ASSIGNMENT SERIES -83 ASSIGNMENT CODE: 2023EV037
LIGHTENING ARRESTER
2023EV037
DEPARTMENT OF AI&ML
AKASH R ROLL NO: 7376222AL107
1. INTRODUCTION:
An essential element used in electrical systems to safeguard
equipment against the damaging effects of lightning strikes and electrical
surges is a lightning arrester, often referred to as a surge arrester or lightning
diverter. It acts as a safety measure by giving the lightning current a low-
resistance path to follow as it travels to the ground, protecting delicate
equipment from harm and guaranteeing the security of persons and property.
This article will explore the benefits and applications of lightning arresters
while emphasizing their critical role in contemporary electrical
infrastructure.
1.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE:
The voltage surge first travels through the conductor before arriving at
the position of the lightning arrestor, where it is mounted. As a result, the
lightning arrestor's insulation will temporarily be compromised, allowing a
voltage surge to be discharged toward the earth. Insulation between the
ground and the conductor will be restored once the system's voltage drops
below the predetermined level. Additionally, the flow of the water
downward will stop.
1.2 TYPES OF LIGHTENING ARRESTER:
Generally, lightning arresters are classified into different
types. The construction of lightning arrestors is different based on its type
but the working principle is the same. It provides a low resistance
pathway to the surges in the direction of the ground. The types are
1.2.1 VALVE-TYPE ARRESTERS:
These kinds of arresters are applicable to electrical systems that are high-
powered. These devices include two main parts like a sequence of spark gaps as
well as a series of non-linear resistor discs. The working of these devices can be
done whenever an extreme voltage causes the spark gaps to stroke & the non-
linear resisters hold the voltage within the ground. Whenever the surge of
surplus power stops, the spark gaps can be pushed separately by the resisters.
1.2.2 PELLET-TYPE ARRESTERS:
The designing of these arresters can be done with glass tubes that are
filled with lead pellets. These are finished from an inside of lead peroxide
coated through the lead oxide. Lead oxide within the lead peroxide is not
powerfully conductive. Once the lead oxide is heated up, it turns into lead
peroxide and provides the place to flow the current. Whenever the flow of
current is transmitted, then the lead peroxide will be changed reverse to lead
oxide. This kind of arrester is not broadly used.
2. LOCATION OF LIGHTENING ARRESTER:
This arrester can be set up in close proximity to the object that needs to
be safeguarded. In an AC system, these are often connected to the phase and
ground, whereas in a DC system, they are connected to the pole and ground. In
an AC system, a different arrester is employed for each phase. The surge
diverter can be utilized in a high-voltage system to protect the transformers,
lines, circuit breakers, generators, bus bars, circuit breaker
FIG 1.1 LIGHTENING ARRESTER
3. ADVANTAGES OF LIGHTENING ARRESTER:
1. Surge protection: Lightning arresters offer strong surge defense by
successfully diverting lightning current to the ground, shielding sensitive
equipment from voltage spikes. This guarantees the robustness and long-term
performance of electrical systems.
2. Safety Improvement: Lightning arresters considerably lower the danger of
electrical shock hazards to personnel by offering a low-resistance channel for
lightning currents. They increase general security by shielding people from
lightning-related mishaps.
3. Equipment preservation: Expensive and delicate electrical equipment can
suffer irreparable damage from lightning strikes and electrical surges. By
protecting equipment from high voltage transients and extending its lifespan,
lightning arresters serve as a shield.
4. Electrical systems can continue to run continuously both during and after
lightning strikes if lightning arresters are in place. This is essential for mission-
critical applications since downtime might have negative effects on finances,
safety, or operations.
5. Cost savings: Lightning arresters reduce the need for expensive repairs or
replacements by preventing equipment damage and downtime. Industries,
businesses, and homeowners can significantly reduce their long-term costs by
investing in lightning protection equipment.
4. CONCLUSION:
Lightning arresters are essential for protecting electrical systems from the
harm that lightning strikes and electrical surges can cause. They safeguard
equipment, improve safety, guarantee dependable operations, and offer cost
savings by giving a low-resistance path to the ground. Lightning arresters are
now essential parts of power transmission, telecommunications, industrial
facilities, and residential and commercial buildings due to our rising reliance on
technology and increased exposure to lightning-related threats. To reduce the
dangers associated with lightning strikes and to preserve the durability and
functionality of electrical infrastructure, it is essential to implement suitable
lightning protection systems, including lightning arresters.
5. BIBLIOGRAPHY:
1. Author: David A. Llewellyn-Jones
Publisher: The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Year: 2008
Book: Lightning Protection for the Aerospace Industry by Eugene C. Rutz
2. Author: Eugene C. Rutz
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2010
Book: Lightning Protection Systems by Vernon W. French
3. Author: Vernon W. French
Publisher: Wiley-IEEE Press
Year: 2013
