TALAMBUHAY NI DR.

JOSE RIZAL:
Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda

(Manunulat, Pambasang Bayani ng Pilipinas, Dakilang Henyo ng Lahing Malayo)

ISINILANG SA: Calamba, Laguna (Hunyo 19, 1861)

BINARIL SA: Bagumbayan (ngayo’y Luneta; Disyembre 30, 1896)

Mga Magulang: Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado y Alejandro at Teodora Morales Alonso Realonda y Quintos (“Z” sa
ibang aklat)
Mga Ninuno: Domingo Lamco, sa panig ng ama (negosyanteng Instik); Lakandula, sa panig ng ina (pinuno ng Tondo na
namuno sa isang bigong pag-aalsa sa mga Kastila, inapo ni Rajah Sulayman ng Maynila)
Nagbinyag: Padre Rufino Collantes
Ninong: Padre Pedro Casañas

PHILIPPINE HISTORY
The first book written in the Philippines was DOCTRINA CRISTIANA.
The Father of Ilocano Literature is PEDRO BUKANEG.
The Father of Tagalog Poetry is FRANCISCO BALTAZAR.
Lola Basyang is the pen name of SEVERINO REYES.
The first and longest running komiks series in the Philippines is KENKOY(Liwayway Magasin,1929)
The Father of Pampango Literature who wrote There is no God is JUAN CRISOSTOMO SOTO.
The oldest existing newspaper in the Philippines since the 1900 is MANILA BULLETIN.
The Father of Modern Tagalog Poetry is ALEJANDRO ABADILLA.
The work of Bonifacio which tells the history of the Philippines ANG DAPAT MABATID NG MGA TAGALOG.
He wrote the popular fable The Monkey and the Turtle - JOSE RIZAL
This is known as Andres Bonifacio's Ten Commandments of the Katipunan - THE DECALOGUE.
Rizal's model for Pilosopong Tasyo was PACIANO RIZAL.
The following characters created by rizal reflect his own personality except SIMOUN (El Filibusterismo)
The line 'whoever knows not how to love his native tongue is worse than any beast or even smelly fish' TO MY
FELLOW CHILDREN
Rizal's pen name - DIMASALANG, LAONG-LAAN
Taga-ilog is JUAN LUNA's Pen name.
The first filipino alphabet was called ALIBATA/BAYBAYIN
the first filipino alphabet consisted of 15 LETTERS
This is a song about love - TALINDAW, awit ng mga taong hindi naimbetahan sa kainan (COLADO)
He was known for his `Memoria Fotografica` - JOSE MA. PANGANIBAN
He is known as the `poet of the workers or laborers` - AMADO HERNANDEZ
Ilocano balagtasan is called BUKANEGAN
Visayan epic about good manners and right conduct - MARAGTAS
The father of Filipino newspaper is PASCUAL POBLETE
Lupang Tinubuan is considered to be the best story written during Japanese Period. The author is NARCISO REYES
The original title of Ibong Adarna was CORIDO AT BUHAY NA PINAGDAANAN NG TATLONH PRINSIPENG ANAC
NG HARING FERNANDO AT REYNA VALERIANA SA CAHARIANG BERBANIA
PANDEREGLA - first filipino bread
The Great Plebian: Andres Bonifacio
The Father of the Katipunan: Andres Bonifacio
Hero of the Tirad Pass Battle: Gregorio Del Pilar
 President of the First Philippine Republic: General Emilio Aguinaldo
Brains of the Philippine Revolution: Apolinario Mabini
Martyred Priests in 1872: GOMBURZA
Brains of the Katipunan: Emilio Jacinto
Co-founder of La Independencia: General Antonio Luna
Mother of Balintawak: Melchora Aquino
Greatest Filipino Orator of the Propaganda Movement: Graciano Lopez- Jaena
First Filipino Cannon-maker: Pandar Pira
Managing Editor of La Solidaridad: Mariano Ponce
Lakambini of Katipunan: Gregoria de Jesus
Poet of the Revolution: Fernando Ma. Guerrero
Outstanding Diplomat of the First Philippine Republic: Felipe Agoncill
First University of the Philippines President: Rafael Palma
Greatest Filipino Painter: Juan Luna
Greatest Journalist of the Propaganda
Movement: Marcelo H. del Pilar
First Filipino Poetess: Leona Florentino
Peace of the Revolution: Pedro Paterno
Founder of Philippine Socialism: Isabelo
Delos Reyes Viborra: Artemio Ricarte
Author of the Spanish lyrics of the Philippine National Anthem: Jose Palma
Chief of Tondo: Lakandola
The Last Rajah of Manila: Rajah Soliman
Fiancée of Jose Rizal: Leonor Rivera
Maker of the
First Filipino Flag: Marcela Agoncillo
Co-founder of Katipunan: Galicano Apacible
Leader of the Ilocano Revolt: Diego Silang
First Filipino Hero: Lapu-lapu
Leader of the Longest Revolt in Bohol: Francisco Dagohoy
The Man of Many Talents: Epifanio Delos Santos
Prince of Tagalog Poets: Francisco Baltazar
Visayan Joan of Arc: Teresa Magbanua
Mother of Biak-na-Bato: Trinidad Tecson
Wife of Artemio Ricarte: Agueda
EstebanLeader of the Tarlac Revolt: Gen. Francisco Makabulos
Composer of the Philippine National Anthem: Julian Felipe
Spaniards born in the Philippines: Insulares
Leader of Magdalo: Baldomero Aguinaldo
Leader of Magdiwang: Mariano Alvarez
Founder of La Liga Filipina: Jose Rizal
Painter of the Spolarium: Juan Luna

Idealism – spiritual, values, ideal

2. realism- science/ what is real
3. empiricism- senses
4. naturalism- innate
5. existentialism- choice,decision,unique
6. essentialism- specialization, basic, fundamental
7. perrenialism- classic, literature, traditional
8. pragmatism- activation of skills
9. progressivism-child-centered
10. Epicureanism- perfection
11. Agnosticism- aetheist, unknown
12. stoicism- passionate emotions
13. hedonism- pleasure
14. humanism- humans
15. constuctivism- prior knowledge activation
16. reconstructionism- solution to problem
17. scholasticism- rationalization of church
Theories
1.Stages of development- jean piaget, thinking
2. Cognitivism- discovery learning, Jerome bruner,
concrete rto abstract
3. behaviorism- environment, watson
4. connectionism- classroom environment, thorndike
5. humanism- carl rogers, child centered
6. operant conditioning- reinforcement/punishment,
Bf skinner
7. Classical conditioning- habit and stimuli Ivan Pavlov
8. Meaningful learning- conceptual, graphic organizers,
Ausubel
9. Insightful learning- Activation of prior knowledge,
problem solving, kohler
10. Moral development- value formation, Kohlberg
11. Hierarchy of need theory- needs, maslow
12. attachment theory- caregiver, john Bowlby
13. identity statuses- jame marcias, confusion
14. field theory- internal and external environment
15. bioecological- system of environment, Brofenbrenner
16. choice theory- glasser, decision
17. social learning- bandura, modeling
18. socio-cultural- Vygotsky, scaffolding more
knowledgeable other(mko)
Commonly used terms
Metacognition- thinking about thinking
Recitation- thinking aloud
Schooling- system controlled by teacher
Rebus- making a poem out of a concept
Indoctrination- religion, without addition nor subtraction
KASH
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, SKILLS AND HABITS
KC APANSE - Blooms taxonomy

MGA URI NG PANGUNGUSAP

WALANG PAKSA:
1. EKSISTENSYAL – mayroong isa o higit pang tao
Halimbawa: Mayroon daw puno sa bakuran.
2. MODAL – nais/pwede/maari (Gusto ko matulog.)
3. PANLIPUNAN – pagbati, pagbigay galang atbp.
4. SAGOT LAMANG – “Talaga?”, “Oo”
5. SAMBITLA – masidhing damdamin (Aray!)
6. TEMPORAL – panandaliang kalagayan o panahon
KAYARIAN:
1. PAYAK – iisang kaisipan
2. TAMBALAN – dalawang sugnay na ‘di makapag-iisa
3. HUGNAYAN – madalas nagsisimula sa kung, dahil sa
4. LANGKAPAN – mahabang pangungusap
MGA URI NG KWENTO
1. PABULA (fable) – hayop
2. PARABULA (parable)– Bibliya
3. ANEKDOTA (anecdote) – tunay na buhay
4. MITOLOHIYA (myth) – diyos at diyosa (pinagmulan)
ASPEKTO NG PANDIWA (Verb)
1. PERPEKTIBO – tumakbo
2. IMPERPEKTIBO – tumatakbo
3. KONTEMPLATIBO – tatakbo
KAANTASAN NG PANG-URI (Adjective)
1. LANTAY – walang pinaghahambingan
2. PAHAMBING ¬– inihahalintulad
3. PASUKDOL – nangingibabaw (H: pinakamataas)
MGA URI NG TULA
1. PATULA (Moro-moro)
2. PASALAYSAY (Epiko, Awit, Korido)
MGA AWITING BAYAN
1. DALIT/HIMNO – pagsamba sa anito o pang-relihiyon
2. DIONA – kasal
3. DUNG-AW – patay (pagdadalamhati)
4. KALUSAN – paggawa
5. KUMINTANG – tagumpay (pandigma)
6. KUNDIMAN – pag-ibig
7. OYAYI – pagpapatulog ng bata
8. SOLIRANIN – pagsasagwan
9. TALINDAW – pamamangka
PAGBABAGONG MORPONEMIKO
1. ASIMILASYON – Parsyal (pangsukli), Ganap (panukli)
2. MAY ANGKOP – wikain mo – “kamo”
3. MAYSUDLONG/PAGDARAGDAG NG PONEMA
- muntik – muntikan, pagmuntikan, pagmuntikanan
4. METATESIS – linipad – nilipad
5. PAGKAKALTAS NG PONEMO – takipan – takpan
6. PAGLILIPAT-DIIN – laRUan (playground) - laruAN (toy)
7. PAGPAPALIT NG PONEMA – madapat – marapat
MGA URI NG PANGHALIP/PRONOUNS
1. PANAO/PERSONAL PRONOUN – ako/I etc.
2. PAMATLIG/DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN – ito/this etc.
3. PANAKLAW/INDEFINITE P. - isa, all, anyone etc.
4. PATULAD – ganito, ganyan atbp.
5. PANANONG/INTERROGATIVE P. – sino, when etc.
6. PAMANGGIT/RELATIVE P. – daw, umano, which, who
MGA AKDANG NA MAY IMPUWENSYA SA MUNDO
AKLAT NG MGA ARAW – China (by Confucius)
AKLAT NG MGA PATAY – Egypt cults & myths (by Osiris)
AWIT NI ROLANDO-France (by Doce Pares, Roncesvalles)
BIBLIYA – Palestino at Greece
CANTEBURY TALES – Kingdom of England (by Geoffrey Chaucer) 14th century
DIVINE COMEDIA – Italy (by Dante)
EL CID COMPEADOR – katangian at history ng Spain
ILIAD o ODYSSEY – Myths of Greece made by Homer.
ISANG LIBO’T ISANG GABI – Ugali sa Arabia at Persia
KORAN – Arabia (Muslim Bible) MAHABRATA – India
UNCLE TOM’S CABIN – about slaves that becomes the basis of democracy. (by Harriet Beecher Stowe of U.S.)
MGA URI NG PANITIKAN
1. TULUYAN – binubuo ng mga pangungusap
A. NOBELA – binubuo ng mga kabanata
B. DULA – pagtatanghal sa entablado
MGA DULANG PANLIBANGAN:
a. TIBAG – Sta. Elena
b. LAGAY – Pilarenos ng Sorsogon
c. PANUNULUYAN – pagtatanghal bago mag-alas dose (12PM) ng gabi ng kapaskuhan
d. PANUBOL – parangal sa may kaarawan
e. KARILYO – ala-puppet show
f. KURIDO – katapangan, kabayanihan, kababalaghan, pananampalataya
g. SARSUELA – musical tungkol sa pag-ibig, paghihiganti atbp. masisidhing damdamin
C. ALAMAT – pinagmulan
D. ANEKDOTA – ugali, may mabuting aral
2. PATULA - may sukat,pantig,tugma,taludtod,saknong
A. TULANG PASALAYSAY - mahahalagang tago o pangyayari sa buhay.
a. EPIKO – kabayanihan sa kababalaghan
o BIDASARI, PARANG SABIR – Moro
o BIAG NI LAM ANG – Iloko
o MARAGTAS, HARAYA, LAGDA AT HARI SA BUKID – Bisaya
o KUMINTANG – Tagalog
o DAGOY AT SUDSUD – Tagbanua
o TATUANG - Bagobo
b. AWIT o KORIDO - kaharian
c. TULA NG DAMDAMIN o LIRIKI – own feeling
MGA TULANG LIRIKO:
o AWITING BAYAN – kalungkutan
o ELEHIYA – yumao
o DALIT – pagpupuri sa Diyos
o PASTORAL – buhay sa bukid
o ODA – papuri
B. TULANG DULA O PANGTANGHALAN
a. KOMEDYA
b. MELODRAMA – musical
c. TRAHEDYA – death of main character
d. PARSA – mga pangyayaring nakakatawa
e. SAYNETE
-karaniwang pag-uugali ng tao/ pook
C. TULANG PATNIGAN
a. KARAGATAN – alamat ng singsing ng prinsesa na naihulog niya sa dagat sa hangaring mapangasawa ang
kasintahang mahirap.
b. DUPLO – paligsahan ng husay sa pagtula
c. BALAGTASAN – pumalit sa Duplo
FIGURES OF SPEECH/TAYUTAY
PAG-UUGNAY O PAGHAHAMBING:
1. SIMILE/PAGTUTULAD – mayroong pangatnig
2. METAPHOR/PAGWAWANGIS – walang pangatnig
3. ALUSYON – iba’t ibang aspekto ng buhay ng tao
4. METONYMY/PAGPAPALIT-TAWAG
5. SYNECDOCHE/SINEKDOKE – pagbanggit ng isa upang tukuyin ang kabuuan
Hal: Dalawang bibig ang umaasa kay Romeo.
PAGLALARAWAN:
6. HYPERBOLE/ PAGMAMALABIS o EKSAHERASYON
7. APOSTROPHE/PAGTAWAG – pakikipag-usap sa hindi buhay o malayong tao. Hal: Ulan, tumigil ka na.
8. EXCLAMATION/PAGDARAMDAM – strong feeling.
9. PARADOX/PARADOKS -“malayo ma’y malapit pa rin”
10. OXYMORON/PAGTATAMBIS - paradox w/ extra words
PAGSASALIN NG KATANGIAN:
11. PERSONIFICATION/PAGSASATAO
PAGSASATUNOG:
12. ONOMATOPOEIA/PANGHIHIMIG – tunog ang paksa
13. ALLITERATION/PAG-UULIT – repetition of 1st letter in the 1st word. Ex: Dinggin mo ang Diyos na Dinadakila
14. REPITASYON – repetition of phrase. Ex: Tama! Tama!...
IBA PANG TAYUTAY NA GAMIT SA TULA:
ALITERASYON – unang titik o pantig ay pare-pareho
ANADIPLOSIS – paggamit ng salita sa unahan at hulihan
EPIPORA – pag-uulit ng salita sa hulihan
PAG-UYAM – sarcasm
LITOTES – pagtanggi o pagkukunwari.
TALUDTOD – linya sa tula
UNFAMILIAR PARTS OF THE SPEECH
1. PREPOSITIONS-on, under, off, by, in near, for, to, since
2. CONJUNCTIONS (PANGATNIG)
- para/for, at/and, nor, or, pero/but, yet, so, ni, ngunit
3. INTERJECTION – with exclamation mark
PROPER SEQUENCE OF WORDS IN A SENTENCE
1. ARTICLES – a, an, the 2. OPINION 3. SIZE
4. AGE 5. SHAPE 6. COLOR
7. MATERIAL 8. PURPOSE
CLASSIFICATIONS OF POEM
1. BALLAD – narrative, less folk tale/legend, to be sung
2. BLACK VERSE – with meter but no rhyme
3. DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE – written in form of speech for individual character.
4. ELEGY –death of individual
5. EPIC – tells a story about heroic figure
6. EULOGY – message for the dead
7. FREE VERSE (vers libre) – without meter but with rhyme
8. HAIKU – Japanese poem about nature. 5, 7, 5 (3 lines and 17 syllables)
9. IDYLL (Idyl) – peaceful, idealized country scene
10. LYRICS - thoughts and feelings
11. NARRATIVE – tells story
12. ODE -typically serious/meditative nature, type of Lyric
13. PASTORAL –rural life in peaceful & romanticized way
14. SONNET – Lyric poem consists of 14 lines
15. TANKA – Japanese poem: 5 lines, 31 syllables
PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTIONS
BIAK NA BATO – pact, thought of 1st Republic.
- Spainards paid P200 000
1. MALOLOS CONSTITUTION – Apolinario Mabini
- rights of soldiers
- no Visayas yet in right of territories
2. 1935 CONSTITUTION – adapted from American Const.
3. 1943 CONSITUTION - Jose P. Laurel
- Japan invades but gave freedom for Phil. to rule.
4. 1973 CONSTITUTION – Ferdinand Marcos
- Martial Law – 60days max
- Nat’l Territory forced Kalayaan grp. of Islands & Saba
5. 1987 CONSTITUTION - 18 articles
- past chairwoman: Cecilla Muñoz Palma (Feb 2, 1987)
- Bill of Rights are for the criminals
JUS SANGUINI – blood JUS SOLI – place
SOME TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS
1. COMMUNIST – classless society
- State plans and controls economy
2. PARLIAMENTARY – majority of people voted
3. REPUBLICAN – power comes from people
PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS
(AgQueLaOsRoQuiMagGarMaMarAquiRaEsArAquiDut)
ACTS
1. ASSOCIATION OF SE ASIAN NATIONS (ASEAN)
- Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Brunei, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia
2. BELL TRADE (PHILIPPINE TRADE ACT) – bet. Phil. & U.S.
3. KYOTO PROTOCOL (UNNCC)
- fight global warming decreasing green house gases
4. RIO DE JANEIRO CONVENTION
- environment and sustainable development
5. TEJEROS CONVENTION – election
- Bonifacio elected as Director Imperior
6. TREATY ON GENERAL RELATIONS
- recognition of U.S. to Philippine freedom
7. UNDERWORLD-SIMMONS ACT – full free foreign trade
8. PAYNE ALDRICH ACT – partial free foreign trade
MISSIONARIES AND EXPEDITIONS
1. AUGUSTINIAN – most intelligent
2. FRANCISCAN – sends medical aids
3. JESUITS
4. DOMINICANS – richest
5. RECOLECTS – most killed schools
MARTYR PRIESTS
1. BURGOS – youngest, mastermind of secularization
2. GOMEZ – Oldest, likes “sabong” and hid there
HOMO HABILIS – man of steel (bighead, uses muscle)
HOMO ERECTUS – man who discovered fire & clothes
HOMO SAPIENS – thinking man (can produce materials)
UNFAMILIAR BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY
ANATOMY – inner organs ENTOMOLOGY – insects
BIOCHEMISTRY – chemical patterns of animals
ECOLOGY – living things bet. Each other in environment
EMBRYOLOGY – developmental patterns fr. zygote-birth
GENETICS – heredity MYCOLOGY – fungi
HERPETOLOGY – reptiles and amphibians
HISTOLOGY – plant and animal tissues
MORPHOLOGY – phenotype (appearance)
ORNITHOLOGY – birds PARASITOLOGY – parasites
PALEONTOLOGY – fossils of animals and plants
PHYSIOLOGY – function of tissue, organ & system
TAXONOMY – classification of living organisms
SCIENCE PROPONENTS
CAROLUS LINNAEUS – Father of Taxonomy
ROBERT HOOKE – termed “cells” (cellulae)
ANTON VAN LEUWENHOEK – 1st person to observe microscopic organisms (animal cule)
ROBERT BROWN – discovered Nucleus
MATTHIAS SCHIEDEN (Botanist) & THEODORE (Zoologist)
- found all plants consist of cells
RUDOLF VIRCHOW – proposed cells come fr. existing cells
EARTH’S SPHERES
ATMOSPHERE – gaseous sphere protection from meteors
Divided into five:
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere
HYDROSPHERE – water
LITHOSPHERE – oceanic and continental crust
BIOSPHERE – all life forms in Earth
CRYOSPHERE – ice ANTHROSPHERE – ancestors
PLANETS AND THEIR SEQUENCE
1. SUN – 99.86% of Solar System
- believed was formed 4.6 billion years ago
- Responsible for weather and climate
2. MERCURY – named after Roman God
- no satellite and atmosphere
- discovered by Mariner Ten
3. VENUS – Goddess of Love and Beauty (Mariner 2)
- Perfect sphere, sister planet of Earth
4. EARTH
5. MARS – God of War, red planet (Mariner 9)
6. JUPITER -Gas Giant, fastest rotating planet (10hrs less)
- has Great Red Spot: huge storm for 350yrs
7. SATURN – God of Agriculture (chunks of rocks)
- made mostly of hydrogen
8. URANUS – Frederick William Herscel

Prof ed-assessment of Learning

1.Criterion reference test
-the students mastery of objectives
2.Define the instructional objective
-first step in planning an achievement test
3. Standard deviation
-Validity
4.Central tendency
-mean,median and mode
5.Positively skewed score distribution
-most of the scores are low
6.Normal distribution
- mean,median and mode are equal
7.Negatively skewedu
means that students perform well in the said examination or the scores of the students concentrated on the right part
of the curve.
good performance of the students
8.Normal distribution curve, a T-score or 70
two SDsabove the mean
T score=10z+50
z=2
9. Mean is to measure of central tendency as quartile deviation
10. Skewed to the right
-most of the students got scores below the mean,which means that the examinees performed very poor.
11. Median
-equivalent to the 50th percentile
12. Skewed score distribution
-scores are concentrated more at one
end or the other end.
13.Skewed to the left
-if the class is composed of bright students .High scores concentrated at the right part of the distribution.
14. -2SD and +2SD in the normal curve
- 95.44

SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT RULES

Rule 1 - Singular subjects take singular verbs. Plural subjects take plural verbs.
1. The bee BUZZES every night.
2. The bees BUZZ every night.
3. She HAS a new book.
4. We HAVE many things in common.
5. He IS our mentor and adviser.
Note: The Pronouns I and You always take a plural verb.
1. I ENJOY being with my friends.
2. You ARE so beautiful.
3. I LIKE you a lot.
Rule 2 – Compound subjects or subjects joined by “and” take a plural verb.
1. My father and my brother VISIT me every year.
2. Juan and Ana SERVE in their lunch.
3. Charles and James WERE busy last week.
Rule 3 – When the subject words are joined by or, neither/nor, either/or & not only/but, the verb agrees with the subject
closest to it.
1. Your father or your sisters ARE going to take care of Anna.
2. Your sisters or your father IS going to take care of Anna.
3. Either her friend or her mother HAS the money.
4. Neither her uncle nor her aunts HAVE the money.
Rule 4 – The indefinite pronouns: no one, anyone, everyone, someone, anybody, everybody, somebody, nobody,
anything, everything, something, are always singular. They take singular verb.
1. No one IS above the law.
2. Everyone HAS the right to education.
3. Everything HAPPENS for a reason.
While indefinite pronouns like both, many, several, few, others, are always plural.
1. Many singers FIND it easy to release their stress.
2. Several of the trees WERE cut down.
3. Few of our members DON'T want to participate.
Some indefinite pronouns like all, any, more, most, none, & some can be singular or plural depending on what the
indefinite pronoun refers to.
1. All of the people clapped THEIR hands.
2. Some of the newspaper WAS soaked.
3. Most of the cars WERE stolen yesterday.
Rule 5 – When a group of words or modifiers separate the subject and the verb, locate the subject word to determine
whether to use a singular or plural verb.
1. The flowers in the pot on the balcony NEED watering.
2. The rock at the top of the hill LOOKS amazing.
Rule 6 – phrases like together with, along with, as well as, accompanied by, in addition to, do not affect the subject.
1. Rica, together with her friends, GOES to a party every weekend.
2. Danna and Gemma, together with their father, GO to church every weekend.
Rule 7 – Modifiers between the subject and the verb does not affect the number of the subject.
1. Juan, who is a father of four, IS currently working as a firefighter.
2. A dog, which lives on the street, HAS the tendency to have rabies.
Rule 8 – Some nouns (collective nouns) can be used as a singular or plural depending on the context and usage.
1. Rica’s family PLANS to go on a vacation this summer.
2. The staff HAVE gone their separate ways after the meeting.
Rule 9 – Uncountable nouns or nouns that can’t be counted takes a singular verb.
1. Too much sugar WAS put in this coffee.
2. Money IS the root of all problem.
3. Honesty IS the best policy.
Rule 10 – There are nouns that end in s that are always considered as singular.
1. The news about her death IS spreading very fast.
2. Mathematics IS a very difficult subject.
3. Diabetes IS not a curable disease.
Rule 11 – Fractional expressions half of, part of, portion of, may take singular or plural verbs depending if the noun that is
being referred to is countable or not.
1. Half of the audience ARE asleep because of his boring speech.
2. A portion of his wealth WAS donated to cancer patients.
Rule 12 – In inverted sentences especially those that use “here” and “there”, the subject follows the verb.
1. Here ARE the towels that you need.
2. A good snack IS a salad.
3. There ARE houses under the bridge.

John Dewey - learning by doing

Confucius - education for all, golden rule
 Bandura - modeling
Froebel - kindergarten
John Locke - tabula rasa
Sigmun Freud - psychosexual
Erik Erikson - pyschosocial
William Sheldon -physiological
Carl Jung - psychological
Jean Piaget - cognitive
Lawrence Kohlberg - moral development
Edward Thorndike - connectionism
Ivan Pavlov - classical conditioning
B.f. Skinner - operant conditioning
Bandura & Wallace - social learning
Kohler - insight learning or "Aha!"
Bruner - instrumental conceptualism
Lev Vygotsky - social cognitivist, scaffolding

John Locke — tabularasa , empiricism:"Father of Liberalism"

Francis Bacon — "Father of scientific method" "Father of empiricism"
Jean Jacques Rousseau -- "Hollistic education"(physical, moral, intellectual): nature of child.
Edgar Dale - "Cone of Experience" aka "Father of Modern Media in Education"
Erik Erickson — Psychosocial development Theory
Edward Lee Thorndike =Theory of Connectionsim “satisfaction” “the law of effect, readiness and exercise”." Father of
Modern Educational psychology;
Friedrich Frobel — "Father of kindergarten"
Johann Herbart — founder of pedagogy as an academic discipline.
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi — symmetrical and harmonious devt of child: motto " Learning by head, hand and heart"
THEORIES AND THEIR PROPONENTS
Sigmund Freud — psychosexual , psychoanalytic; “father of modern psychology”
Wilhelm Woundt = german psycologist “father of psychology’.
John Dewey – Learning by doing: education for all.
David Froebel – Father of kinder garten
Ivan Pavlov = classical conditioning: involuntary behavior
Burrhus Frederic Skinner — operant cond.
Jean Piaget —cognitivist/ Cognitive dev’t Theory, info processing , dynamic interrelation.
David Ausubel — meaningful learning envronment theory, graphic organizer, assumption
William Kohler — insight learning theory
Lawrence Kohlberg — moral dev’t theory
Albert Bandura —Modeling/Imitate: Social learning Theory,"bobo doll" experiment, neo – behaviorism
Robert Gagne — Cumulative Learning Theory: sequence of instruction
Abraham Maslow — hierarchy of needs , motivation theory
Brofenbrenner's - Ecological System Theory (microsystem, mesosystem, exo, macro and chrono)
Benjamin Bloom — bloom’s cognitive taxonomy
 David Krathwohl — affective domain
Simpsons / Anita Harrow — psychomotor domain
Jerome Bruner — Discovery Learning Theory/Inquiry method: Scaffolding Theory :constructivist, spiral curr,
instrumental conceptualism
Lev Vygotsky — constructivist :Social Constructivism; Zond of Proximal Development (ZPD) : More knowledgeable
others (MKO)
Edgar Dale — cone of exp. (20% remember)
John Locke — tabularasa , empiricism:"Father of Liberalism"
Howard Gardner — multiple int.
John Flavel — metacognition
John Watson — behaviorial theory: “Father of Behaviorism”, psychological school of behaviorism.
Kurt Lewin - The Father of Social Psychology; his work pioneered the use of scientific methods to study social
behavior.
Charles darwin = theories to mental characteristics as human think, feel & behave(” evolutionary psychology”)
William Sheldon – Physiological
Max Wertheimer = gestalt psychology
Wolfgang Ratke — used vernacular for approaching the class.
Edward Tolman — purposive behaviorism and goal oriented
Plato --- Idealist/Idealism(own ideas) nothing exist except in the mind of a man.
Aristotle-- Realist/Realist (experience) mastery of organized subject matter.
Cunfucios – Great philosopher, analects, golden rule, society, name (essence) rule.
Mencius — idealistic wing of confucianism; love covers all (good, right)
Hzun tzu — realistic wing of confusianism
Lao tzu — taoism: Go with the flow.
Bowlby — attachment theory

PROPONENTS AND THEIR THEORIES

1. WILHELM WUNDT-father of modern psychology
2.SIGMUND FREUD-father of psychoanalysis, and psychosexual theory
3.JOHANN HEINRICH-father of education and pedagogy
4. IVAN PAVLOV-classical conditioning
5.BURRHUS F. SKINNER-operant conditioning.
6.DAVID AUSUBEL-meaningful learning
7.JEROME BRUNER-discovery learning,spiral curriculum
8.ALBERT BANDURA-social cognitive learning theory.
9.EDWARD LEE THORNDIKE-law of readiness and exercises
10. KURT LEVIN-life space content.
11.KOHLER-problem solving by insight, insightful learning
12.URIE BROFENBRENNER-ecolog­ical theory
13.SANDRA BEM-gender schema theory
14.HOWARD GARDNER-theory of multiple intelligence
15.ELLIOT TURRIEL-Social domain theory
16.LAWRENCE KOHLBERG-moral development theory
17.ROBERT STERNBERG-triathlon theory intelligence
18.ERIK ERIKSON-psychosocial­development theory
19.MA. MONTESSORI-transfer of learning, kindergarten preparation of children.
20.EDWARD PAUL TORRANCE-creative problem solving
21.CHOMSKY-linguistic acquisition theory
22.JEAN PIAGET-cognitive learning theory
23.JOHN WATSON-behavioral theory
24.EDWARD TOLMAN-purpose behaviorism
25.BERNARD WEINER-attribution theory
26.DANIEL GOLEMAN-emotional intelligence.
27.TITCHENER- structuralism psychology
28.ROBERT GAGNE -sequence of instruction
29.ABRAHAM MASLOW - hierarchy of needs , motivation theory
30.BENJAMIN BLOOM - bloom's cognitive taxonomy
31.DAVID KRATHWOHL - affective domain
32.LEV VYGOTSKY - socio-cultural theory of cognitive devt , linguistic theory, Scaffolding
33.JOHN LOCKE - tabularasa , empiricism
34.CHARLES COOLEY - looking glass self-theory
35.JOHN FLAVEL - metacognition
36.ARNOLD GESELL - maturation theory
37.JOHN DEWEY - Learning by doing
38.DAVID FROEBEL - Father of kindergarten
39.AUGUSTE COMTE - Father of Sociology.
40.JOHN AMOS COMENCIUS - Fr. of modern education.

Professional Education Notes

1. Law of Readiness - preparedness
2. Law of Exercise - practice makes perfect
3. Law of effect - satisfaction
4. Law of primacy - learn first / first impression
5. Law of Recency - now/most recent are best
remembered
6. Law of intensity - impact/ exciting
Ex. Role playing
7. Law of Freedom - right to freedom
8. Law of importance - essentials
BEHAVIOURISM
A. Classical Conditioning (Ivan Pavlov)
Two stimuli are linked together one Neutral + one Natural Response.
Adhesive Principle
- response attached to stimulus to evoke new response.
Experimentation:
(Salivation of Dog and Ring of the bell)
Ringing of bell- stimuli
Response - Naglalaway ang aso
Unconditioned Stimulus:
- automatically produces an emotional or psychological response.
Unconditioned Response:
- Naturally occurring emotional or physiological response.
Neutral Stimulus:
- a stimulus that does not elicit a response.
Conditioned Stimulus:
- evokes an emotional or Physiological response.
B. Operant Conditioning (Bf Skinner)
Experimentation:
skinner Box (rat)
Reinforcement - increase behaviour
Punishment - decrease behaviour
Positive Reinforcement -
may binigay na gusto ng bata.
Negative reinforcement -
taking something away for the good of students.
Positive Punishment -
may binigay na ayaw mo / something unpleasant.
Negative punishment -
tinagangalan ng bagay na gusto ng bata.
C. Connectionism theory/S-R (Edward Thorndike)
- specific stimulus has specific response
Law of Readiness- hinahanda mo sila
Law of Exercise- nagpapadrills
Law of Effect - satisfying effect
Secondary Laws of Learning
RIP
Law of primacy - dapat tama ang tinuro sa una.
Law of intensity - dapat fun ang learning
Law of Recency - mas natatandaan ang previous.
Other law:
Law of association By Aristotle
Law of similarity - recall similar object
Law of contrast - recall of opposite object
Law of Contiguity - recall of an activity which is frequently related with the previous one.
D. Social Learning Theory
By Badura
Experimentation: Bobo dull
- may pinaggagayahan
- focus on observation learning
Social learning theory
4 steps;
1. Attention - focus
2. Retention - store information
3. Reproduction - to perform the observed
behaviour
4. Motivation - be motivated
E. Purposive Behaviorism/ sign Learning theory
By (tolman)
Expirement: Rats
- reinforcement is not essential to learning
- bridge between behaviorism and cognitive theilory
- Learning is acquired through meaningful behavior.
According to Tolman, in all learning some intelligence is atwork. It is the learner who actively participates on the act of
getting new experience. He organises his perceptions and observations and gives meaning to them. He explains the
theory of rats in teaching the goal through many trials as a result of insight or making cognitive map of the maze.
COGNITIVIST
A. Meaningful Learning Theory
By (David Ausubel)
"Reception not discovery"
- advance organizer
- use of graphic organizer
B. Cognitive Development (piaget)
a). Sensory - 0 to 2 years old - permanent object
b). Pre-operational - 3 to 7 years old - egocentric
Symbolic function
- Centration -
refers to the tendency of the chikd to only focus on one aspects of a thing or event and exclude other aspects EXAMPLE:
when a child presented with two identical glasses with the same amount of water, the chikd will say they have the same
amount of water. however, once water from one of the glasses is transferred to an obviously taller but narrower glass, the
chikd migh say that there is more water in the taller glass.
"The Child only Focus (centered)".
Irreversibly-
Pre-operational children still have the inability to reverse their thinking. They can understand that 2+3 is 5, but cannot
understand that 5-3 is 2.
Animism -
This is the tendency of children to attribute human like traits or characteristics to inanimate objects.
When at night, the child is asked, where the sun is, she will reply, "Mr. Sun is asleep."
Transductive reasoning -
This refers to the pre-operational child's type of reasoning that is neither inductive nor deductive.
Example: since her mommy comes home everyday around six o'clock in the evening, when asked why it is already night,
the child will say, "because my mom is home".
c). Concrete operational - 7 to 11 years old - begin learning logical reasoning.
Decentering -
This refers to the ability of the child to perceive the different features of objects and situations.
This allows child to be more logical when dealing with concrete objects and situations.
Reversibility -
The child can now follow that certain operations can be done in reverse. For example, they can already comprehend the
cummutative property of addition, and that subtraction is the reverse of addition.
Conversation-
This is the ability to know that certain properties if objects like number. Mass, Volume, or area do not change even if there
is a change in appearance. Because of the development of the child's ability of decentering and also reversibility, the
concrete operational chikd can now judge rightly that the same as when the water was shorter but wider glass.
Seriation -
This refers to the ability to order or arrange things in a series based on one dimension such as weight, volume or size.
d). Formal operational - 13 to onwards years old -
Thinking becomes more logical.can solve abstract problems and can hypothesis.
Hypothetical reasoning -
The ability to come up with different hypothesis about a problem and to gather and weight data in order to make final
decisions or judgement.
(What if questions)
Analogical reasoning -
This is the ability to perceive the relationship in one instance and then use that relationship to narrow down possible
answers in another similar situation or problem.
Deductive reasoning -
This is the ability to think logically by applying a general rule to a particular instance or situation.
For example, all countries near the north pole. therefore, Greenland has cold temperatures
C. Schema/Schemata theory
By: Bartlet
Schema-
- refers to the prior knowledge
Assimilation -
This is this is the process if fitting a new experience into an existing or previously created schema.
Accomodation-
This is the process if creating a new schema.
Equilibrium -
Achieving proper balance between Assimilation and accommodation.
If not match our schemata we experience
"Cognitive disequilibrium"
D. Gestalt principle of Visual perception
By Gestalt
- determine what we see/percept.
Laws of Gestalt
Gestalt means "whole".
Law of similarity -
Kapag kapareho
Law of pragmanz or Law of Good Figure -
Symmetry order- brain will perceive ambiguous shapes in as simple a manner as possible for example, a monochrome of
the Olympic logo is seen as a series of overlapping circles rather than a collection of a curved lines.
Law of proximity - refers to how close elements are to one another. The strongest proximity relationship are those
between overlapping subjects, but just grouping objects into a single area can have a strong proximity effect.
Law of Continuity - posits that the human eye will follow the smoothest path when viewing lines, regardless of how the
lines were actually drawn
Law of Closure - "fill the gap"
is one of the coolest gestalt principles and one I already touched on at the beginning of this piece. It's the idea that your
brain will fill in the missing parts of a design or image to create a whole
E. Insight learning theory
By wolfgang kohler
- sudden grasping of the solution, a lash of understanding, without any process of trial and error.
Learning happen in sudden -"Eurika"
(Aha moment)
Expirement: monkey names (Sultan)
Believes that the whole is more important than the parts.so Learning takes place as a whole.
F. Information processing theory
By (Richard Atkinson & Richard Shiffrin)
Sensory memory - it holds information that the
mind perceives through various senses.
(small capacity).
Short term memory - last around 30 seconds.
(Short Duration)
Long term Memory - has an unlimited amount of space as it can store memories from a long time ago to be retrieved at a
later time.
Long term memory
1. Episodic Memory
- recalling episodes (events)
2. Semantic Memory
- knowledge of a general Facts, principles and concepts.
3. Procedural Memory
- refers to "know how" as opposed to "know about".
G. Cumulative Learning
By Robert Gagne
Gradual development of knowledge and skills that improve over time.

1.The most reliable measure of central tendency when there are extreme scores
●Median
.
2. Iah's score from her LET are the following: 92, 88, 91. What is the median?
●91
3. What can be inferred from a low standard deviation? ●Scores are homogenous
4. A high negative discrimination index means that: ●More from the bottom group answered the test question
correctly
5. When a student scored P80 on a single test, that means: ●He scored higher than 80 percent of the class
6. Which of the following is an accurate depiction of an authentic assessment? ●Performing first-aid measures to
scald burns
7. Which of the following is a characteristics of a norm-referenced testing? ●The performance depends on the
scores of his batch mates
8. Which of the following is a correct statement about validity and reliability? ●A valid test is always reliable
9. Which of the following is a characteristics of a norm-referenced testing? ●The performance depends on the
scores of his batch mates
10. A difficulty index of .92 means that the item is: ●Very easy
11. Which of the following is an accurate depiction of an authentic assessment? ●Performing first-aid measures to
scald burns
12.Which of the following is an example of a formative test? ●Quiz
13. Which of the following types of tests is most vulnerable to biases? ●Essays
14. A leptokurtic distribution signifies that: ●All scores are average
15. If a distribution is skewed to the right, this implies that: ●The scores are very low
16. Which of the following is the best method to imcrease the reliablity of a test material? ●Increase the number of
items
17. This thinking strategy refers to narrowing down ideas from big concept to smaller ones? ●Convergent Thinking
18. This refers to the collection of works, artifacts, and pieces of a student and may serve as a basis for
assessment: ●Portfolio
19. Which of the following does Not describe a holistic rubric in scoring ●It uses at least 3 or more basis
20. Which of the following types of tests is most vulnerable to biases? ●Essays
21. Withitness means: ●That the teacher knows everything that happens around the four corner of the classroom
22. When a teacher jumps from one topic to another without assessing of the students are ready to absorb the
instructions, this practice depicts: ●Thrust
23. What can be inferred from a low standard deviation? ●Scores are homogenous
24. If a distribution is skewed to the right, this implies that: ●The scores are very low
25. When a teacher is able to perform multiple, different activities at the same, this shows: ●Overlapping
26. Which is an incorrect practice in test construction? ●When using numbers as options, arrange them in a
descending order
27. Under the new version of Bloom's Taxonomy of conitive processes, which of the following belongs to the top
level? ●Generating
28. Which is the basic form of cognitive process according to Bloom's? ●Knowledge
29. Which of the following forms of punishment is least likely to affect students negatively? ●Surprise quiz
30. The following are examples of extrinsic motivation, except? ●Community service
31. This is also known as the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 ●K-12
32. Subject matter, Activities, Evaluation, Assignment, Sequence of a lesson plan ●Determine the objectives
33. A student makes the teachers and his classmates busy and asks everyone to give him special attention. What is
the student's hidden message? ●The students wants to feel connected
34. Which of the following serves as a pre-requisite to employment and will ensure that only competent teachers will
be granted privilege to teach to schools? ●Licensure and registration
35. Which of the following correctly describes inductive reasoning? ●Arriving to a main idea demo smaller topics
36. Which of the following laws prescribed licensure examination for teachers and will strengthen the regulation of
the practice of teaching in the Philippines? ●RA 7836
37. Which of the following will disqualify a teacher to become a member of the board of professional teachers? ●A
naturalized Filipino citizen that has 15 years of continuous teaching experience
38. Which of the following shall receive the highest budgetary allocation according to the Philippine Constitution?
●Education
39. According to the law, she can be referred to as a para-teacher. Which of the following is not correct about
para-teachers? ●These teacher failed to reach the minimum GWA of 75 but have grades below 75
Kylie scored 74.80 from the recent LET.
40. Which of the following is most likely be related to existentialism? ●Free choice
41. Which of the following is NOT true about periodic merot examination for teachers according to RA 7836? ●This
shall encourage continuing personal growth and development
42. While teaching Mathematics, Teacher Janus noticed that his students show interests on dancing. He then
decides to change the topic and teaches concept about dancing and shows to them dance perdormances from the
internet. What philosophy of education is shown? ●Progressivism
43. If a teacher wishes to enjoy study leave, she will get how many percent of her salary while on study leave?
●60%
44. What is the focus of education during the Commonwealth Period? ●Nationalism
45. Which of the following is the focus of Spartan Education? ●Military training
46. Teacher Vanessa receives a death threat because she gave her student a failing grade. She knows that passing
the student will make her less credible as a teacher but will save herself from being harmed. She then decided to
pass the student to avoid danger. Which of the following is observed by Teacher Vanessa? ●Principle of Double
Effect
47. Which of the following actions of a teacher violated the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers?●Having
practice prejudice and eliminating discrimination against any learner
48. This type of conscience makes the person see that he sins but actually he/she does not. ●Scrupulous
49. K-12 curriculum is what type of subject-centered curriculum? ●Spiral
50. Which is the closest to the real thing? ●Performing real life task
51. Which of the following helps the learner to retain information best? ●Doing
52. A globe is an example of a ●Model
53. Which of the four pillars of learning focuses on the competencies of a certain individual on a particular skill?
●Learning to do
54. Which of the following involves enactive representations according to Bruner? ●Action-based
55. Which does not show acculturation? ●Learning from your American parents their traditions
56. A Venn Diagram is most likely to be used when: ●Discussing the similarities and differences of prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells
57. Teacher Iah wants to show her students the percentage of Math major, science major, social science major,
english major and tle major based on the whole population of BSED students in the school where she teaches.
Which of the following types of graph should she use? ●Circle graph
58. Which of the following traits of Filipino can be considered both a negative and a positive trait?●Pakikisama
mentality
59. he ability of a child to realize that 1 liter of bottled water has the same quantity even if the water will be placed on
a plastic pitcher or a pale is called: ●Conservation
60. Ana is a 13 year old high school student who thinks that death penalty should be implemented in her own
countries as she believes that there are other ways to punish oppressors and teach them to be better citizens. She
should be under what stage of Piaget's theory? ●Formal operational
61. Lawrence Kohlberg focuses more on which of the following aspects of child development?●Morality
62. Which does not show acculturation? ●Learning from your American parents their traditions
63. A toddler wishes to go the restroom alone and wishes to care for himself if not treated properly will have develop
or lead to which of the following psychosocial stages based on Erikson's model? ●Doubt
64. This is known as a girl's psychosexual competition with her mother for the possession of her father. ●Electra
Complex
65. The parts of human personality in which instinct and primary processes manifest: ●Id
66. Which of the following shall receive the highest priority accordin to Abraham Maslow's model on ●Warmth
humanistic needs?
67. In Grace Goodell's Reading Skills Ladder, which of the following takes precedence? ●Basic sight words
68. Which of the following is not true about Language Acquisition among children? ●Chomsky explains in his model
thay children acquired language solely through exposure.
69. This model shows reading as an active process that depends on reader characteristics, the text, and
●Interactive the reading situation
70. A child who has spatial intelligence will most likely enjoy which of the followong activities? ●Solving puzzles
71. It is the average, most commonly used and in greatly affected by extreme scores ●Mean
72. Who is the proponent of respondent conditioning? ●Ivan Pavlov
73. It is the middlemost of measures of central tendency and most reliable when there is extreme scores ●Median
74. Which of the following teacher most likely demonstrates Bandura's work in teaching? ●She shows the student
how a dance should be performed.
75. It is the most frequently used measures of central tendency ●Mode
76. Which of the following refers to the law of effect by Thorndike? ●If the end result will be beneficial to the student
he/she will probably perdorm well
77. It is the highest score minus the lowest score and is the simplest of measures of variability ●Range
78. ZPD is concept popularized by: ●Vygotsky
79. It is how spread the scores are from the mean and most reliable measures of variability ●Standard Deviation
79. It is the square of standard deviation ●Variance
80. Very easy/reject ●0.81-1.00
81. Very difficult/reject ●0-0.20
82. Easiness ●Difficulty index
83. Differentiate Upper group to lower group ●Discrimination index
84. Difficult/revise ●0.21-0.40
85. More from upper group/retain ●Positive Discrimination index
86.Moderate/retain ●0.41-0.60
87. Easy/revise ●0.61-0.80
88. More from lower group/reject ●Negative discrimination index
89. Cannot determine/reject ●Zero discrimination index
90. Measures what it intends to measure ●Validity
91. Consistency ●Reliability
92. Standard, criteria, specific target ●Criterion referenced
91. Others, class, batch mates ●Norm referenced
92. Scattered, far from the mean, heterogenous ●High standard deviation
93. Pen and paper, multiple choice, cognitive ●Traditional assessment
94. Divide by 9. Median is S5 ●Stanines
95. Clustered, near from the mean, homogenous ●Low standard deviation
96. Real-life application, holistic ●Authentic Assessment
97. Peakedness ●Kurtosis
98. Before instruction, strengths and weaknesses ●Diagnostic
99. Divide by 100. Median is P50 ●Percentile
100. Normal curve, bell-shaped, most scores-average, few scores are high and low ●Mesokurtic
101. Taller, more peaked, almost if not all scores are average ●Leptokurtic
102. Divide by 10. Median is D5 ●Decile
103. During instruction progress, gaps, quizzes ●Formative
104. Flat curve, scores are heterogenous ●Platykurtic
105. Divide by 4. Median is Q2 ●Quartile
106. Afetr instruction, evaluative learning ●Summative
107. Not biased, multiple choice, matching type, wide level of objectives, guessing ●Objective
108. Guide for scoring ●Rubrics
109. Biased, essay, wide sampling of ideas, bluffing ●Subjective
110. Single basis ●Holistic
111. Memorization ●Knowledge
112. Multiple basis ●Analytical
113. Understanding ●Comprehension
114. Use ●Application
115. Classroom Management Model ●Kounin
116. Breaking down ●Analysis
117. Eyes at the back ●Withitness
118. Synthesis
●Putting together
119. Multi-tasking ●Overlapping
120. Jumping from previous topic to new topic and vice versa ●Flip-flop
121. Judgment ●Evaluation
122. Narrowing ●Convergent thinking
123. Not able to return ●Truncation
124. The students are not ready ●Thrust
125.Widening ●Divergent thinking
126. Increase a response ●Reinforcement
127.Weakens a response ●Punsihment
128. General to specific ●Deductive reasoning
129. Outside ●Acculturation
130. Specific to general ●Inductive reasoning
131. Inside ●Enculturation
132. External, shallow, money ●Extrinsic motivation
133. Cognitive development ●Piaget
134. Internal, noble, social work ●Intrinsic motivation
135. Senses and motor (0-2) ●Sensorimotor
136. Hidden message: notice me
Requires special treatment
Keeps others busy ●Attention seeking
137. Egocentric, children tend to see only their point of view(2-7) ●Pre-operational
138. Hidden message: i am hurting
Get even
Violent ●Revenge seeking
139. (7-12) ●Concrete operational
140. 12-above
Abstract reasoning ●Formal operational
141. Hidden message: i want to help
Gets bossy ●Power seeking
142. Classical conditioning or respondent conditioning ●Pavlov
143. Hidden message: show me how
Refuses to participate ●Isolation/Withdrawal
144. Operant conditioning ●Skinner
145.Back to basics ●Essentialism
146. Social learning theory
Modelling
Imitation ●Albert Bandura
147.Traditional ●Perennialism
148. Trust vs. Mistrust ●Infant
149. Free choice ●Existentialism
150. Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt ●Toddler
151. Change ●Progressivism
152. Initiative vs. Guilt ●Preschool
153. Social change ●Social Reconstructionism
154. Industry vs. Inferiority ●School age
155. Practical use ●Pragmatism
156. Identity vs. Role confusion ●Adolescence
157. Labor/vocational training ●Japanese
158. Values, beliefs, affective, attitude ●Idealism
159. 2 options but each has both positive and negative effect ●Double effect
160. Senses ●Empiricism
161. 2 negative options but the other one is less evil ●Lesser evil
162. Intimacy vs. Isolation ●Young adult
163. With knowledge and intention ●Formal cooperation
164. Without knowledge and intention ●Material cooperation
165. Create new knowledge ●Constructivism
166.Pleasure ●Hedonism
167. Generativity vs. Stagnation ●Middle adult
168. More people will benefit ●Utilitarianism
169. Environment ●Behaviorism
170. Sure ●Certain
171. Ego integrity vs. Despair ●Late adult
172. Unsure ●Doubtful
173. Survival ●Pre-spanish
174. Hypocrite ●Pharisaical
175.Mouth ●Oral
176. Religion ●Spanish
177. Insensitive ●Callous
178. Thinks shes right but shes not ●Lax
179.Anus ●Anal
180. Thinks shes wrong but shes not ●Scrupulous
181. Nationalism ●Commonwealth
182.Sex organs ●Phallic
183. 10% ●Read
184. 20% ●Hear
185. Free basic education ●American
186. None ●Latentcy
187. 30% ●See
188. 50% ●Hear and see
189. Sex organs through opposite sex ●Genital
190. Reader to book ●Top down
191. 70% ●Say and write
192. Book to reader ●Bottom up
193. 90% ●Do
194. Action ●Enactive
195. Active process ●Interactive
196. Images ●Iconic
197. Language ●Symbolic
198. Trend or progress ●Line graph
199. Comparison ●Bar graph
200.Percentage ●Circle or pie graph
201. A process by which a conditioned response is lost. ●Extinction

ACTUAL LET
1. Prime factor of 273
2. Prime factor of 56
3. Tanong na 8% of 3mthns of 6000 ans 6120
4. Filipino American- Bienvenido santos
5. Father of modern psychology
6. Shape of the earth - Sphere
7. Shape of a brick
8. Skype
9. Brain of the computer- CPU
10. Wife of Andres Bonifacio- gregoria de jesus
11. Earliest form of writing- alibata
12. Unang tao sa pinas - negritos
13. Salitang ugat ng saliksik
14. Salitang ugat ng pag babago
15. The proposed project _____ within the budget of the school
16. Impertinent - irrelevant
17. Transmuted - Change
18.The empty board _____ on the table
19. She wrote a “First-rate”report - excellent
20. Cleanliness
21. Reciprocal
22. First labor union in the country- union obrero democratica
23. religious missionaries first arrived in the phils-Augustinians
24. Father of local government code
25. Prime numbers are there in between 1-1000
26. How many ways can 5 girls in row of 5 seats
27. The sum of three consecutive intergers 123
28. Modernisasyon ng wikang pambansa- 1974
29. Damage DNA- mutation
30. What is true about Metalloids
31. Acid rain
Prof.ed
1. Erik erikson theory paulit ulit ilang questions ang about sa theory nia
2. Blooms taxonomy
3. Learning of and learning for
4. Types of assessment
5. Pragmatism
6. Piaget
7. Tabularasa
8. Mean,median
9. Curriculum assessment
10. Learner centered

PEN NAMES OF FILIPINO PROTAGONISTS

ANDRES BONIFACIO – May Pag-asa, Agapito
Bagumbayan
ANTONIO LUNA – Taga-Ilog
EMILIO AGUINALDO - Magdalo
EMILIO JACINTO – Di Masilaw, Tingkian
GRACIANO LOPEQ JAENA – Diego Laura
JOSE MA. PANGANIBAN ¬– JoMaPa
JOSE RIZAL – Dimas alang, Laon laan
JUAN LUNA – Buan
MARCELO DEL PILAR – Plaridel, Dolores Manapat,
Piping Dilat
MARIANO PONCE – Tikbalang, Naning (Satanas),
Kalipulako
MGA URI NG PANGUNGUSAP
WALANG PAKSA:
1. EKSISTENSYAL – mayroong isa o higit pang tao
Halimbawa: Mayroon daw puno sa bakuran.
2. MODAL – nais/pwede/maari (Gusto ko matulog.)
3. PANLIPUNAN – pagbati, pagbigay galang atbp.
4. SAGOT LAMANG – “Talaga?”, “Oo”
5. SAMBITLA – masidhing damdamin (Aray!)
6. TEMPORAL – panandaliang kalagayan o panahon
KAYARIAN:
1. PAYAK – iisang kaisipan
2. TAMBALAN – dalawang sugnay na ‘di makapag-iisa
3. HUGNAYAN – madalas nagsisimula sa kung, dahil sa
4. LANGKAPAN – mahabang pangungusap
MGA URI NG KWENTO
1. PABULA (fable) – hayop
2. PARABULA (parable)– Bibliya
3. ANEKDOTA (anecdote) – tunay na buhay
4. MITOLOHIYA (myth) – diyos at diyosa (pinagmulan)
ASPEKTO NG PANDIWA (Verb)
1. PERPEKTIBO – tumakbo
2. IMPERPEKTIBO – tumatakbo
3. KONTEMPLATIBO – tatakbo
KAANTASAN NG PANG-URI (Adjective)
1. LANTAY – walang pinaghahambingan
2. PAHAMBING ¬– inihahalintulad
3. PASUKDOL – nangingibabaw (H: pinakamataas)
MGA URI NG TULA
1. PATULA (Moro-moro)
2. PASALAYSAY (Epiko, Awit, Korido)
Teacher Ceppee
MGA AWITING BAYAN
1. DALIT/HIMNO – pagsamba sa anito o pang-relihiyon
2. DIONA – kasal
3. DUNG-AW – patay (pagdadalamhati)
4. KALUSAN – paggawa
5. KUMINTANG – tagumpay (pandigma)
6. KUNDIMAN – pag-ibig
7. OYAYI – pagpapatulog ng bata
8. SOLIRANIN – pagsasagwan
9. TALINDAW – pamamangka
PAGBABAGONG MORPONEMIKO
1. ASIMILASYON – Parsyal (pangsukli), Ganap (panukli)
2. MAY ANGKOP – wikain mo – “kamo”
3. MAYSUDLONG/PAGDARAGDAG NG PONEMA
- muntik – muntikan, pagmuntikan, pagmuntikanan
4. METATESIS – linipad – nilipad
5. PAGKAKALTAS NG PONEMO – takipan – takpan
6. PAGLILIPAT-DIIN – laRUan (playground) - laruAN (toy)
7. PAGPAPALIT NG PONEMA – madapat – marapat
MGA URI NG PANGHALIP/PRONOUNS
1. PANAO/PERSONAL PRONOUN – ako/I etc.
2. PAMATLIG/DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN – ito/this etc.
3. PANAKLAW/INDEFINITE P. - isa, all, anyone etc.
4. PATULAD – ganito, ganyan atbp.
5. PANANONG/INTERROGATIVE P. – sino, when etc.
6. PAMANGGIT/RELATIVE P. – daw, umano, which, who
MGA AKDANG NA MAY IMPUWENSYA SA MUNDO
AKLAT NG MGA ARAW – China (by Confucius)
AKLAT NG MGA PATAY – Egypt cults & myths (by Osiris)
AWIT NI ROLANDO-France (by Doce Pares, Roncesvalles)
BIBLIYA – Palestino at Greece
CANTEBURY TALES – America (by Chaucer)
DIVINE COMEDIA – Italy (by Dante)
EL CID COMPEADOR – katangian at history ng Spain
ILIAD o ODYSSEY – Myths of Greece made by Homer.
ISANG LIBO’T ISANG GABI – Ugali sa Arabia at Persia
KORAN – Arabia (Muslim Bible) MAHABRATA – India
UNCLE TOM’S CABIN – about slaves that becomes the basis of democracy. (by Harriet Beecher Stowe of U.S.)

INTELLIGENCE TEST-This test measures the intelligence quotient (IQ) of an individual as genius, very superior,
high average, and average, low average, borderline or mentally defective.
PERSONALITY TEST-This measures the ways in which the individual's interest with other individuals or in terms
of the roles an individual has assigned to himself and how he adopts in the society.
APTITUDE TEST-This kind of test is a predictive measure of a person's likelihood of benefit from instruction or
experience in a given field such as arts, music, clerical work, mechanical tasks, or academic studies.
PROGNOSTIC TEST-This test forecast how well a person may do in a certain school subject or work.
PERFORMANCE TEST-It is a measure which often makes use of accomplishing the learning task involving
minimum accomplishment or none at all.
 DIAGNOSTIC TEST-This test identifies the weaknesses of an individual's achievement in any field which serves
as basis for remedial instruction.
ACHIEVEMENT TEST-This test measures how much the students attain the learning task.
PREFERENCE TEST-This test is a measure of vocational or academic interest of an individual or aesthetic
decision by forcing the examinee to make force options between paired or group items.
SCALE TEST-this test is a series of items arranged in the order of difficulty.
SPEED TEST- this test measures the speed of accuracy of the examinee within the time imposed. It is called
"alertness test".
POWER TEST- this test is made up of series of items arranged from easiest to the most difficult.
STANDARDIZED TEST-this test provides exact procedures in controlling the method of administration and
scoring with norms and data concerning the reliability and validity of the test.
TEACHER-MADE TEST-this test is prepared by classroom teachers based on the contents stated in the syllabi
and the lessons taken by the students.
PLACEMENT TEST- this test is used to measure the job an applicant should fill in the school setting and the
grade or year level the student or student should be enrolled after quitting from school.

ASTRONOMY NOTES
• Largest circular storm in our solar system is found in Jupiter.
• The rapidly moving stream of charged particles that is being driven away from the sun is known as Solar Wind.
• Biggest known asteroid is Ceres.
• One Mercurian year is equal to 88 Earth days.
• Largest volcano in the solar system is Olympus Mons found on Mars.
• One Jupiter day is equal to 9 hours 50 minutes.
• Between 1979 and 1998, the farthest planet from the sun was Neptune.
• The sunspot cycle is 11 years.
• The Hertzsprung-Russel Diagram directly compares temperature and luminosity of stars.
• The Andromeda galaxy is spiral.
• The Milky Way galaxy is 100,000 light years across.
• The smallest planet in our solar system is Pluto.
• The only planet with a moon almost as big and as heavy as the planet itself is Pluto.
• Neil Armstrong landed on the moon on 1969.
• The only planet with a day longer than its year is Venus.
• Pluto’s moon is called Charon.
• The area between Saturn’s two rings is called Cassini’s division.
• Heliocentric means around the sun; geocentric means around the earth.
• Neptune’s moon Triton has an ocean made of liquid Nitrogen.
• The first man to classify stars according to their brightness was Hipparchus.
• The nearest star to the sun is Proxima Centauri, also known as Alpha Centauri.
• The greatest distance of a planet from the sun is called aphelion (A for Away). The smallest distance of a planet
from the sun is called perihelion (P for Proximal or near).
• The main component of the atmosphere of Mars is Carbon Dioxide.
• Jupiter has a mass greater than the combined masses of all the planets.
• The summer solstice usually occurs on June 21.
• The only two planets that do not have their moons or natural satellites are Venus and Mercury.
• The constellation Andromeda is also called the Chained Maiden.
• Taurus is the brightest star in Aldebaran.
• A comet’s tail always points away from the sun.
• Spectral line splitting due to the influence of magnetic fields is called Zeeman Effect.
• 99.8 percent of asteroids have orbits between Mars and Jupiter.
• A Red Giant has a low effective temperature (3000 to 4000 Kelvin) and a radius of around 100 times the Sun’s.
• When three celestial bodies are in a line or collinear, it is called a syzygy.
• Pluto has the most eccentric orbit around the sun.
• Beads of light visible around the rim of the moon at the beginning and end of a total solar eclipse are called Baily’s
Beads.
• The last planet Voyager II visited is Neptune.
• Only 0.001% of the Sun’s mass has been converted into energy.
Prof ed-assessment of Learning
1.Criterion reference test
-the students mastery of objectives
2.Define the instructional objective
-first step in planning an achievement test
3. Standard deviation
-Validity
4.Central tendency
-mean,median and mode
5.Positively skewed score distribution
-most of the scores are low
6.Normal distribution
- mean,median and mode are equal
7.Negatively skewedu
means that students perform well in the said examination or the scores of the students concentrated on the right
part of the curve.
good performance of the students
8.Normal distribution curve, a T-score or 70
two SDsabove the mean
T score=10z+50
z=2
9. Mean is to measure of central tendency as quartile deviation
10. Skewed to the right
-most of the students got scores below the mean,which means that the examinees performed very poor.
11. Median
-equivalent to the 50th percentile
12. Skewed score distribution
-scores are concentrated more at one
end or the other end.
13.Skewed to the left
-if the class is composed of bright students .High scores concentrated at the right part of the distribution.
14. -2SD and +2SD in the normal curve
- 95.44
From mean to 1SD is 34.13%
From mean to -1SD is also 34.13%
From 1SD to 2SD is 13.59%
From -ISD to -2SD is 13.59%
The are under the normal curve is
34.13%+34.13%+13.59%+ 13.59%=95.44%
15. Generousity error
if a teacher gives additional grade to the students who performed well in the class or in the examination,then he
commits generousity error.
16. Mode
defines as the number that occured most in the distribution most.The distribution is also classified as unimodal.
17. Formative test
is done after or during discussion.Feedback from the said exam can be used to determined whether the students
have mastery of the subject matter.
18. Positive discrimination index
more from the upper group got the item correctly.
19.Norm-referenced statements
you are comparing the performance of a certain students with the performance of other students.
20.Negatively skewed score distribution
the student consist of academically good
students
most of the scores of the students
concentrated at the right part of curve
21.Content validity
validation that refers to the relationships between a test and the instructional objectives.
establishes the test measures what it is
supposed to measure.
22. Measures of Variability
variance
standard deviation
range
interquartile range
mean deviation
23.Range
If teacher gets the difference between
the highest score and the lowest score.
Formula=highest score-Lowest score
24.Positively skewed
left side of the curve
25.Normal curve distribution -1SD to +1SD
68.26%
because -1SD to mean is 34.13%
and from mean to 1SD is also 34.13%
Thus the sum is 68.26%
26.Median
The scores of the students is a tutorial
class are as follows 82,82,85,86,87,94,98
the score 86 is the median
it is the middle most score in the
distribution.
27. 0-.20
difficulty index range
28. -0.46 discrimination index
more students from the lower group
answered item correctly
29. Multimodal
is a score distribution that consist of
more than modes.
30. Median is the most appropriate measure of central tendency to used when the distribution is skewed
31.Negatively skewed distribution
most of the scores of the test-takers
above the mean
32.Positively skewed distribution
the mean is greater than the median
33.TOS
Table of Specification
34. Range(types of variation)
is easily affected by the extreme scores,if there is a change in either the highest score or lower score the value of
the range easily change.
35. Mean(types pf central tendency)
easily affected by the extreme scores.
if there is a changes in highest score
the mean vallue pulled up
while if the lowest score become
smaller,the valueis pulled down.
36. Sentence completion test
word association test and thematic
appreciation test are all projective test.
37.Anecdotal report
are notes written by the teacher regarding incdents at the classroom that might be needs special attention in the
future.
38.Sinforoso Padilla
father of counselling in the Philippines
39.Authentic assessment
assessment applying real life situation
40. Standardized test
to engage in easy scoring
41.Scoring rubric
very important and indespensable
42.Assessment for learning
emphasis on grades and honors
43.Difficulty index of 1
the test is very easy
44.Split half method and Kuder Richardson
measure internal consistency of the
test scores of the students.
45. Test-retest measures method
stability of the test scores
46.Parallel method
measures equuvalence
47.Grading on the curve/norm referenced
grading
the performance of a certain student
compared to the performance of other
students in the group

Prepositions of TIME AT, ON, and IN.

AT- usually sa exact time like at 7pm, at 3 oçlock, etc...
ON - is used with days and dates like on January 2, on Monday, on Tuesday, on the 4th of April, ganun.....
IN - is used with months and years like in April, in June, in 1990, in 2017...etc....
prepositions of LOCATION, AT, ON, and IN.
.AT- usually sa specific point like at the center, at the corner, and in addresses usually pag may number si house like
I live at #3 Roxas street, etc...
ON - is used with surfaces like on the wall, on the floor, on the table, on the ground, and in addresses usually paag
name lang ng street, avenue, road like
I Live on Roxas street, I live on Roxas avenue ganun.....
IN - is used when the thing is inside the boxlike structure like in the kitchen, in the room, in the hall..with addresses
naman use IN with cities, places like in Seoul, in the Philippines, in Mindanao, etc....

ENCULTURATION
- process of handling down of culture from one generation to tje succeeding one
ACCULTURATION
- process of passing culture from one who knows to somebody who does not know.
CULTURE
- the shared products of human learning
(Elements of Culture)
1. LANGUAGE
- an abstract system of words, meanings and symbols for all aspects of culture
2. NORMS
- standard of behaviors maintained by a society
3. SANCTIONS
- penaltiea or rewards for conducting concerning social norms
4. VALUES
- used to evaluate the behavior of others

82 POINTS GENERAL EDUCATION BOOSTERS!

1. Black sheep --- metaphor
2. Love sonnets -- Ophelia Dimalanta
3.Tatlong tuldok na sunod sunod -- Ellipses
4. Phantom of Delight -- Metaphor
5. Tinkle, tinkle, tinke -- Onomatopoeia
6. Naghihiwalay sa mga salita -- Kuwit
7.Pangatnig na nagbubukod -- Pamukod
8. Largest desert -- Sahara
9. First religious missionary in the Philippines -- Augustinians
10 Founder of La Solidaridad/Greatest Orator -- Graciano Lopez-Jaena
11. Ang paksa ay ibinibigay bago magsimula ang talumpati - Imprompto
12. Term of Marcelo H. del Pilar to friars -- Frailocracia
13.Arena theater proponent -- Severino Montano
14. Released by plants at night -- Carbon dioxide
15. Sala theater proponent -- Naty Crame Rogers
16. Shape of a brick - Rectangle
17. Protein shell of a virus -- Capsid
18. Hair-like structure -- Cilia
19. Author of Annabel Lee -- Edgar Allan Poe
20. Novels in letters -- Epistolary
21. Birthplace of Rizal -- Calamba, Laguna
22. Real name of Mark Twain -- Samuel (Langhorne) Clemens
23. Writ of Amparo -- Right to life, liberty, and security
24. Writ of Habeas Corpus -- Demand presence of the accused
25. Penicillin discoverer -- Alexander Fleming
26. Author of Doctrina Christiana -- Fray Juan de Plasencia
27. Light travels fastest -- Air
28. Protons of Silicon -- 14
29. Funji -- Yeast
30. Law of Bicameralism -- Jones Law
31. Pagbabagong anyo ng bayan -- Reduccion
32. Permutation 9P9 -- 362,880
33. Absolute mean -- 14.35/14.5
34. Agreement between Legazpi and Datu Sikatuna) -- Blood Compact (Sandugo
35. Hierarchy of Needs proponent -- Maslow
36. Oldest religion in Asia – Hinduism
37. Enrolled bills becomes a law - 90 days
38. "Lapse" - 30 days
39. SONNET – Lyric poem consists of 14 lines
40. HAIKU – Japanese poem about nature. 5, 7, 5 (3 lines and 17 syllables)
41. TANKA – Japanese poem: 5 lines, 31 syllables
42. BLACK VERSE – with meter but no rhyme
43. DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE – written in form of speech for individual character.
44.ELEGY – death of individual
45. EPIC – tells a story about heroic figure
46. EULOGY – message for the dead
47. FREE VERSE (vers libre) – without meter but with rhyme
48. IDYLL (Idyl) – peaceful, idealized country scene LYRICS - thoughts and feelings
49. NARRATIVE – tells story
50. ODE -typically serious/meditative nature, type of Lyric
51. PASTORAL –rural life in a peaceful & romanticized way
52. AIMS OF ERAS PRE-SPANISH – survival and conformity
53. SPANISH – Christianity/Religion
54. AMERICAN – democratic ideals and way of life
55. COMMONWEALTH – moral character, efficiency
56 .JAPANESE – progress
*gen ed - haiku 575
*tanaga 7777
*tangka 57577
*Tree releases carbon dioxide during? ~ evening
* tatlong tuldok na sunod-sunod = elipsis
*town criers~~~umalohokan
*Meaning of TOS ~~~table of Specifications
*Sage on stage ~~dispenser of knowledge
*Sa TLE lumabas ang Ohms Law sa electricity.
*sa plumbing naman-Which pipe is used through which rainwater passes from the root down to the ground. Answer
po is DOWNSPOUT
*End product ng citric acid?
*Negative effect of extended family~ FAVORITISM.
*Bicameralism~~ Jones Law
*Ang _____ay ang bantas na ginagamit sa pagitan ng panlaping IKA at Tambilang~~~GITLING
*"She is a lovely rose" is an example of~~metaphor
*Had I studied very well, I ___________ rewarded with vacation in the US~~would have been
*"She is a lovely rose" is an example of~~metaphor
*Had I studied very well, I ___________ rewarded with vacation in the US~~would have been
*___________ is an example of a non pathogenic microorganism~~ Probiotics as bifidobacterium
*First labor union in the Philippines~~~Union Obrera Demokratika
*The only remnant after world war II~~Philippine Independent Church
1. Fr. Pedro Pelaez- Secularization Movement.
2. Limited- Mother Financial Problem.
3. Polka- NOT a folk dance from Mexico.
4. Bodabil- A play NOT from the Spanish Era.
5. Acta de Tejeros- Rejected Aguinaldo as President.
6. Folklore- The Philosophy of oir folks during Pre-hispanic Era.
7. Katalinuhan- Basal o Di-Koncreto.
8. Spanish Surnames- by Narciso Claveria.
9. Leeches:Anticoagulation - Segmented:Worm
10. Biotechnology*
11. Teaching is like... Simile is not in the choices but METAPHOR* is there.
12. Rebirth- Rennaisance
13. Bitterness- Rancor
14. Oxygen- Waste product of photosynthesis.
15. Tissue- Group of cells.
16. Spencer- Survival of the Fittest.
17. Pagsang-ayon- Kasalungat ng pagtugol.
18. In Vitro Fertilization - Test tube babies.
19. Kuwit- Paghihiwalay ng mga sunod-sunod na pangungusap.
20. Pangungusap- Salita o grupo ng mga salit
21. P3,200- Manufactured bed P4,000 less 20%.
22. 20 Times - How many times digit 7 appears between 1-100.
23. Lupang Hinirang- Pamagat ng Nat'l Anthem ng Pilipinas.
24. Balagtasan- Uri ng pagtatanghal na binubuo ng paligsahan ng dalawang makata.
25. Elements*
26. Oxygen- These are compounds EXCEPT.
27. K-III - Anong grade tinuturo ang mother tongue.
28. Chat room-Science Subject.
29. Learning is an active process - What is violated when Teacher Ivon just lectures while students listen.
30. Pancreas- Organ who secretes insulin.
31. Multi-grade class- Combining 2-3 grade level
32. K-12- Kindergarten is compulsory before proceed to grade 1.
33. 45,46- Consecutive number whose sum is 91.
34. Developmental Portfolio- Penmanship skills of the students in the biggining, middle, and after the school year.
35. Persiflage- Praise glowingly.
36. Indefatigable- Tireless.
37. Working- The father finally found the time to rest after_____the whole day.
38. Irrelevant- Impertinent
39. I, II ( I-trial and error, II-stimulus response) - Behaviorism anchored with the theories related to.
40. 5x3x2x2x2- Prime factor of 120.
41. I, II, III ( I-Participative Learning, II- Constructive planning, III- innovative Planning) - Formulation of teachers
professional development plan.
42. Diksyunaryo- Kahulugan ng mga salita.
43. Routine*
44. Operant Conditioning- Skinner
45. Authentic Assessment- Real-life.
46- Developmental Portfolio- Display the drawings of the childrens.
47. Below 75- Did not meet expectation.
48. Pagkatakot- Gabi na ngunit bakit wala pa siya.
49. Brigada Eskwela- Bayanihan in School.
50. Drive- MotivationMarch 2018
51. Pre-conventional( Mutual Benefit) - reward, star, stamp.
52. Post-conventional(Common Good) - A taxi driver returned the baggage left by the passenger.
53. Blood Compact- Legazpi and Rajah Sikatuna in Bohol.
54. Sounds- Phonology
55. Socialization- Participafing and functioning members of the society by figting into organize way of living.
56. Drawing- Visual/Spatial.
57. Heirarchy of Biology Taxonomy - Has 8 levels.
58. Spiral Curriculum- K-12
59. Essentialism- Basic/Essential.
60. "Ganyan lang talaga"- Teacher Mediocrity.
61. Punishment- A quiz NOT as.
62. Should match with the objectives- Criterion reference.
63. Professional Licensed- Signed by the PRC.
64. CPU - brain of the computer.
65. Sa kanyang ama (Padre Damaso) - Saan namana ni Maria Clara ang kanyang pagka mestiza.
66. Resource Provider- Role of the teachers play when they help their colleagues by sharing instructional resources.
67. Deductive- From Generalization to Specific.
68. Motivation- Part of lesson developme t is concerned with mood setting.
69. Field Trip - Stimulate more senses.
70. Visual Imagery- Graphic Organizer.
71. Tax reform for Acceleration and INclusion-TRAIN Law means....
72. Archipelago - Philippines is an...
73. Has - Population in the Philippines_____increase tremendously.
74. Conservation- about Mother Earth.
75. Stress the positive aspects of culture- IP ( Indigenous People)
76. Spreadsheet - Performs computation.
77. Biosphere - Air, Water, and Land.
78. Philippine Qualifications Framework- What does PQF means.
79. Reforestation - Solution due to increasing global warming.
80. Long and Dictated - NOT characteristics in giving assignments.
81. Bread Provider- NOT the role of a Mother during Pre-Hispanic Era.
82. 45 units - CPD units need for teachers to renew the license BEFORE

ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING 1
TRADITIONAL ASSESSMENT – ito ay tumutukoy sa paggamit ng pen and paper sa isang objective test.
 ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT – bukod sa paper-and-pen objective test ay kabilang din sa method na ito ang
performance tests, projects, portfolios, journals, at iba pa.
AUTHENTIC ASSESSMENT – ito ay tumutukoy sa paggamit ng isang assessment method na may kaugnayan
sa totoong sitwasyon ng buhay.
● PURPOSES OF CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT
ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING – isinasagawa before and during instruction.
∞ Placement Assessment – isinagawa bago ang pagtuturo
= pag-assess sa needs ng mga estudyante
= upang ilagay ang isang mag-aaral kung aling grupo siya nabibilang na ayon sa kanyang learning style.
∞ Formative Assessment – isinasagawa habang nagtuturo
= patuloy na sinusubaybayan ng guro ang antas ng kakayahan ng mga stuyante sa mga learning objectives.
= upang malaman ang lakas at kahinaan ng mga bata sa pag-aaral.
∞ Diagnostic Assessment – isinasagawa during instruction.
= ginagamit ito upang matukoy kung saan bang area ng aralin sila nahihirapan.
ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING – isinasagawa pagkatapos ng instruction. Ito’y karaniwang tinutukoy bilang
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT.
= ginagamit upang patunayan kung anu ang alam at magagawa ng mga estudyante.
ASSESSMENT AS LEARNING – ginagawa ito para sa mga guro na maunawaan at maayos ang kanilang papel
na ginagampanan sa pag-assess ng learning.
● PRINCIPLES OF HIGH QUALITY CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT
CLARITY AND APPROPRIATENESS OF LEARNING TARGET – ang learning target ay na dapat na malinaw na
nakasaad, tiyak, at sentro sa kung ano ang tunay na mahalaga.
APPROPRIATENESS OF METHODS – ang learning target ay sinusukat sa pamamagitan ng naaangkop na
assessment methods. (Mode Assessment: Traditional, Performance, and Portfolio).
BALANCE – nagtatakda ng mga target sa lahat ng domain of learning; gumagamit ng pareho ng traditional at
alternative assessments.
VALIDITY – sinusukat kung ano ang ninanais na sukatin; Ay tumutukoy sa pagiging kapaki-pakinabang ng
instrument para sa isang naibigay na layunin.
RELIABILITY – tumutukoy sa pagkakapare-pareho ng mga marka na nakuha ng parehong tao kapag nag-retest
gamit ang pareho o katumbas na instrumento.
FAIRNESS – ay nagbibigay sa lahat ng mga mag-aaral ng isang oportunidad upang ipakita ang kanilang mga
achievements.
PRACTICALITY AND EFFECIENCY – ang impormasyon na nakuha ay dapat na nagkakahalaga ng mga
mapagkukunan at oras na kinakailangan upang makuha ito.
CONTINUITY – ang assessment ay magaganap sa lahat ng mga yugto ng pagtuturo. Maaaring gawin ito bago,
habang at pagkatapos ng pagtuturo.
AUTHENTICITY – makabuluhang Gawain sa pagganap; Malinaw na pamantayan; Mga dekalidad na produkto
at pagganap; Positibong pakikipag-ugnayan sa pagitan ng assessee at assessor; Pagbibigay diin sa metacognition
at self-evaluation; Pagbabahagi ng kaalaman.
COMMUNICATION – ang assessment targets at standards ay dapat na ipaalam; Ang resulta ay dapat na
ipaalam sa mga mag-aaral sa pamamagitan ng direktang pakikipag-ugnayan o regular na pagbibigay ng feedback
sa kanilang progress.
POSITIVE CONSEQUENCES
= Positive consequences to student: nag-uudyok sa kanila na matuto.
= Positive consequences to teacher: nakakatulong sa pagpapabuti ng pagiging epektibo ng kanilang pagtuturo.
 ETHICS – ang mga guro ay dapat na palayain ang mga mag-aaral mula sa kahihiyan at paglabag sa karapatan
ng mga estudyante o iba pang nakakapinsalang kahihinatnan; Ang mga guro ay dapat na magabayan ng mga batas
at patakaran na nakakaapekto sa kanilang pagtatasa (assessment) sa silid aralan;
● PERFORMANCE BASED ASSESSMENT – ay isang proseso ng pagtitipon ng impormasyon tungkol sa pag-aaral
ng mag-aaral sa pamamagitan ng aktwal na pagpapakita ng mga mahahalaga at kapansin-pansin na mga
kasanayan at paglikha ng mga produkto na pinagbabatayan sa mga realidad na konteksto sa mundo.
● PORTFOLIO ASSESSMENT – ito ay purposeful, ongoing, dynamic, at collaborative na proseso ng pagtitipon ng
maraming mga indicators ng growth at development ng mga estudyante.
= Working Portfolio – mga koleksyon sa araw-araw na Gawain ng mga estudyante.
= Show-case Portfolio – koleksyon ng mga pinakamagandang mga gawa o projects ng mga mag-aaral.
= Documentary Portfolio – kombinasyon ng working at show-case portfolio.
● RUBRIC – ay isang measuring instrument na ginagamit sa pag-rate ng isang performance-based task.
= Checklist – nagtatanghal at sinusunod ang mga katangian ng isang kanais-nais na pagganap o produkto.
= Rating scale – sinusukat ang antas ng kalidad ng gawa o pagganap.
∞ TYPES OF RUBRICS
Holistic Rubric – inilalarawan nito ang pangkalahatang kalidad ng pagganap o produkto.
Analytic Rubric – inilalarawan nito ang detalyadong katangian o kalidad ng isang pangganap o produkto.

Stimulus bounded- distracted by outside stimuli easily.

Horizontal mobility- a teacher in brgy. School transferred in town.
Vertical mobility- teacher being promoted as supervisor
Nuclear family- father, mother and their children
Extended family- parents and other relatives
Solitary play- children play toys by themselves
Onlooker play- children watch others play but not involved
Parallel play- children watch alongside not with each other.
Associative play- parehas ang kanilang nilalaro
Baduy- awkward looking
Transmuted- changed
Carnal- bold
Aplomb- composure
Loquacious- verbose
Profanity- obscenities
Rizal was born- calamba, laguna
Penchant- fondness
Eureka- discovery
Metaphor- "the lord is my sheperd"
Hyperbole- " he is the blacksheep in the family"
Geoffrey Chaucer- morning star of English lit.
Shakespear- "Bard of avon"
Nature- heredity, IQ, character traits
Nurture- environment
Phelogenetic- development follows orderly sequence
Ontogenetic- rate of dev. Is unique
Cepalocaudal- dev. From head to foot
Proximodistal- central access
Iconic- by seeing ex. Pictures
Symbolic- by symbols ex. Words and numbers
Inactive- learning by doing physical action
Socrates- " know thyself"
Plato- " wrote the republic"
Aristotle- "father of modern sciences"
Albert bandura- social learning theory/ modelling
Kohlberg- moral dev. Theory
Pavlov- classical conditioning
Skinner- operant conditioning
John amos comenius- " orbis pictus"
NCBTS -national Competency-based teacher standards
tanaga 7777
tanka 57577
Tree releases carbon dioxide during? ~ evening
tatlong tuldok na sunod-sunod = elipsis
town criers~~~umalohokan
Meaning of TOS ~~~table of Specifications
Sage on stage ~~dispenser of knowledge
Negative effect of extended family~ FAVORITISM.
Bicameralism~~ Jones Law
Ang _____ay ang bantas na ginagamit sa pagitan ng panlaping IKA at Tambilang~~~GITLING
She is a lovely rose" is an example of~~metaphor
Had I studied very well, I ___________ rewarded with vacation in the US~~would have been
She is a lovely rose" is an example of~~metaphor
Had I studied very well, I ___________ rewarded with vacation in the US~~would have been
___________ is an example of a non pathogenic microorganism~~ Probiotics as bifidobacterium
First labor union in the Philippines~~~Union Obrera Demokratika
The only remnant after world war II~~Philippine Independent Church
Sa mga Soc Sci major mag focus po kayo sa Economics
FREUD’S PSYCHOSEXUAL/PSYCHOANALYTICAL THEORY
1. ORAL (0-1 yrs. old) – Infant
2. ANAL (1-3 yrs. old) – Toddler
3. PHALLIC – Preschool
4. LATENCY – School Age
5. GENITAL – Adolescense
OEDIPUS – son to mom ELECTRA – daughter to dad
LAWS IN EDUCATION
PRC BR 435 – Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers
PD 1006 – Decree Professionalizing Teachers
RA NO. 1425 – inclusion of the works of Jose Rizal
RA NO. 4670 – “Magna Carta for Public School Teacher”
RA 7722 – CHED
RA 7796 – “TESDA Act of 1994”
RA 7836 – Phil. Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994
RA 9155 – BEGA (Basic Educ.) or DepEd Law
RA 9293 – Teachers Professionalization Act
RA 10533 – K-12 Law
ACT NO. 2706 – “Private School Law”
COMMONWEALTH ACT NO. 578 – “persons in authority”
KAUTUSANG PANGKAGAWARAN BLG 7 - PILIPINO NatlLng
PROKLAMA BLG 12 - Linggo ng Wika (Balagtas,Mr29-Ap4)
PROKLAMA BLG. 186 – Linggo ng Wika (Quezon,Ag13-19)
PROKLAMA BLG. 1041 – Buwan ng Wika (Ramos)
PHIL. CONSTITUTION ACT 14 – ESTACS
RA 1079 – no limit of Civil Service eligibility
RA 6655 – “Free Public Secondary Educ. Act of 1988”
RA 6728 – “Act Providing Government Assistance to
Students and Teachers in Private Education
RA 7277 – Magna Carta for PWD
RA 7610 – Anti-Child Abuse Law (Amendment: RA 9231)
RA 7743 – establishment of public libraries
RA 7877 – “Anti Sexual Harassment Act of 1995”
RA 7880 – “Fair and Equitable Access to Education Act”
RA 8049 – Anti-Hazing Law
RA 8187 – Paternity Act
RA 10627 – Anti-Bullying
SB 1987 ART. 14 SEK. 6-9 – FILIPINO (National Language)
Fathers of different Fields
★Father of Biology: Aristotle
★Father of Physics: Albert Einstein
★Father of Chemistry: Jabir Bin Hayan
★Father of Statistics: Ronald Fisher
★Father of Zoology: Aristotle
★Father of History: Herodotus
★Father of Microbiology: Louis Pasteur
★Father of Botany: Theophrastus
★Father of Algebra: Diophantus
★Father of Blood groups: Landsteiner
★Father of Electricity: Benjamin Franklin
★Father of Trigonometry: Hipparchus
★Father of Geometry: Euclid
★Father of Modern Chemistry: Antoine Lavoisier
★Father of Robotics: Nikola Tesla
★Father of Electronics: Ray Tomlinson
★Father of Internet: Vinton Cerf
★Father of Economics: Adam Smith
★Father of Video game: Thomas T. Goldsmith, Jr.
★Father of Architecture: Imhotep
★Father of Genetics: Gregor Johann Mendel
★Father of Nanotechnology: Richard Smalley
★Father of Robotics:;Al-Jazari
★Father of C language: Dennis Ritchie
★Father of World Wide Web: Tim Berners-Lee
★Father of Search engine: Alan Emtage
★Father of Periodic table: Dmitri Mendeleev
★Father of Taxonomy: Carolus Linnaeus
★Father of Surgery (early): Sushruta
★Father of Mathematics: Archimedes
★Father of Medicine: Hippocrates
★Father of Homeopathy: Samuel Hahnemann
★Father of Law: Cicero

CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT FOR TEACHERS SUMMARY

Follow Teacher Arnel - ABCRC LET Review
The Education Levels in the Philippines
Basic Education includes the following:
1. Kindergarten
2. Grade 1 – Grade 6 (elementary)
3. Grade 7 – Grade 10 (Junior High School)
4. Grade 11- 12 (Senior High School)
Technical Vocational Education
1. Taken care by the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA)
2. For the TechVoc track in SHS, DepEd and TESDA work in close coordination (Technology and Livelihood
Education (TLE) and Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) Track specializations may be taken between Grades 9
to 12. Exploratory Subjects at 40 hours per quarter are taken during Grades 7 to 8.)
Higher Education
Colleges with some courses. The new basic education levels are provided in the K to 12 Enhanced Curriculum of
2013
7 types of Curriculum According to Allan Glatthorn
1. Recommended Curriculum - The curriculum that is recommended by scholars and professional organizations.
Basic Education - Recommended by DepEd
Higher Education - Recommended by CHED
Vocational Education - TESDA
2. Written Curriculum - Documents based on recommended curriculum
Example: syllabi, course of study, module, books or instructional guides, lesson plan.
3. Taught Curriculum - The curriculum which teachers actually deliver day by day.
4. Supported Curriculum - Includes those resources that support the curriculum-textbooks, software, and other
media supporting materials that make learning and teaching meaningful print materials like books, charts, posters,
worksheets, or non-print materials like Power Point presentations, movies, slides, models, mock ups, realias
facilities – playground, laboratory, AV rooms, zoo, museum, market or plaza (places where direct experiences occur)
5. Learned Curriculum - The bottom-line curriculum it is the curriculum that students actually learn.
6. Assessed Curriculum - The curriculum which appears as tests and performance measures: state tests,
standardized tests, district tests, and teacher-made tests.
7. Hidden/Implicit Curriculum - This is the unintended curriculum. It defines what students learn from the physical
environment, the policies, and the procedures of the school. Not planned but has a great impact on students
Ways of Presenting the Curriculum
1.Topical Approach – Content is based on knowledge and experiences.
2. Concept Approach – Fewer topics in clusters around major and sub concepts.
3. Thematic – Combination of concepts.
4. Modular – Leads to complete units of instruction.
Criteria in the Selection of the Subject Matter
1. Self-Sufficiency – it is about helping the learners to attain the utmost independence in learning yet in an
inexpensive way. It is the most important guiding principle in selecting the content according to Scheffler. This
means, more of the results and effective learning outcomes though a lesser amount of the teacher’s effort and so
with the learner’s effort.
2. Significance – It is significant if fundamental ideas, concepts, principles and generalization are supplied in the
subject matter to achieve the overall aim of the curriculum.
3. Validity – The genuineness of a content selected is by its legality. The subject matter to be selected has to be
legal to avoid selecting the obsolete ones.; must be verified at regular interval.
4. Interest – The learner’s interest is a major factor in selecting the content; one of the driving forces of the learner to
learn better.
5. Utility - Deciding on subject matter, its usefulness is considered to be essential.
6. Learnability – if there is a quotation to “live within our means” then there is also the consideration of “teaching
within the means of the learners.”
7. Feasibility – content selection takes into thought the possibility, the practicability and the achievability of the
subject matter in terms of the availability of the resources, proficiency of the teachers, and the personality of learners
especially within the framework of the society and the government
Guides in Addressing Content in the Curriculum
1. Balance – Content should be fairly distributed in depth and breadth.
2. Articulation - As the content complexity progresses, vertically or horizontally, smooth connections or bridging
should be provided. This ensures that there is no gaps or overlaps in the content.
3. Sequence – Logical arrangement
- Vertically – For deepening the content
- Horizontally – For broadening the content
4. Integration – Relatedness or connection to other contents. Provides a holistic or unified view of curriculum instead
of segmentation.
5. Continuity – Should be perennial, endures time. Constant repetition, reinforcement and enhancement are
elements of continuity.
Four Phases of Curriculum Development
1. Curriculum Planning – Considers the school vision, mission, and goals; includes the philosophy or strong
education belief of the school.
2. Curriculum Designing – The way curriculum is conceptualized to include the selection and organization of content,
the selection and organization of learning experiences or activities and the selection of the assessment procedure
and tools to measure achieved learning outcomes. Also include the resources to be utilized and the statement of the
intended learning outcomes.
3. Curriculum Implementing – Putting into action the plan; it is where the action takes place; involves the activities
transpire in every teacher’s classroom where learning becomes an active process.
4. Curriculum Evaluating – Determines the extent to which the desired outcomes have been achieved. This is an
ongoing procedure as in finding out the progress of learning (formative) or the mastery of learning (summative)

Father of printing - JOHANNES GUTENBERG

Father of English Essay- FRANCIS BACON
Greatest English Writer- William Shakespeare
Greatest Sonnet Writer- William Shakespeare
English Literature- Geofrey Chaucer
Morning star of English literature - Geofrey Chaucer
Father of Horror and Detective Stories- Edgar Allan Poe
Foremost French Short Story Writer- Guy de Maupassant
Mythical Geographer - Homer
Greatest Orator- Cicero
Greatest Lyric Poem- Psalm of king David
Indian National Poet- RABINDRANATH TAGORE
Indian' Shakespeare -KALIDASA