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Trigonometry Lecture Notes

The lecture notes on Trigonometry cover its importance in various engineering fields, including structural design and signal processing. Key concepts include trigonometric ratios, identities, and equations, as well as applications in triangles and waveforms. The document also discusses inverse trigonometric functions and their principal values.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
29 views2 pages

Trigonometry Lecture Notes

The lecture notes on Trigonometry cover its importance in various engineering fields, including structural design and signal processing. Key concepts include trigonometric ratios, identities, and equations, as well as applications in triangles and waveforms. The document also discusses inverse trigonometric functions and their principal values.

Uploaded by

ann.kendagor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Trigonometry – Lecture Notes

1. Importance of Trigonometry in Engineering


- Structural Design: Calculating forces, angles, and lengths.
- Signal Processing: Analyzing waveforms and signals.
- Mechanical Engineering: Motion analysis, vibrations.
- Civil and Surveying: Height measurement and plotting.
- Electrical Engineering: AC circuit analysis.

2. Trigonometric Ratios and Functions

Basic Definitions
sin(θ) = Opposite / Hypotenuse
cos(θ) = Adjacent / Hypotenuse
tan(θ) = Opposite / Adjacent
csc(θ) = 1 / sin(θ)
sec(θ) = 1 / cos(θ)
cot(θ) = 1 / tan(θ)

Unit Circle & Angle Measurement


- Angle measured in degrees and radians (180° = π radians).
- Unit circle defines sin and cos for all real angles.

3. Graphs of Trigonometric Functions


- sin(x): Wave-like, period 2π
- cos(x): Similar to sin, starts at 1
- tan(x): Vertical asymptotes, period π

4. Trigonometric Identities

Fundamental
sin²(θ) + cos²(θ) = 1

Reciprocal
csc(θ) = 1/sin(θ), sec(θ) = 1/cos(θ), cot(θ) = 1/tan(θ)

Quotient
tan(θ) = sin(θ)/cos(θ), cot(θ) = cos(θ)/sin(θ)
Co-function & Even-Odd
sin(90° − θ) = cos(θ), cos(90° − θ) = sin(θ)
Even: cos(−θ) = cos(θ)
Odd: sin(−θ) = −sin(θ), tan(−θ) = −tan(θ)

Angle Formulas
Sum/Difference: sin(a ± b) = sin(a)cos(b) ± cos(a)sin(b)
Double Angle: sin(2a) = 2sin(a)cos(a)
Half Angle: sin²(a/2) = (1 − cos(a))/2

5. Solving Trigonometric Equations


- Solve basic equations like sin(x) = 1/2.
- Use identities to simplify and solve equations.
- Consider general solutions over intervals.

6. Inverse Trigonometric Functions


- Definitions: sin⁻¹(x), cos⁻¹(x), tan⁻¹(x).
- Principal values:
sin⁻¹(x): [−π/2, π/2]
cos⁻¹(x): [0, π]
tan⁻¹(x): (−π/2, π/2)

7. Applications of Trigonometric Equations


- Waveforms: y = A sin(ωt + φ)
- Mechanical Systems: Harmonic motion
- Signal Transmission: Modulation and filtering

8. Trigonometry in Triangles

Right-Angle Triangles
- Use SOH-CAH-TOA for unknowns.
- Applications: ramps, beams, tension.

Non-Right-Angle Triangles
- Law of Sines: a/sin(A) = b/sin(B) = c/sin(C)
- Law of Cosines: c² = a² + b² − 2ab cos(C)
- Applications: structural analysis, navigation

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