BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering

Course no :EEE 306

Course Title: Power System I Laboratory
Experiment no: 05
Name of the Experiment: Study of BUET Power Plant and Sub-stations

Submitted By:

1. Tanvir Hossain ; Student ID: 1906040

2. Jonaidul Islam Sikder ; Student ID: 1906041
3. Junaid Jalal ; Student ID: 1906042

Section:A2

Level/Term:3/1

Date of Performance:15 January, 2023

Date of Submission:26 February, 2023

Objective:
The objective of this study is to get an exposure to a realistic small power plant and 11 kV substations.

Introduction:
BUET has a 5.8 MW power plant and its own distribution network and sub-stations to meet its electrical
energy demand. The power plant is located at West Palashi campus of BUET and uses natural gas and
diesel as its primary source of energy. The power plant supplies electricity to four sub-stations through
underground cables at 400V. The sub-stations are used to distribute electrical energy to main campus of
BUET, residential halls, residential quarters, and Palashi Bazar to meet the full electrical demand.
The peak demand of BUET campus at present is approximately 2.5 MW during the summer season. The
electrical energy is received from the power plant from early morning till mid-night. From mid-night till
early morning, electrical energy is taken from the Dhaka Power Distribution Company Limited (DPDCL).
The changeover is done automatically by Automatic Transfer Switches (ATS) located at each sub-station.

Places Visited:
1. BUET Power Plant, West Palashi Campus, Dhaka
2. Substation behind BUET Power Plant, West Palashi

Sub-stations:

There are four substations in BUET power distribution system. The four sub-stations are:
1. Sub-Station located in the BUET Main campus
2. Sub-Station located near Kazi Nazrul Islam Hall
3. Sub-Station located near Dr. M. A. Rashid Hall
4. Sub-Station located behind the BUET power plant at West Palashi
Schematic Diagram of BUET Power Plant:

Figure 1: Schematic Diagram of BUET Power Plant

The figure illustrates the power generation and distribution network flow chart of the BUET power plant.
BUET power plant consists of four generators, of which, three run on natural gas and the remaining one
runs on diesel. The generators are designed to produce a line voltage of 400V. As a result, no transformers
are needed since the voltage at the load end of our campus is also 400V.
BUET also has arrangements to take power from DPDC lines. The supply from DPDC is at 11kV. So, step
down transformers are needed to step the voltage down from 11kV to 400V. These transformers are located
in the substations which convert the voltage level as per the requirement. Two 11KV underground cables
from DPDC deliver power to BUET at two different locations. One from the Azimpur Substation (DPDC)
to Dr. M. A. Rashid Hall Substation, and another from the Dhanmondi Substation (DPDC) via Dhaka
University to BUET Main Substation. Of the four substations, three of them take these two supplies from
DPDC by means of an RMU (Ring Main Unit).
Since power is being received from DPDC besides being generated at the power plant, Auto Transfer Switch
or ATS is needed for the co-ordination. ATS is connected to main bus connecting the generators at the
power plant on one side and on the other, it is connected to the transformer stepping down the DPDC line
voltage. The output is an outgoing power supply supervised by DPDC.
There are 4 generators in our power plant. Two of them have a power rating of 2MW, one has a rating of
1MW and the remaining one has a rating of 800kW. First three generators run on natural gas. The latter one
runs on diesel. The generators use internal combustion (IC) engines for power generation. Since diesel is
expensive, diesel generator is kept off for most of the time. The natural gas generators are enough to meet
the demand.
Since IC engines are employed as the prime mover of the generators, a lot of energy is wasted as thermal
energy. The efficiency of the generators is thus limited to 30%-40%. A cooling system is required to absorb
this excessive heat. The power plant has a cooling system on the roof of the building of the power plant.
The gas needed to run the engines also comes from three different lines to the three IC engines. Lubrication
is needed to reduce the friction and protection of the mechanical parts of the machine. Lubricating oils are
used in this regard. For starter circuit, 24V lead acid batteries are used. Starters are needed at the beginning
to run the generators as motor to initiate the engines. Also, blowers are needed to get rid of the exhaust
gases generated in the 2MW IC engines while fan is enough for the 1MW IC engine.
Control Panels are used to operate the generators. The control panel is located beside the generator room.
The generators are connected to a common bus via control panels. The common bus is then connected to
the ATS located at the substations. There are also some other components like H.T meter, H.T. switch gear,
L.T. switch gear, Vacuum circuit breaker, PFI plant, feeders to establish the whole distribution network.
BUET Power Plant:

BUET Power Plant is situated at the West Palashi Campus, to the left of the entrance, in front of the
ECE building.

Figure 2: BUET Power Plant (Entrance)

There are two red buildings at the BUET power plant, one of which contains the 3 gas generators and the
cooling system on the roof, and the other contains a diesel generator. A substation with 3 transformers is
located at the rear of the building. There are 3 main areas of the building: generator room or engine room,
control room and radiator room. There are three generators in the engine room of the first building. They
are all gas generators. The three gas generators are rated at 2 MW, 2 MW and 1 MW respectively while the
diesel generator is rated at 800 kW.
The specifications of thegenerators have been given below:

Specifications Gas generator Gas generator Gas generator Diesel generator

(1 MW) (2 MW) (2 MW)
(1) (2)
Engine Model Caterpillar Caterpillar Caterpillar Mitsubishi
G-3516 G-3520C G-3520 MGS1000B
Fuel Natural Gas Natural Gas Natural Gas Diesel
kVA Rating 1288 2465 2437 1000
kW Rating 1030 1972 1950 800
Power Factor 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
Frequency 50 50 50 50
Voltage (V) 400 400 400 400
Current (A) 1859 3557 3517 1443
Speed (rpm) 1500 1500 1500 1500
Insulation Class H Class H Class H Class H

Different Components of the BUET Power Plant:

1. Generator:The generators are all 4 pole synchronous generators located inside the generator room
which is the largest room in the power plant.

2. Engines:For the 3 generators, there are 3 IC engines. These engines are used as prime movers of
the generator. The 2 MW generators’ engines have 20 cylinders in total with 10 cylinders on either
bank arranged in a V configuration while the 1 MW gas generator’s engine is a V16 engine,
implying 16 cylinders with 8 of them on either bank arranged in a V configuration. The diesel
engine is a V12 engine, i.e., it has 12 cylinderswith 6 of them on either bank arranged in a V
configuration. The engines have turbochargers for increased efficiency. Turbochargers create an
air-fuel mixture with a ratio of 11:1 that is pumped into the engines during the input stroke.
Turbochargers are analogous to economizers used in boilers.
 Figure 3: Caterpillar Gas Engine inside BUET Power Plant

Figure 4: Mitsubishi Diesel Engine inside BUET Power Plant

3. DC Batteries: Four 12 V batteries and a high torque motor are used to start the generator. The
batteries are connected in series-parallel combination to create two sources of 24 V connected in
parallel.

4. Gas Supply System:Natural gas is used as fuel for three of the engines which is supplied by
TGTDCL (Titas Gas Transmission and Distribution Company Limited). The gas supply system
consists of three parts-inlet pipes, gas filters and exhaust port. A filter purifies the inlet gas. The
exhaust port releases the exhaust gas in the atmosphere after each power stroke. Filters are used in
the exhaust port too.
The pressure of the supplied gas is reduced in 3 steps before being supplied to the engines.

Figure 5: Gas Supply System

5. Cooling System: The cooling system consists of separate mechanisms for the engines and for the
generators. The gas engines are cooled using water and as the output of the diesel engine is much
lower, air cooling is enough for that one. Blue colored pipes are used for supplying cold water while
the red colored pipes carry away the heated water. The generators need cooling too as they are
subjected to friction and windage losses, copper losses, etc. However, the heating problems of the
generators are not as severe as those of the IC engines and air cooling is adequate to solve those.
The 1MW generator uses a fan for cooling while the 2MW generators use blowers to bring air in
for cooling.

6. Lubricating System: Lubricating oil helps to run the machines smoothly, to avoid damage and
friction. They also absorb heat from the machine.
Control Panel Room:

The control room has the generation, cooling, and distribution controls that are required to control the
generators. Each generator is equipped with its own controls. The three gas generators each have three
control units, two of which are identical for the 2MW generators. The 1MW generator's control unit is older
than the others. This area also houses the shared bus that connects the outputs of the three gas generators.
Generator 1 has two control panels, while Generators 2 and 3 each have one. The control panel is a
generator's brain. It regulates or monitors all of the machine's mechanical and electrical components,
including the flow of fuel, ambient air, exhaust, lubricating oil volume and temperature, alternator winding
temperature, aftercooler inlet and outlet temperatures, jacket water inlet and outlet temperatures, radiator
fans, and others. The total amount of power produced by each generator can be seen using control panels.
Each control panel comes with main breakers that can be used to completely separate the alternator side
from the electrical system in an emergency. The primary breaker connects the generators to the generator
bus.Each control panel has two portions, one of which is used to track generator characteristics. "Terberg
Control Systems" is the manufacturer of this control panel. The panel's top display provides an interface
for the user and displays several parameters. A circuit breaker located inside the control panel handles the
output.

Figure 6: Control Panel UI Display for 2 MW Gas Generators

The other part of the panel is for cooling tower controls. It can adjust flow of cooling water, speed and
function of radiator fans on the rooftop. The two 2MW generators have identical control panels.
The 1MW generator is older than the others. It has no digital display, rather the indicates are analog gauges.
The gauges monitor the bus and generator frequencies and voltages, power factor, current and power
supplied.

Figure 7: Control Panel Gauges for 1MW Generator

Circuit breakers in the switch box are used to connect the 2 MW generator to the common bus; in this
instance, the connection is made by pushing on, and the disconnect is made by pushing off. The other two
generators' control panels function similarly. Sliding the shared bus up or down connects or disconnects it.
This shared bus is connected to four generators.

Figure 8: Main Bus for Generator Connection

Inside the box is a small control panel for the diesel generator. Only the breaker, which connects to the
common bus, is located outside the housing case. Inside the case is a fan. Cool air enters through the
ventilation system, while hot air exits through a duct. The exhaust pipe above the generator housing only
removes engine exhaust.

Figure 9: Control Panel for Diesel Generator

Feeder Switchgears:

Switching equipment known as feeder switchgears connects each substation ATS to the main generator
bus. With the help of these switchgears, it is possible to choose which substations will receive power from
the generators, and the remaining ones will switch over to DPDC supply automatically. The main generator
bus power consumption at each substation can be seen from the feeder switchgears. There are a total of 9
switchgears.

Figure 10: Feeder Switchgears

Feeder Switchgear and Control Panel Data:

Table 1: Feeder Switchgear 2 Inputs (Main Substation)

Parameter Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Neutral

Line Voltage (V) 402.9 404.6 408.4 -

Phase Voltage 235.9 233.4 233.9 -

(V)

Current(A) 667 633 719 53

Power Factor(pf) .87 .87 .88

Real Power 425KW

Reactive Power 231KVAR

Overall pf .87

Frequency 50.51 Hz
 Table 2: Generator 1 Outputs from Control Panel 1

Parameter Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Neutral

Line Voltage (V) 400.8 405.6 409.9 -

Phase Voltage 236.1 232.2 264.6 -

(V)

Current(A) 2414 2365 2315 243

Power Factor(pf) .90 .88 .88

Real Power 1456KW

Reactive Power 792KVAR

Overall pf .88

Frequency 50.08 Hz
Cooling System:

As mentioned before, the cooling system consists of separate mechanisms for the engines and for the
generators. The gas engines are cooled using water and as the output of the diesel engine is much lower, air
cooling is enough for that one. Blue colored pipes are used for supplying cold water while the red colored
pipes carry away the heated water. The generators need cooling too as they are subjected to friction and
windage losses, copper losses, etc. However, the heating problems of the generators are not as severe as
those of the IC engines and air cooling is adequate to solve those. The 1MW generator uses a fan for cooling
while the 2MW generators use blowers to bring air in for cooling.
On the rooftop, one radiator holds 8–10 fans for each of the three generators. Each system is connected by
4 pipes. Two of them are for cooling with water. For hot water flow, these are colored red, and for cold
water flow, blue. The aftercooling is done using the other two pipes. Moreover, they are red for hot water
flow and green for cold. The mechanical components of the engine receive cool water through a blue pipe
from the cooling tower, which is located on the roof, and hot water returns to the cooling tower through a
red pipe after cooling.

Figure 11: Radiator Fans on the Rooftop

Figure 12: Red pipes carrying hot water from engine to radiator

Figure 13: Blue pipes carrying cold water from radiator to engine
Substations:

Substations are systems that increase voltage from low to high or decrease voltage from high to low. It is
an essential component of the power generation, transmission, and distribution system. Regular devices
cannot use high voltage power. To keep the current low, the voltage in the transmission line must remain
high; otherwise, line loss will be significant. This problem is solved by using a substation. It receives high
voltage power from the transmission line and supplies low voltage power to regular devices, allowing them
to operate smoothly. Substation can also do the opposite. The locations of the four substations at BUET
are:
1. Behind BUET power plant at West Palashi
2. Behind Dr. M.A. Rashid Hall
3. Kazi Nazrul Islam Hall
4. BUET Main Campus, opposite to Old Academic Building (OAB)

All the substations share some common equipment including:

1. Metering unit maintained by DPDC
2. Ring Main Unit (RMU)
3. HT Switchgears containing Vacuum Circuit Breaker (VCB)
4. 110 kV/400 V step down transformers
5. Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS)
6. LT Switchgears containing incoming and outgoing circuit breakers
7. HT and LT panel
8. Metering instruments (CT and PT)
9. Incoming and outgoing feeders
10. PFI (Power Factor Improvement) Plant
11. Protective relays
Substation Behind BUET Power Plant:

1. RMU:If there are multiple supply lines, RMU is required in the substation. Because this substation
receives power from only one DPDC line, RMU is not required. The line is linked to the HT meter.
2. Transformers:This substation is equipped with three 800 KVA transformers. They are all
rated at 11KV/400V. The transformers handle 2.4MVA total power. The control panels are
housed in a red building next to the transformers. Four wires connect the HT side of the
transformer (11 kV) to the HT breaker. There are three wires for each phase and one for neutral.
The LT (400V) side is linked to the ATS.

Figure 14: Three 11 kV/400V Step Down Transformers

3. HT Meter: This meter measures the power drawn from the DPDC line and BUET is billed by
DPDC according to its reading. From the HT meter, three lines go to the HT breakers.

Figure 15: HT Meter

4. HT Switchgear: Also known as vacuum circuit breakers, these switchgears connect to the HT
side of the transformers.
5. ATS: ATS is used to ensure that electrical power is delivered continuously from one of two power
sources to a connected load circuit. It functions as a transfer switch. Each load in the substation has
two input lines. One is from the LT side of a transformer (DPDCL supply line), and the other is
from the corresponding feeder switchgear in the main power plant. The output is connected to the
LT breaker panel. These three are arranged from top to bottom inside the ATS. All of these are set
to 400V. It functions as an SPDT switch, automatically switching between the DPDCL supply and
the BUET main power supply.
 Figure 16: Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS)
6. LT Switchgears:The substation has three LT switchgears. Each panel takes supply from the ATS
unit and supplies different feeders. Each feeding line is connected to a small breaker. The main
power plant substation mainly feeds the ECE building.

Figure 17: LT Switchgear

7. PFI Plant: The PFI plant boosts the power factor. It is made up of capacitors and other magnetic
units. It is linked to one of the LT switch gear panel's breakers. It provides reactive power to loads,
improving the system's power factor.

Figure 18: Three PFI Plants at the Substation

Figure 19: Inside of the PFI Plant

Dr, M.A. Rashid Hall Substation:

This substation is located just by M. A. Rashid Hall. The nameplate is shown below:

Figure 20: Nameplate of Dr. M.A. Rashid Hall Substation

Connected from two sides, it takes DPDC supply from both lines. One line comes directly from
Azimpur DPDC grid (11kV). The other one comes from DU through BUET main campus
substation and Nazrul Islam Hall substation. The components of this substation are described
briefly below:

RMU: The RMU is controlled by DPDC in such a way that the RMU connects the two
sources and select one or both if necessary. BUET has no control over it. The ring is locked
in the cabinet like a connection box accessible only to DPDC. RMU helps to prevent fault
current and short circuit.

Figure 20: RMU of Dr. M.A. Rashid Hall Substation

Transformer: This station has only one three-phase transformer which is rated 11 kV/400 V, 2,000
KVA. The high voltage side is connected to a HT breaker. The low voltage output of 400V is sent to
ATS unit.

HT Meter: The 11kV output from the RMU goes to the single HT Meter which is enclosed in
a room not accessible publicly. It measures power consumption and calculates power bill
managed by DPDC.

HT Breaker: There is one HT breaker. It connects the HT meter and the high voltage side of
the transformer.

ATS: The single ATS unit takes DPDCL line input from the LT side of the transformer and
BUET power plant input from the common bus. The output is then connected to the LT breaker
panel. All of them are rated at 400 V.
LT Breaker Panel: The single LT breaker panel takes 400V input from the ATS output
through a main breaker. It has a number of small breaker units, each one supplying a single
line of Rashid Hall residential area and other loads. One breaker is connected to the PFI plant.
PFI Plant: There was one PFI Plant for one transformer. The PFI plant has many capacitors
(8 in total) inside, and each one has a magnetic contactor for switching, which are in turn
connected to a common bus that connects the PFI to the LT breaker unit.

Figure 21: PFI Plant of Dr. M.A. Rashid Hall Substation

Kazi Nazrul Islam Hall Substation:

This substation also takes two supplies from DPDCL- one coming from Dhaka University line
through the main campus substation and the other one coming from the Azimpur line through
M. A. Rashid Hall substation. A slightly blurred portray with information is shown on the side.
Description of different components are given below:
RMU: As there are two supply lines from DPDCL, the substation requires an RMU operating
at 11 kV. The RMU is controlled by DPDCL only accessible to them.
Transformers: This substation has two transformers- one rated at 11 kV/400 V, 500 kVA &
the other at 11 kV/400 V, 750 kVA. The transformers take 11 kV DPDCL supply via the HT
breakers & steps it down to 400 V. The HT side output line is connected to an energy meter,
then the meter is connected to two vacuum circuit breakers. The LT side of the XFR then goes
to the ATS, where another line from the generator connects as input. The LT side connection
is controlled by DPDC.

Figure 22: One of the Transformers at Kazi Nazrul Islam Hall Substation

HT Meter: A single HT Meter operating at 11 kV takes supply from RMU and measures
output power.
HT Breaker: The output of the HT meter is split into two, and one goes to each HT breaker,
operating at 11 kV, for each transformer. The breakers are then connected to the HT side of
the transformers.
ATS: There are two ATS panels. One of them is the same as the ATS panels in the other
substations. The other one for the relatively newer transformer is a new model with a slightly
different display. Supplies are taken from the transformer LT sides (DPDCL line) and the
respective feeder switchgears from the main power plant. The ATSs are set in such a way that
it never takes input from the two supplies at the same time. The output of the ATS units go to
LT switch gears as usual.
LT Switch Gear: Each unit has one main breaker connected to a bus which in turn is connected
to an ATS unit. There are 3 small breakers at the output side- one for PFI unit, one for Shaheed
Smrity Hall (not working right now) & one supplies power to Nazrul Hall and surrounding
areas.

Figure 23: LT Panel for the 500 kVA Transformer and ATS Panel for the 750 kVA Transformer at Kazi
Nazrul Islam Hall Substation

PFI Plant: There are 2 PFI Plants- one for each LT switch gear. PFI plant has several
capacitors and magnetic contacts with them to supply reactive power and improve pf.
BUET Main Campus Substation:

The fourth and last substation is in front of the auto-shop near the old academic building inside
the BUET main campus.

Figure 24: Entrance to the BUET Main Campus Substation

It takes two DPDCL supply line- one directly from Dhaka University, another one from the
Azimpur substation comes via MA Rashid Hall substation and Kazi Nazrul Islam Hall
substation. There are several mini buildings & structures for the transformers of this substation.

Different Components of this substation are described below:

RMU: As there are two supply lines from DPDC, a RMU unit is required. 4 parts are for the
three phases and one for the neutral phase.
Transformers: This substation has four transformers- one rated at 2000 kVA, two rated at 750
kVA, the other one rated at 500 kVA. The first three of them are used to supply power inside
the BUET campus. The additional transformer is dedicated to the Glass and Ceramics
Engineering Department of BUET.
HT Meter: All the other substations had one single meter irrespective of the number of XFRs.
But in this substation, the number of meters is equal to the number of XFRs because here, the
line splits before metering. Inside the SS control room, there are three HT meters for the three
transformers that are part of BUET’s own power network. Each of these is then connected to
an HT breaker unit.

HT Breaker: Three HT Breakers are connected to the HT side of the transformer at 11 kV.
ATS: For the three transformers, there are three ATS which work exactly as described before.

LT Switchgear: There is total three units- one for each three transformers.

PFI Plants: There are total three PFI plants in this substation. For each LT switch gear, there
is a PFI plant with several capacitors and magnetic contacts with them to supply reactive
power and improve pf.

Glass and Ceramics (GCE) Department:

There is a small place adjacent to the main campus substation, used to power the glass and
ceramics department.

It has a transformer rated at 11 kV/400 V and works at 500 kVA rated power. It is one of the
4 transformers mentioned above. There is a separate RMU for it as it takes both DPDCL
supplies as the main substation. But it is not connected to BUET main power plant. The
transformer which is reserved for the GCE department doesn’t use generator input. It only
depends on the power supplied from DPDC, so there is no ATS connected to the HT side unlike
the other three. So, the transformer for GCE dept has one RMU. The output then is connected
to a HT meter located at that building, which in turn is connected to the HT side of the
transformer through a HT breaker unit. The LT side of the transformer goes directly to an LT
breaker panel, which then supplies various loads.

Figure 25: 11 kV VCB (Left) and LT Switchgear (Right) of GCE Department

Reports

Question 2:
 Figure 26: Power Generation vs. Time graph (10-10-2022)

Data Table of Generated Power on 22nd October 2022

Time Main Main Main Dr. N. N. N. Total

SS1 SS2 SS3 Rashid Islam Islam Academic
Hall Hall Hall Building
old new
14:00 520 612 640 558 246 510 688 3774
15:00 700 802 258 500 938 3198
18:00 148 460 300 556 340 630 806 3240
19:00 159 130 161 345 795
20:00 161 109 162 340 772
21:00 147 86 178 242 653
22:00 196 50 185 264 695
1:00 82 250 102 570 296 684 592 2576
Figure 27: Power Generation vs. Time graph (22-10-2022)

Figure 28: Power Generation vs. Time graph (Both Dates)

Explanation of Graph:

The graph depicts the total amount of power generated during various hours on two different dates. The
blue columns display the generated power graph for October 10, 2022, while the orange columns display
the data for October 22, 2022.

According to the graph, power generation occurred continuously from 12:00 to 23:00 on October 10th.
From 12:00 to 18:00, the amount of power generated was higher, and after that, the amount of power
generated was lower. Peak times on this day were 14:00, 15:00, and 16:00.

On October 22nd, power generation occurred from 14:00 to 15:00, followed by a 2-hour break, then
from 18:00 to 22:00, and finally at 1:00. Peak times were 14:00, 15:00, and 18:00. Power was generated
at a lower rate between 19:00 and 22:00.

One thing that stands out from the graph is that less power was generated from 19:00 to 22:00 on both
days. However, a large amount of power was generated on both days between 14:00 and 18:00. We can
conclude that power demand is lower in the evening than it is in the morning or afternoon.
Question 3:

A complete Single Line Diagram of the BUET Power System is given below:

Figure 29: SLD of BUET Power System

Question 4:

Ring Main Unit:

A ring main unit is a metal-encased set of switchgear that is used at the load connection points
of a ring distribution network. It is a complete Switchgear unit in and of itself. A complete
switchgear assembly includes the necessary switching devices, protection devices, and
metering devices. RMU with various voltage and current ratings (mostly 12 kV and 24 kV)
are available. Ring Main Units are available in both indoor and outdoor configurations.

The ring main unit is made up of one incomer feeder and one or more outgoing feeders. The
incomer feeder is either a vacuum circuit breaker or an SF6 circuit breaker with an associated
disconnect switch and earth switch. This incomer feeder includes a supply cable connection
bushing that extends from the RMU enclosure.

Figure 30: RMU Components and Connections

The incoming and exiting feeders are both contained in an SF6 environment to make the design
more compact. A compatible instrument is attached to the Ring Main Unit, or RMU, to
measure the pressure of the SF6 gas. This instrument's scale is divided into three or more
subscales for varying temperatures.

There are also green and red zones on each subscale. Consult the relevant subscale for a
specific temperature, and keep the gas pressure within the green zone. The status of the
breakers, disconnect switches, and earth switches is indicated by mechanical indicators on the
panel.

In the incomer feeder, a current transformer with an appropriate ratio (as specified by the user)
is installed. For added security, the secondary side of this CT is linked to a self-powered relay.

A self-powered protective system is also installed on the Ring Main Unit, RMU. This is a Numerical
Relay that includes a microprocessor and a user interface (different manufacturer have different design).
This relay offers just basic safety, such as Over Current and Earth Fault prevention. Though each
manufacturer offers a unique set of safeguards, the manufacturer may offer safeguards based on the user's
specifications.

RMU is widely used in distribution systems because it is a complete package that only requires
installation and cable connection. Everything else is within the package. This significantly reduces
commissioning time.

Features:

• SF6 gas insulation & current interruption – No fire hazard

• Maintenance free & sealed for life contact system.
• Outdoor installation
• Robust construction
• Tee-off circuit breaker with integral protection system
• Low-cost cable termination
• Fully extendable options
• Motorized mechanism

RMU is mostly utilized to provide continuous power supply. Additionally, it protects the
secondary side transformer from transient currents.
Functions of the RMU switchgear:

1. Circuit Control: RMU controls the whole system circuit for switching functions when
needed. Like, if power needs to be used from DPDC, then RMU will connect the circuit to a
substation – either Dhanmondi substation or Azimpur Substation. If BUET needs power
from its own power plant, RMU will connect the circuit with BUET power plant.

2. Isolation: It isolates the faulty equipment from the rest of the circuit.

3. Protection: The electrical circuit is protected against overload, short circuit current faults,
and earth fault currents by RMU. The breaker can also safely stop faulty current from feeders
so that it cannot reach the transformer.

Discussion:

Power systems are an important part of a country's structure. The operation of modern civilization is heavily reliant
on electricity. As a result, it is critical to ensure reliable and continuous power supply. There are numerous power
plants and substations located throughout the country. The BUET power plant, a minor facility for local generation,
is one of these. The BUET power plant can meet the university's electricity needs. This also gives BUET an
advantage in situations where there is a blackout in nearby areas. In such cases, the BUET power plant can produce
enough electricity to keep the campus operational.

It has been a rewarding experience to tour a power plant and getting to know how the various parts of the power
system function together. Because of our ongoing power system research, we have gained a better understanding
of the generation and distribution systems, system design, system protection, and cooling techniques.

As the world is currently shifting towards renewable energy resources, harvesting solar energy is an option that
should be brought under consideration. It is highly recommended that BUET Power Plant is made to accommodate
solar energy generation methods to meet our energy needs.