Step 3: Loads

Slab own weight, WD= 0.20(25kN/m3)= 5kN/m2

ultimate load on the slab, Wu1= 1.4(WD +WSD)

or Wu2= 1.2(WD+WSD)+1.6WL

which is larger

Wu1= 1.4(5+4.5)= 13.3kN/m2

Wu2= 1.2(5+4.5)+1.6(2.5)= 15.4kN/m2

Use Wu= 15.4kN/m2

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Step 4: Slab analysis and design

A one-meter strip perpendicular to the supporting beams can be taken to represent the whole
slab.

Assume that width of supporting beams= 0.3m.

Clear span for the slab, 𝐿𝐿𝑛𝑛 = 5 − 0.3 = 4.7𝑚𝑚.

Figure 7.2: Beams layout

Main beams which are B1 and B2 are in y-direction.

B3; the perimeter beam is used to carry the external wall.

B1: Carries its own weight + load from slab + wall weight

B2: Carries its own weight + load from slab

B3: Carries its own weight + wall weight

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Figure 7.3: Structural model of slab

Figure 7.4: Shear envelope of slab

The slab thickness shall be adequate to resist shear.

Check slab for shear:

The maximum ultimate shear force at face of support (Beam) is given by:

𝐿𝐿𝑛𝑛 4.7
𝑉𝑉𝑢𝑢 = 1.15𝑤𝑤𝑢𝑢 = 1.15(15.4) = 41.6𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
2 2

ACI 318-19:

Effective depth of slab= 200-40=160mm.

𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐 can be calculated by:

𝐴𝐴𝑣𝑣 𝐴𝐴𝑣𝑣
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝐴𝐴𝑣𝑣 ≥ 𝐴𝐴𝑣𝑣.𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 (𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 ≥ � � ) 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜:
𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

𝑁𝑁𝑢𝑢 𝑁𝑁𝑢𝑢
𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐 = �0.17𝜆𝜆�𝑓𝑓′𝑐𝑐 + � 𝑏𝑏 𝑑𝑑 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐 = �0.66𝜆𝜆(𝜌𝜌𝑤𝑤 )1/3 �𝑓𝑓′𝑐𝑐 + � 𝑏𝑏 𝑑𝑑
6𝐴𝐴𝑔𝑔 𝑤𝑤 6𝐴𝐴𝑔𝑔 𝑤𝑤

𝐴𝐴𝑣𝑣 𝐴𝐴𝑣𝑣
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝐴𝐴𝑣𝑣 < 𝐴𝐴𝑣𝑣.𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 �𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 < � � � 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢:
𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

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𝑁𝑁𝑢𝑢
𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐 = �0.66𝜆𝜆𝑠𝑠 𝜆𝜆(𝜌𝜌𝑤𝑤 )1/3 �𝑓𝑓′𝑐𝑐 + � 𝑏𝑏 𝑑𝑑
6𝐴𝐴𝑔𝑔 𝑤𝑤

Where 𝐴𝐴𝑣𝑣 is the area of shear reinforcement within spacing s, mm2.

And, 𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐 shall not be taken greater than:

𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐 ≤ 0.42𝜆𝜆�𝑓𝑓′𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 𝑑𝑑

2
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓, 𝜆𝜆𝑠𝑠 = � ≤ 1.0
1 + 0.004 𝑑𝑑

For 𝑑𝑑 ≤ 250𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚, 𝜆𝜆𝑠𝑠 = 1.0

𝑁𝑁𝑢𝑢
≤ 0.05𝑓𝑓′𝑐𝑐
6𝐴𝐴𝑔𝑔

Axial load, Nu, is positive for compression and negative for tension.

𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠
𝜌𝜌𝑤𝑤 =
𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 𝑑𝑑

𝑁𝑁𝑢𝑢
∅𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐 = ∅ �0.66𝜆𝜆𝑠𝑠 𝜆𝜆(𝜌𝜌𝑤𝑤 )1/3 �𝑓𝑓′𝑐𝑐 + � 𝑏𝑏 𝑑𝑑
6𝐴𝐴𝑔𝑔 𝑤𝑤

ℎ 200
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝜌𝜌𝑤𝑤 = 0.0018 � � = 0.0018 � � = 0.00225
𝑑𝑑 160

So,

1 𝑁𝑁𝑢𝑢
∅𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐 = ∅ �0.66𝜆𝜆𝑠𝑠 𝜆𝜆(𝜌𝜌𝑤𝑤 )3 �𝑓𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 + � 𝑏𝑏 𝑑𝑑
6𝐴𝐴𝑔𝑔 𝑤𝑤
1
0.75 �0.66(1)(1)(0.00225)3 √24 + 0.0� (1000)(160)
= = 50.85𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
1000
> 41.6𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂

ACI 318-14:

1
1 0.75 � � (1)√24(1000)(160)
′
∅𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐 = ∅ 𝜆𝜆�𝑓𝑓 𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 𝑑𝑑 = 6 = 98𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 > 41.6𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂.
6 1000

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Figure 7.5: Moment envelope of slab

Flexural design:

The minimum area of steel in slabs is: 0.0018 b h Where: b= section width=1000mm and
h= slab thickness=200mm.

2
Here, As,min= 0.0018 x 1000 x 200 = 360 mm (1𝛷𝛷12/300𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)

(Here, 1𝛷𝛷12/250 is used instead of 1𝛷𝛷12/300 to have better bars arrangement)

As an example: calculations for steel area, As for Mu=34kN.m:

bw= 1000mm h=200mm d= 160mm f’c= 24MPa fy= 420MPa

0.85𝑓𝑓′𝑐𝑐 2.61𝑀𝑀𝑢𝑢 0.85(24) 2.61(34𝑥𝑥106 )

𝜌𝜌 = �1 − �1 − �= �
�1 − 1 − � = 0.00364
𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦 𝑏𝑏𝑑𝑑 2 𝑓𝑓′𝑐𝑐 420 (1000)(160)2 (24)

𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 = 𝜌𝜌𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 𝑑𝑑 = (0.00364)(1000)(160) = 582𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 > 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠,𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

And this steel ratio is less than the maximum allowed for singly reinforced section,
0.85𝑓𝑓′𝑐𝑐
𝜌𝜌𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚,𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 0.375𝛽𝛽1 .
𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦

Number of bars per meter width= 582/154=3.78 bars , spacing= 1000/3.78= 264mm Use
1𝛷𝛷14/250𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 or use 4 𝛷𝛷14/𝑚𝑚

Figure 7.6: Flexural reinforcement in slab

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Figure 7.7: Bars layout in slab

Step 5: Analysis and design of beams:

Beam width, bw= 300mm.

Generally, it is preferred to use beam width less than column width to facilitate bars layout.

According to ACI 318 -19, the minimum thickness of beam is L/18.5; one end continuous span.

L= 6.5m, then h= 6.5/18.5= 0.35m

Loads on beams are usually large, so this depth will lead to have doubly reinforced section, or
in general, not adequate section especially for deflection. So, it is recommended to increase
it, say, h= 1.5 x 0.35 = 0.55m.

Try h=600mm and bw= 300mm

B1 and B3 are L-section and B2 is T- section beams.

Use the ACI code limitations to compute width of flange (bf or be).

B1:

1
𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒 ≤ 𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 + 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 300 + 0.5(4700) = 2650𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
2

𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒 ≤ 𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 + 6ℎ𝑓𝑓 = 300 + 6(200) = 1500𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

𝐿𝐿𝑛𝑛 6500 − 600

𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒 ≤ 𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 + = 300 + = 792𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
12 12

Use flange width, be= 800mm

B2:

1
𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒 ≤ 𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 + 2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 300 + 2(0.5)(4700) = 5000𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
2

𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒 ≤ 𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 + 2(8)ℎ𝑓𝑓 = 300 + 16(200) = 3500𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

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𝐿𝐿𝑛𝑛 6500 − 600

𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒 ≤ 𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 + 2 = 300 + = 1775𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
8 4

Use flange width, be= 1775mm

B3:

Use rectangular section: bw= 300mm, h= 600mm

Loads on beams: (The thickness of slab is subtracted from beam thickness; 0.6-0.2=0.4m)

Wu1= 0.3(0.4)(25)(1.2)+(5/2)(15.4)+(21)(1.2)= 67.3kN/m

Wu2= (0.3)(0.4)(25)(1.2)+(5)(15.4)= 80.6kN/m (Notice that the factor 1.15 is not used as an
approximation)

Wu3= (0.3)(0.4)(25)(1.4)+(21)(1.4)= 33.6kN/m

Figure 7.8: Structural model of beam B1

Figure 7.9: Structural model of beam B2

Figure 7.10: Structural model of beam B3

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Design of beam B2 for flexure:

Figure 7.11: Bending moment envelope for beam B2

For Mu= 311.7kN.m:

𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 = 300mm h= 600mm

d= 540mm

→ ρ= 0.0106

→ As= 1717mm2

1.4 0.25�𝑓𝑓′𝑐𝑐
𝜌𝜌𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 � , � = 0.00333 < 0.0106 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜.
𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦

This As is distributed in the flange width. 2/3 As in 300mm and 1/3 As in (1925-300)mm

0.85𝑓𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐
𝜌𝜌𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚,𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 0.375𝛽𝛽1 = 0.015548 > 0.0106 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜.
𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦

For Mu= 200.4mm:

Assume rectangular compression zone; a< hf=200mm

Use the formula for ρ with b=1775mm

→ρ = 0.00103

→ 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌 = (0.00103)(1775)(540) = 988 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 (4𝛷𝛷20)

Check a: (a is less than amax= 0.375𝛽𝛽1 𝑑𝑑 = 0.375(0.85)(540) = 172𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)

𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦 (988)(420)

𝑎𝑎 = = = 11.5𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 < 200𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 < 172𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜.
0.85𝑓𝑓′𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏 0.85(24)(1775)

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Figure 7.12: Flexural steel for beam B2

Figure 7.13: Flexural reinforcing bars in beam B2

Design of beam B2 for shear:

Figure 7.14: Shear envelope for beam B2

For Vu= 273.4kN:

𝑉𝑉𝑢𝑢 /𝛷𝛷= 273.4/0.75= 364.5kN

1
1 (1)√24(300)(540)
𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐 = 𝜆𝜆�𝑓𝑓′𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 𝑑𝑑 = 6 = 132.3𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
6 1000

𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠 = 𝑉𝑉𝑢𝑢 /𝛷𝛷 – 𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐 = 232.2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

2
𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠,𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = �𝑓𝑓′𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 𝑑𝑑 = 529.1𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 > 232.2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
3

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Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures: A Practical Approach IBRAHIM ARMAN

𝐴𝐴𝑣𝑣 𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠
= = 1.02𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑

𝐴𝐴𝑣𝑣 0.062�𝑓𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 0.35𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤

� � = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 � , � = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚[0.22,0.25] = 0.25𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦

Av/s > (Av/s) min ok → use Av/s= 1.02 mm2/mm

Try Φ10mm stirrups, two legs → s= (2x78.5)/1.02= 154mm

Check stirrups spacing:

1 𝑑𝑑
- 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠 ≤ �𝑓𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 𝑑𝑑 → 𝑆𝑆𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 � , 600𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚�
3 2
1 2 𝑑𝑑
- 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 �𝑓𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 𝑑𝑑 < 𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠 ≤ �𝑓𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 𝑑𝑑 → 𝑆𝑆𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 � , 300𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚�
3 3 4
2
- 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠 > �𝑓𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 𝑑𝑑 → 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
3

1
�𝑓𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 𝑑𝑑 = 264.5𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 > 232.2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
3

𝑑𝑑 540
𝑆𝑆𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 � , 600𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚� = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 � = 270𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚, 600𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚� = 270𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
2 2

270mm> 154mm → use s= 150mm 2 legs 𝛷𝛷10mm stirrups

Note:

The maximum transverse spacing of stirrup legs are given by (Section 9.7.6.2.2 in ACI 318-
19):

1
- 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠 ≤ �𝑓𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 𝑑𝑑 → 𝑆𝑆𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚[𝑑𝑑, 600𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚]
3
1 2 𝑑𝑑
- 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 �𝑓𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 𝑑𝑑 < 𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠 ≤ �𝑓𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 𝑑𝑑 → 𝑆𝑆𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 � , 300𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚�
3 3 2

1
𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻, 𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠 < �𝑓𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 𝑑𝑑 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠, 𝑆𝑆𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚[𝑑𝑑, 600𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚] = 540𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
3

And the value 540mm is larger than the width of the beam, so, two - legs stirrup can be used
for this cross section.

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