MTH 101: Algebra & Trig.
Trigonometry
Ms Akudo Ijezie
Learning outcomes
• At the end of this session, students should be able
to:
1. recall trigonometric ratios.
2. recall fundamental relations between the
trigonometric ratios of an angle.
3. recall trigonometric ratios of complementary
angles.
4. understand trigonometric identities.
5. solve problems concerning heights and distances
of various objects
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Introduction
• Trigonometry is the study of triangles. More
specifically, trigonometry deals with the
relationships between angles and sides in
triangles.
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• The trigonometric ratios can also provide a
richer understanding of circles. These ratios
are often used in calculus as well as many
branches of science including physics,
engineering, and astronomy.
• There are a wide variety of theoretical and
practical applications for trigonometric
functions.
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Application of Trigonometry
• Trigonometry is used for surveying and
architecture, for building
structures/systems, designing bridges
and solving scientific problems.
• Trigonometry is also used in electrical
engineering; the functions that relate
angles and side lengths in right-angled
triangles are useful in expressing how
A.C. electric current varies with time.
• Engineers use triangles to determine how
much force it will take to move along an
incline and to find the length of support
beams 5
• GPS satellite receivers use triangles to
determine exactly where they are in relation
to satellites orbiting hundreds of miles away.
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• Trigonometry also finds its
application in video game
development.
• See
https://youtu.be/-dGi2Ffdiuk
• https://youtu.be/DPfxjQ6sqrc
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Recall that angles in degrees, which are defined by partitioning one whole
revolution into 360 equal parts, each of which is then called one degree. In this way,
one whole revolution around the unit circle measures radians and also 360 degrees,
and that each degree may be further subdivided into 60 parts, called minutes, and in
turn each minute may be subdivided into another 60 parts, called seconds:
• Example:
Express the angle in Degree-Minute-Second (DMS) notation
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Trigonometric ratios
• Let
• We can obtain the other 4 trig ratios as
follows:
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• There are a few angles for which all trig
functions may be found:
• Example: if , find the value of all trig functons.
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Exercise
• If sin = 1/ and 0o ≤ ≤ 90o, find the values of
other trigonometric ratios of the angle .
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Unit Circle
• The concept of unit
circle helps us to
measure the angles of
cos, sin and tan
directly since the
centre of the circle is
located at the origin
and radius is 1.
Consider theta be an
angle then,
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Table of Trig ratios for
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Graphs of some trig functions
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Trig Identities
• For all real values of θ , we have the following three
identities:
• From these identities, other identities can be
established.
• Note:
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Sum and difference identities or
compound angles formulas
• Compound angles are algebraic sum of two or
more angles.
• Trig functions however do not behave like
typical functions do. Such that cos (a+b) is
not equal to cos a + cos b.
• Thus, we need to derive formulas
for sin(α + β), cos(α + β), and use them in
calculations of application problems.
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Double angles & Reduction formulas
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Examples
• Prove that
Solution:
• Recall that
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Prove that
Exercise
• Prove that
• Show that
• Prove the following identities:
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Exercise
Prove the following identities
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Solutions
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Solutions
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Trig ratios of in terms of
Even and Odd Trigonometric Functions
The trigonometric function can be described as
even or odd.
• Odd trigonometric functions: A trigonometric
function is said to be an odd function if and
symmetric with respect to the origin.
• Even trigonometric functions: A
trigonometric function is said to be an even
function, ifand symmetric to the y-axis.
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Exercises
Find the values of
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Product to sum : sum to product
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Example 1: The building is at a distance of
150 feet from point A. Can you calculate
the height of this building if tan θ = 4/3
using trigonometry? Example 2: A man observed a pole of
height 60 ft. According to his
measurement, the pole cast a 20 ft long
shadow. Find the angle of elevation of
the sun from the tip of the shadow using
trigonometry.
Solution: Solution:
Let x be the angle of elevation of the sun, then
The base and height of the building form a right- tan x = 60/20 = 3
x = tan-1(3)
angle triangle. Now apply the trigonometric ratio or x = 71.56 degrees
Answer: The angle of elevation of the sun is 71.56º.
of tanθ to calculate the height of the building.
In Δ ABC, AC = 150 ft, tanθ =
(Opposite/Adjacent) = BC/AC
4/3 = (Height/150 ft)
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Height = (4×150/3) ft = 200ft
Exercises
• For the following exercises, use the
fundamental identities to fully simplify the
expression.
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Simplify the trigonometric expressions
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Using a double angle formula, find the exact values :
• Given that tan =-3/4 and is in the 2nd quad.
Find the following:
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Media Resources
• https://youtu.be/H-0jQTzfkWQ
• https://youtu.be/hiNDDQyee2E
• https://youtu.be/OQP78bwYcWw
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