Aralycic part Contatne the phases thal-ave dependen| en seas ae language cmd fndependent on tengel progres nog Z| Tt delecls the exrhe ty courte pregraxn apntackcatty Scemantiely > Te colleck the tm} ormalyon abot the £P ard ttored thin Syed) Table Synleeies past L,3t fomcee ooleine the phasee thal ave dependende en Target lomauag e. ond tndependept-o Cowsce Program, | TE conghucl the Target program from Intermediate reprecenlahin | Stoved fo the Syme table . | Backend ; Sowste Syntbeac past Program Code ophmixg) [Code Genera ne I Twtlermediate code iy “TWwo-pace (A mutt’ pace Compiles ——— |TOE cerenice of BUILDING A comiprleR> 9 compiles mus Accept all the Compile westere mud nd-ooly have complebe tdlea ch -the Compiler they Create, buball +he Programs that Jhets Comptla.e compiles Medeltng fn comprles Recign and -teplmenlalon: The shrudy cy compiles tc mainly a chudy f @ heww we decrgo the ight mathemakal smedele chawe the ight algorithn, | > Some 4 the mod Fundamental medele axe. | O GnAle dale machtne and Regular Eaprecsione que ucebul fer Aesestlotng the lexical unite 4 Programe 2. for deers Algosthone Used by the compiles to refatze thee unftc, Wi) Comtex Free Grammar i¢ uced tn detertoe the gyotactre Gructure dy the Pregramming lanquages, The &teore 4 cecle optim? galron= >The. “oplimtgahon’ 40 compiles desran ehers 4p the aiempls that a compile matec tp produce Code thalie Move ele rest shan the obyfoue code.Compiles ophimtgalton ud) med the following objeckves vThe oplimigalron muck be corre, that is preene the meant 4 compiles) peguan. * The optimiaalron much ‘improve. the peehosmance 4 meng Programs. © The compitalton time muck be Kept -seaconabie , Qn “the engine ephort required mush be manageable. eTt 1 nob guarantee that the opltniging compiles. chould produce Completely errs. jree code >Toplementalton 4 ugh level languages , > oplimigation for Computes Arehitectsaes > Resign of New Compules ~pxchileclne > pro “Fanclalin 2 ap produckutly too) Compile, Coney uelon tocle r= 7 Compiler wetter, amy they develops, use cho development toole tach ag edbthis, debuggese, vercton Momagens , pode ted hawnet.— an addttton to -thece fede, move Sperralized toole have been Csealed to tenplement Vawfous phacee of compile, t. lextool- ¢canne.. genaalas. Th 4akee Ypat RE 2 produtec op ac Stream df tokene, & partes qeombalis= yece tod — tt genesalec parce tue. 3. Spp engtnec— Gdlecton 4 Purmcltone axe uced ty -traversce the Leontt Analg Parce tee 2 geneale. Talermedighe Code GF Intermediale cede geneals. qeveala-— & Reem Pralyere Engine - code optimiaaltor ic dove . & compa conclyuclon tod kits peovide a0 folegealed cet 4 -aoultoee for conclruclng vartoue phaces 4 compile Kole the Lexital Aang ded [=e (othe fick phace f the compiles... | jo The Matn Haske 4 teizal Pralyges i to read ~the {yp cravacles. bre | the fource program, and qrup folo eternes awd pooduce | oS Sequence f tovene i¢ cent to parca for Syntax analysis, | Ls enter lexemes Constcking om idenlifies foto gyre! table. - SS Source Progra) f ial « An toteractton ie fenplemented ofits paves al -—_ ee Sugg cledl ay the NezkgeHokent> Command , uses ~ «© Th 2 t ; 4 to vead rea 4 chavactes- 477 le Yp wohl 4 Kenta) -Analy avd produces the ned toren, tk can tdeniby 4he next lexeme which tt veluvne to the Paved. 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A. undexore I» fa-z4+-2 TLa2s-204-7 ‘Token ctnformal Be cestpht Semple lexme | 7 chavactes % f i | eke characte. e, Ace elce | Compr. § ADA Csod=p=a1- <=, I= | letles letler folload by Geller §— pi, lexial Aral ae, ray net proceed if, 10 Pallem matching the prefix 4 Tematemng typ > Mhese Exe axe qendaled dusteg lexical andysie phate. Eonrmonty genetaled lexttal -tereag. " {pelling torts 5 (do psd, ¢-1) & unmatched chet Prtaly (hat > 5 3 Appearane 4 ‘legal charade — petolh (that")5 444 He ? Exceeding Whe length of ideotibicg- + In ¢ max length en Ons Reconesy Deliene | | (1) Aelele one chavaches from the vemaiy t/p—> dt addely ais ip-> pCrhas pregitloha') ab, dido ® amcak a sniceng chavacles folo the sematerng Gi) Replace one characles. by anolhes Chavecla W) trancpae -rw0 adfacest charac. —> TP ) Melele cucwcene charac. from the sy ip ust! Lo Tetogniae a wellformed token ( parte tmede. vee) kchigue 9 to sead topub chavaclexe from he Lource prgran. lst read Yp chavacleve Prom the gource Program LA uses -tw00 poiles< Pree ties coving closedin D leteme Begin pornles ADP, tne compel okt ®D Fowosd potolr vate meen (abt med & ‘ Execubion, | 4) = rk maint) op | L | Jo | (O scanned ith OREN ScannerI cg 2 - [Ir Jo] [REF ac 1 f j]por leceme begin pola o> lexeme Begin poinla. porole tothe Begining characles. dr the leteme. — Triltally The Forward poinle 1s placed ak begining characte: | : ewe, > fick Fonoard poroles reads 4st characte and moves one pottlton to the vBht 40 read the next chasacles. C0) ome €pace then tk rol’ te concrdesed ot —s whenever Forward petnis reachec @ bl Identefiea tag the end fi lexene- $0, the " Toren, | >The FP fgnorec she blank epare, lezeme begin poinles. and Foroard paroles ave plated at nett chara.cles. horal>- remeBegiopotnHt ) male faye) | ih 4] ¢ Fi stovenantoHlFonterdpomes). 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Ly The uce 4 tp buberty i indlead reaching a einge ehavacles rom secondary Memory, dhe bloce 4 chavacles ave weed, we ave ucing Bubpering Techn fgus, PE bar RT Us it vequives on Suryeem Al to read HE pp © scanned win ox Samet— aa Bll eign ee implemenhd tn WY one Bufher Schemes SM hic dechntque we ave tetng only oe bubher by sead the topak ¢ Fi = Wit Hechnigue aleo we ave uctag (i> lexeme Begin porole We Forward potmtes to vead yy Up chasaclery from thy bubbdy (ble FL-TS12) lexeme begin potter The problem with thic appreach f¢ i} the ip Sting sige te larga. than thom he capacrly $ the buds then the bubley hac to be ovenuden foordes to clove the rematotng Yp chi 91> Vp ching S00 Bullercize i¢= 100 [Ia T=} overstdddy (A Thie problem cam be solved 4 Laeteg two-bufher eheme Wino Buffer scheme y= 3m ie technique, ucee hoo Bubfer to lore ip charadiag ia TL Lg RA elews €a)- Upshing= 520 FP pp 00 [i Jo] Inop> Baller L \ [top> wee WlelBL ep sie tsk Tn hit approach, ts the tubers ie filled, Ptastes veo 26 Abler the five bubfer ic Completely Filled, Theo only we wil fel) he Setord bujpa. 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[> lee ic a ded Aa languog cahteh i¢ eed) bo generate the athe lezzal emalyaa, > lexical analy aes cpect pies a Regulas caprecefore and thece RE ave ced 4p repreces Ihe pattern fos tokenc, Exealing lexrcal-analyacs_with [lex comptes. tromdoemy ; iS Up pattem foto IZ Counce. ram : lex. yy.e travaittend ing xa exit rm Compiles. Agende acale, | Called. texyyc] | desqyc é Q-bul- Compile toput dem —f aout | Sequence 4 -tobeng — lez Compiles compilec feat ttle amd producee q frle lex gyre = leryyc Program it gwen at Hp ¢ compiles nit compte thie prog aan binaxy awd produces a binasy (4 object file catied aout > Then we need give input to aout and produces Tokenc, Stuclure 4 lex prgrcery | Let program conlaine 2-Cechton UW Redarakiong (trancalion Rulec | (i) Awaiting Funcling See es wl eee O scanned with OREN Scaonerre SS Reclarakong 41, Tyanclalron Sulec Ay. “Aextllzay fanchong , { iG ) Reclavabione'= | i> Reckralion chon te mately ueehul tnosdi to declaraleum | lc Vaxiablee awd conclank, | Syolex: 7 f Sif Variable, conclant, Toba, by hy fod coun! =o; A Redasaltey eeclion ic aléouced to dr gt lo-4] 4 RE debine the Regulas tprecersy Bilt 26-2] Gi) randalton Ruleg= | —STranclalion Rulee ave uted: to epeeity the Pater rule. | Tremtlaton eulee ave defined to bho deh Lol. Syntax hf, | “Tromelin tuleg | Ld. Ke lon Spec the vule fo the form 4 patlesn followed boy Delton Pattern) LActon} nN Re Ge a C-lamguag ¢ clalemnent) pp? Patterns — SHckvon 4} patlerne —$nclronay 4 hy Lr mot oe © scanned with oxEN Scanner+ aid’ Bure tury sll 7 ton Funclione:= ss uged to define “he func ined inthis ecto, ~> Dll the funchone that are needed cme defined ia) ec i de, Relalvonal £9 lex Program tw recegntae tdenktier, Keqworde , Rela ; Speralde 2 numbers. feed. is Becognj ge Token It defiralren- by lex progoawy for ve 9 | ILE, €a, NE, GF Ge, IF, WEN, ELEETD, UMBERS, elope 7 A, NE, GT GE, TF, TH 7 LDN =) RElops J “1 ‘i egulad. debrorbroncae] leHey [a-z4-23 drt [o-97 thf Nestea (Steter fait a detien [w\n] WSS delim yt Dumberer Ht LAGAYC Jagat 2Cet4 a7 Sdigh YO? Lid prey £14 00 action amd No veler ne)Y ¥ SF veluny (LEY) then { relursy (THEN); elee § velurn (ercey;y Lid dyylval = Cin ineaitrec 9» Feleorm Can); rumba F yy tual = (int) InelallNumoy yen KupeR)}} wae J yytvat slty rrelern (Retopyo- eal LH) SS ——____ eae a i Lyytal =i + Yelum (REL; ] Y wag =" Lyytval sty Yekorn CRetopy’y j ol Pyy val = ne 5 relemncreiopyy, Lygivat = Gry velum CREP} Lyglval = Ge, relay (REtopy 77 oF tndante > { Hefundioe to tela) the leveme , whose fiyeb chavacler_ | '< printed 4p bY WY tect, ond hace length Te Yaleng. fob the Sprnkd cable nd sehen 4 potmber here tox) “wo tndlal tame) 4 |v cronlas to Tele 7D, byt pac numestea amelom) foto a seperate table 34] Piotte Aatewealas— > Fintte tedomala Biabereg en FINITE AuTomaraz= ; 2 Finite automata ave enegviaere Mey Sieoply ay est And] about ach poccide dav, > For she given language We conde a Fnete authongta, FO ic Uked ty chece that-for the given Big te preseotin language (6) Nob 5 pacgle! gia IS am abehack computa device thie a mathemalical model 4. a syclem wis didvele pale, oulpac late ond sek stranesttons dram Stale ty ate tat arom i wo alphabe? 5 on Wp symndt m0 ap | AIAN Vaca a{ | Theve oe Agree he Pintle Automd. @nra CNon: Relerminichic Baile aulomala) R HNPA concicle ds Dupe NFA=( 9,5, 5,40/P) NFL Gm have nutt lalee (2 tranertting) >T_ NFA Single Yp dic Grin to multiple clalec & ull clelec, > WE tom repretot NEA A BEG by trans tiny qa. 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Towne ton Funcloy- ~The mapping (A) Frometton function ic denokd vy 6 — two pavarelerc are poked ty ramet hm Sunciay G> turret dale LO ip £ymbd (4 ta > Tromelin fundin walume @ dlgle Le ned date. = 6 (401 D= J (D C4oiD=4, ge Yom & cry sii neth de Iannone il [Come] f ‘© scanned with OREN Scanneri SAD 4 | al ee — —_@) wen Raniesien vee for (alb yo | A eplowvee 4 Tnpub den nen . byt 6) | The Path labeled by aabb sano © = de®) 9 6.0 sa bg Bagg (2° ie Pah eg icp) Severa) Pathe (beled by the tame. Shateg od lead 40 the dips | (i) daa es Lin Wie pally soseg te nob acepht) bub sana Choow “the pal which i¢ carte from ‘ailzal late to jfiral alate, co the rel pal ie conederedd, AFA! (Welermnielze rays DFA= (9, =, 5,40, F) > PFA ic & Special face FA where » O= QX5=Q ; 1 i = Fini There ave molec on input €, and pep arte For each leben | fopat | a, there ie exacly one ont PAE enbol a, te S labeled Go= titra) \Aeart cl + * F= Final tlale Conehuckon 4. AF AL 6 = Tromehn torch eye Shing ending with @ Subelrtg depiy Becide he mfp rod Chale vagutred 40 condrut AEH | Ssbeling length=n tof Shales =1-+1 | Slepa: Rectde teak or whtch you sot coneluch ie Sleps: Conthud the 96a for abo decided sing Clecaye Prebes. to go us ba Slep4' hey Conebrucon F FA, Lend the Leb over poccitle. iets | | he she clasttng late. eats Shing ending with You" | Over Z>$0,14 | | Regular. Expression = (of) Min Nod=2 Cubelys 1 > a ; | Q 0 ; aol | Dax 1 @) [Nee cage Prefer go wit, NO SF te cata Pah Crh a nas pub ONY When conde find a path ‘togo wit) © scanned with OREN Scaoneree an | wa ter aoe ak na nding. ‘th Fabby over ¢- tab) aus | zi aa, ch i‘ b aabb ew aah ae. > ee | | Shing lasting vith Subchtng , | —> Nog Slatee - Nt2 77th this left over poxcrite Combinaltone axe connechedl to neal dak equ: Shing lasting Ah Mab! over ca 1a, by Steal @4 @e © be Re= ablaley* Subchiig ab al \ a r, Nod Clabes = 242. abcd a oak Ge, Shing tartwith a" over Z= fab) Re~ a(alb* 4 ele am. thing q i Bee cle mr i aaa deat bb =3 3 Ctang Glas softy 19)" Over yp s= 101% pew vol ol. * Sukthing = 10) lon no-f dakr= 24> hid =5 to to} EP S94 Conchuct om AEA that cheuld atl ut, “oon” ove tps=10, 1), Re = ooulehd* S Oot) 1 QD 0 001) at ff 0. O | gy! Oo0o00\) ROS ©o1001) Q Oovoolfrom plas. -Capressien bo tutomala c= Comvercten 4 om NEA to RE Se -® Subset Condructon method }= | = “te a. end with “ab” oves “biphatel = | oy NFO | Slept ite hove 40 vartte all the aubeet cla | tab) Q= S4erts bY cubsk= 24, Ip) Joh Abie UL Mobb ino tioaay Tp he qrven set IPA Conteto & shales 0 elements the rods | powle tubseke ave 239 qe 922, cubsele = 2%=8 | | | | Skpri= trometer sane fount 1 | | | | | __ fopuk aa | Sf OK 6 | d ¢ | ¢ (St | fon) te 5 | | e | ¢ $ | $00 Lory | ote} ly Jao | $0 | L4ek f Jaoph 6 An » Lorre dtr} Ltorto4 | | | ! | j © scanned with OREN Scanner“7 NOW , We ave gate 4p alterfinale the unwound cales Ske conchuclton af a@eA —ponsthoy