Question # 8: Write the initial and final electron configurations for the process
corresponding to IE4 (the fourth ionization energy) of B.
Question # 9: The five successive ionization energies of B (i.e IE1 through IE5) are 800,
2420, 3660, 25020 and 32820 kJ/mole. Write equations for these ionization processes
giving the electron configuration before and after the ionization.
Question # 10: In the second period of the periodic table, there are atoms with a negative
electron affinity. Identify two of these atoms and explain why the electron affinity is
negative.
+
Question # 11: Consider the systems Li, Be and Li .
a) Give the order of size for these three. Explain.
b) Which has the highest IE1? Explain.
c) Which has the largest EA? Explain.
–1
Question # 12: The first ionization energy of helium is 2370 kJ mol , the highest for any
element. Define ionization energy and discuss why that for He should be so high.
Question # 13: Arrange the following substances in order and explain your choice of
order:
2+ – 2+
a) Mg , Ar, Br , Ca in order of increasing radius.
+
b) Na, Na , O, Ne in order of increasing ionization energy.
c) H, F, Al, O in order of increasing electronegativity
Question # 14:. Write down the Lewis structures of the following molecules using the steps
discussed in class:
a. PCl5
b. SO3
c. [BF4]−
d. XeF2
CH-101 Practice Problems
Dr. Mehr Nigar
Question # 15: Using the bond enthalpy table below, compute the enthalpy change involved when
one mole of butadiene is burned, represented by the following reaction:
H2C=HC-HC=CH2 + (11/2) O2 → 4 CO2(g) + 3 H2O
Question # 16: Consider the formation of MgO (s). Assume that ΔH ° and ΔS ° are independent of
r r
temperature.
Mg (s) + 1/2 O (g) → MgO (s) ΔH ° = -602 kJ/mol
2 r
-1 -1
ΔS ° = -108 JK mol .
r
a) Calculate ΔG ° for the formation of MgO (s) at 0 °C (273 K). Is the reaction spontaneous
r
or non-spontaneous at 0 °C?
b) Is there a temperature at which the formation of MgO switches from spontaneous to non-
spontaneous or vice versa? If no, explain briefly why not. If yes, calculate the
temperature (T*) at which the spontaneity of the reaction switches.
Question # 17: Consider the molecule NF3(g) with a ΔG°f = -90.6 kJ/mol and ΔH°f = -132.1 kJ/mol.
a) Calculate ΔG° and ΔH° for the following reaction at 298 K.
N2(g) + 3F2(g) ↔ 2NF3(g)
Question # 18:The enthalpy change of the following reaction at standard conditions and 298.15 K is
– 114.38 kJ. The free energy change of the following reaction at standard conditions and 298.15 K is
–75.92 kJ.
4HCl(g) + O2(g) → 2Cl2(g) + 2H2O(g) Some additional information regarding the
reaction is given below
ΔHof at (298.15K) for H2O (l) = -285.83 kJ/mol and for H2O (g) = -241.82 kJ/mol
Calculate the enthalpy change if the H2O product were in the liquid phase, H2O(l).
Question # 19:
Consider the following reaction. Cl2(g) → 2Cl(g)
a) Is ΔH°f at 298.15 K for this reaction positive, negative or zero? Justify your answer.
b) Is ΔS° at 298.15 K for this reaction positive, negative or zero? Justify your answer.
c) Is ΔG° for this reaction less than zero at all temperatures? Justify your answer.
CH-101 Practice Problems
Dr. Mehr Nigar
CH-101 Practice Problems
Dr. Mehr Nigar
