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Slender/Long Column-2
(Chap-12, Nadim-6th ed.)

Prof. Dr. Md. Nazrul Islam

Part-time Faculty
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
IUT, Board Bazar, Gazipur.
Email: [email protected]
HP: 01343385920

Example-12.1 (Page-634, Nadim-6th ed.):

The column section shown in Fig. 12.5 carries an axial
load PD = 136 k and a moment MD = 116 k-ft due to dead
load and an axial load PL = 110 k and a moment ML = 93
k-ft due to live load. The column is part of a frame that is
braced against sidesway and bent in single curvature
about its major axis. The unsupported length of the
column is lu = 19 ft, and the moments at both ends of
the column are equal. Check the adequacy of the
column using f′c = 4 ksi and fy = 60 ksi.

31 July 2025 Prof. Dr. Md. Nazrul Islam, DUET, Gazipur. 2

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Solution:
1. Calculate factored loads:

2. Check if the column is long.

Frame is braced against sidesway, let K=1.0.
r = 0.3h=0.3 × 22=6.6 in., and lu =19 ft.

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For braced columns, if Klu/r ≤ 34 - 12M1/M2, slenderness

effect may be neglected.

Here, M1 = M2 and M1/M2 = positive (single curvature),

Klu/r = 34.5 > 22,

Slenderness effect must be considered.

31 July 2025 Prof. Dr. Md. Nazrul Islam, DUET, Gazipur. 5

3. Calculate EI :

a. Ec:

b. Moment of inertia, I:

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Dead-load moment ratio:

c. Stiffness, EI:

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4. Calculate Pc:

5. Calculate Cm:

6. Calculate moment-magnifier factor:

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7. Calculate design moment and load:

(Let 𝜙 = 0.65)

Design Mc = 1.16 × 288 = 334 k-ft.

Design eccentricity = (334 × 12)/339.2
=11.82 in. ≈ 12 in.

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8. Determine nominal load strength of the section

using e =12 in. (See Example-11.4):

31 July 2025 Prof. Dr. Md. Nazrul Islam, DUET, Gazipur. 10

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Solving for a from Eqs. I and II,

a =10.6 in.
Pn = 535 k. > 522 k (applied load).

So, the section is ADEQUATE.

If not adequate, increase steel reinforcement.

31 July 2025 Prof. Dr. Md. Nazrul Islam, DUET, Gazipur. 11

9. Check 𝜙:

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Example-12.2 (Page-434, Nadim-6th ed.)

Check the adequacy of the column in Example 12.1 if
the unsupported length is lu =10 ft. Determine the
maximum nominal load on the column.

Solution:
1. Applied loads:
Pn =522 k
Mn =443.1 k-ft.

2. Check if the column is long:

lu =10 ft, r = 0.3h = 0.3 × 22 = 6.6 in.,
K = 1.0 (braced against sidesway).
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Check if :
Klu/r ≤ 34−12M1b/M2b ≤ 40

Right-hand side = 34 - 12 × 1 = 22 ≤ 40

So, slenderness effect can be neglected.

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3. Determine the nominal load capacity of the short

column (see Example-11.4).

From Example 11.4:

nominal compressive strength Pn = 612.1 k (for e =10
in.), which is greater than the applied load of 522 k,
because the column is short with e =10.2 in. (Example
12.1).

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Example 11.4 (Page-434, Nadim-6th ed.)

Determine the nominal compressive strength, Pn, for
the section given in Example-11.2 if e = 10 in. (See Fig.
11.10.)

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Solution:
1. Because e = 10 in. < (2/3)d = 13 in., assume
compression failure. This assumption will be
checked later. Calculate the distance to the neutral
axis for a balanced section, cb:

2. From the equations of equilibrium,

(I)

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Assume compression steel yields.

(This assumption will be checked later.)

3. Taking moments about As,

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The plastic centroid is at the center of the section

and d′′ = 8.5 in.

(II)
4. Assume c = 13.45 in., which exceeds cb (11.54 in.).
a = 0.85 × 13.45 = 11.43 in.
From Eq. (II):
Pn1 = 50.17 × 11.43 − 1.29(11.43)2 + 208 = 612.9 k

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5. Calculate fs from the strain diagram when c = 13.45 in.

6. Substitute a = 11.43 in. and fs = 39.13 ksi in Eq. (I):

Pn2 = 47.6(11.43) + 226.4 − 4(39.13) = 613.9 k

which is very close to the calculated Pn1 = 612.9 k (less
than 1% difference).

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7. Check if compression steel yields. From the strain

diagram,

Compression steel yields, as assumed.

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8. Pn = 612.9 k > Pb = 453.4 k,

and e = 10 in. < eb = 15 in.,

both calculated in the previous example,

indicating that compression controls, as assumed.

Note:
It may take a few trials to get Pn1 close to Pn2.

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9. Calculate 𝜙:

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Thank you.
Any question?

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