Q1: What is sound?

A1: Sound:
Sound is the form of energy related to the vibrating motion of molecules.

Q2: How is the sound produced?

A2: Production of Sound:
Sound is produced by vibrating sources placed in a medium.

Q3: Define compressions and rarefction in the sound waves.

A3: Compression:
Compressions are regions where air pressure is slightly higher than the
surrounding air pressure.

Rarefaction:
Rarefaction all reasons where air pressure is slightly lower than the
surrounding air pressure.

Q4: Explain Electric bell jar Experiment:

A4: Sound cannot travel through a vacuum, demonstrated by the following experiment.
Experiment:
Take an electric bell and an airtight glass bell jar and then suspend the electric
bell inside the jar. Connect the bell jar to a vacuum pump; When you switch on the electric
bell, you can hear the sound of the bell coming from inside air and glass material. Now start
the vacuum pump. As the air in the jar is gradually pumped out, the sound becomes fainter,
although the same current is passing through the bell and hammer that strikes the gong.
After a while, you will hear the faintest sound, when there is less air.
The electric bell still produces the sound, but now we can't hear it. This is because sound
waves always need a medium to propagate sound energy. In the bell jar, it was a vacuum
hence sound waves can't travel.
This experiment makes sure that the bell doesn't touch glass and that the connecting wires
used are thin. This prevents the sound energy from being transmitted through the glass and
wires to the outside of the jar as the hammer vibrates vigorously.
Q5: Define speed of sound.
A5: Speed of sound:
The speed of sound is defined as the distance which a point on a wave,
such as compressions or rarefaction travels per unit of time.
We know,
Speed(v) = distance / time
v=λ/T
Where λ is the wavelength of the sound waves. It is the distance traveled by the sound wave
in one time period (T) of the wave. Thus,
v = λf (∵ 1/T = f)
Or. v = λf

Q6: Describe the factors that affect the speed of sound.

A6: Factors that affect the speed of sound:
The speed of sound is affected by a variety of
factors. Two of the factors affecting the speed of sound in the air are given in detail below.
1.​ Effect of temperature:
Temperature is also a condition that affects the speed of
sound. Heat is a form of energy that depends upon the kinetic energy of molecules.
Molecules of the medium and higher temperature have more energy. Thus, they can
vibrate at a higher rate. As the molecules vibrate faster, sound waves can travel more
quickly. The speed of sound at room temperature (25°C) in the air is 346 meters per
second. It is faster than 331 meters per second, which is the speed of sound in air at
(0°C).
The formula to find the speed of sound at temperature T in the air is given as follows:
v = 331× √(T / 273K
Here v is the speed of sound, and T is the absolute
temperature of the air. This formula shows that the speed of sound in air is directly
proportional to the square root of the absolute temperature. Thus, the temperature of
the air increases, so the speed will also increase.
2.​ Effect of humidity:
Humidity also affects the speed of sound in the air. The effect of
water vapour on the speed of sound is minimum than that of dry air. The presence of
motion in a replaces Oxygen and nitrogen gases that reduce the density of a
because the molecular mass of water vapors (Molecular mass =18) is less than that
of oxygen (Molecular mass =32) and nitrogen (Molecular mass =28) gases since the
speed of sound in Jesus are inverse related to the square root of its density ( V ∝ 1 /
√ρ )
Thus, humidity increases, the density of the air decreases and
sound travels faster.

Q7: Define the following terms:

1.​ Quality
2.​ Loudness
3.​ Pitch
4.​ Sound intensity
A7: The definition of the following terms are as follow
 1.​ Quality:
It is defined as the characteristic of sound by which we can distinguish
between two sounds of the same loudness and pitch.
2.​ Loudness:
It refers to the ability to distinguish between a loud and a quiet sound.
3.​ Pitch:
It is the quality of sound that distinguishes between a shrill and a flat sound.
4.​ Sound intensity:
It is defined as the power carried by sound waves per unit area in a
direction perpendicular to that area.

Q8: Define musical sound.

A8: Musical sound:
The sounds that are pleasant to our ears are called musical sounds.

Q9: Define noise.

A9: Noise:
Sound which has unpleasant effect on our ears is called noise.

Q10: Define echo.

A10: Echo:
The repetition of the sound after the reflection is known as an echo.

Q11: What is ultrasound?

A11: Ultrasound:
The sound with frequencies above the upper limit of the human range of
audibility is known as Ultrasound.

Q12: Define audible frequency range.

A12: Audible frequency range:
The range of frequencies of sound that a person can hear is
called the audible frequency range.

Q13: Define Infrasonic:

A13: Infrasonic:
Sound with frequencies below the lower limit of the human range of
audibility is known as infrasonic.