z"-F(z) FCe)= t, f (or) =0T

)z J ( n ) - )no
z E)J=nTZ
) z[sce]=2 fnr)z"-F() heo

P&oBLNIS
4) ind the -transform os
Solh:
ho

hzn
heo

(Z-?
= () 3) ind +he Z-transform
n(n+) for n>1
: log (- ) Soln:
Conside A B
- tog ( n(h+1)n +i)
1- A(n+) 4 B(n)
Put n=o, | Put n-l,
|= B(-)
A-|
W-kT, te nr

ne0
(n+l)
o6)--) 4)id z [cos ne] and
z['sh ne)
n=o
fo
/ lot a:e
a":ino

322

coso4fsine

cas o9+ Tsin he

Also, z[(eb)3) =

3z3t.

Z-a)
z[cosno+ fsfo ne
- T=|).+ B.
3
z-( cos e+j sine)
- log f-)- zlay
(r) z- coso) -i sino
x (Z-cos)4 isino
z-cose)+i sins
zl(z-cos s) +isin]
z- coso)+ sfn?O
stno
lng Z(Z- Cas e) +)zsfn

2(z-Cas e) +)z Sino

 z (7-a cos)
a'
maginary port,
Z[cosno): z(z-coso)
z a2

z9zcOSO+| z(2- a coso)

Z-9za coso tae
zlSin ne] = sin e
z[a" sin ne] - zTsiono)
5) Fnd zJa' cosn6] and Togtnd: Tsin ne]
2 lasin ne Z sín
Soln: 2z cos D+))
W.kT,
(sa )(stoe)
a
(?a)'-oso +|
z [a' cosno]. xTcos n),
)-a
a'l zacoso ta
To find z[cos no:
Re#e
z Deesnoj-z(2-cose)
zzcoSotI 6)Bnd )egin bEJ and
Cos bt
a(a- core)
(a)'-2) coso +1 w.k.T

a(z-aCoxo a
<fett(+J- [se)
-aZa cose +a leatzin bLJ- Tsin btJ Zyze
zsin no)- 2sino

Replace n by b, by t
7]sin bt]-zsint

aT
Ze sint

zesint

To find zl cos b
Zlcosne: Z(z-coss)
z-2ZCOsO+
Ruplace n by b, a byt
Z(0s bt]-(z(z-cosb)
z9zcortt
zze eost)
eT aze ost+)
1) Jird z3+3Z Coefbiient os z?

portial Jrachon ma trod. J- B -aCt D -A

Soln:

lat x (z) =

X(z) z+3
(z-)2 (z)
A_ B
lz-)(z+) (2-92-D
+ C zD 3= Af B +TD
(z²+1) A + C - 2D

O = A +c
y+3 = A(z-)'+) +B(z+)
+Cz+D) (z-)'
Put I=l, Put -0,
A=
Subs A in
3 =-A +B+ D
3=-A+2 D O=A+1-D
B
D-A- I O=-| +|-2D
Rostzty - D

D =o
y+9- (Az-A)(z+)+ Bz'+ B
tCz+ D)(z'-2z+)
= hz+Az- A z²-A+ Bz'+ B
+ Cz'- aCz?+Cz t+Dz?
-2D +D
(z-)(z4) -z°y(o) -²y)-ay)
Ntattiply by z, ohee y(o) or yo ate

valie
when n=1

1) Usng Z-*ronsform

iven tPrat yo=,y,o

(
boln:
- - ()n+ an t coS hT

2n+ Cos nT -J Taking Z- transfom

6n bot sidez

APPrCATIDNS oF Z-TRANSFORM
Z- bransform can be ued
to solve diterance equatons y-zy(o) -zy0
Cuina tre velaion -s[zy ()-zy(o)-loy):o
z (n+1))= ZX()-2x(o) 2°y() --o- 3zy()+ 32
z[a (n+a] - z°x ()- z'x(o) -10y(2) -o
Fomulae: y(z)z+32
z23zlo
ds z)UnsJ- z9[J- z yo) Lz-3z-lo

-Zy)
 A2 B
-fx'-33
5
(z-5)(zt) (z-5)
A
(z-5) (Z+) Z Naltiply by z,
z'- 3Z - A(z+) +B (z -5)
Pt Z= - 2, (z-5) (zt3) Z-5) 7(zt)
4+6= B(-)
)0 = B(-7) (Z-5) (Zt)
B=-lo
Put 5
AS-1S = A() 5 -)n
Jo A
()

9,: o and yo o
(z-5)(z+) (Z-5) (z+9)
69n+l
e-5) (Z+)
Taking z- transfonn n
X(2) z2-3z botf sidos,
(z-5)(z+2)
x(2) Z-3
(2-5) (z+ay 9()-z'y lo)-zy) +4zy(z)
Considea
Z-3
A -zy(oJ agce)
(Z-5)(2+2) zy ()-o- o +6 zy()+y
 T´y()+6z4()+4y()

z+3)² (z -)
A B
z+3) (z- 2) Z+3 2-2
Z- A(z+a)(z-)+ B(z-a)+ c(z+
Pet z= a, Pt = -3
-3= B-3-a)
-3 - B(- 5)

Put -0
O=6A - aB + qc

e)+ (25
6A = 6 4 18