Welcome to the
Technology
Management
Session 1
Arun Saxena
[email protected]
+91 98858 21957
• Class F code - o27t5dn
• Class H code - eyralas
Div. H Schedule
• M1 – 14th Jan 2021
• M2 – 25th Feb 2021
• Project Final Submission – 28th Feb
• M1 test = 15 marks
• M2 test = 15 marks
• Project = 20 marks
• Total scaled to 30 marks
Attendance
• Your attendance will depend on your answering at least 6 questions
asked in the class
• Total 12 questions will be asked
• There is no penalty for wrong answer – so just express your mind
Session 1 – Topics covered
• Technology and management
• Roles of technology in society, business and country
• Need for technology management (TM)
• TM processes
• Three levels of TM – strategic and operational, global TM
• Challenges in TM
• Definition of TM
What is technology?
Please type your answer in the chat window.
Defining technology
• Is the way an organization produces outputs from inputs
(economics definition) –
• includes labor, raw materials, equipment and processes
• Hardware: computers, smartphones, cars, voting machine,
laser cutting, sensors,..
• Software: AI, databases, algorithm, …
• Activities: Designing of devices, Cloud computing, smart
manufacturing, 3D printing
• Knowledge: know-how, know-why
• Does a bakery use technology?
Bakery technology
• Everything about the way it produces the bread
• the skills of its workers
• how the workers are organized, trained, and motivated
• how the bakery selects which equipment to use
• where it places the machines
• how it develops recipes
• Wonder bread in 1921 was the product of a new
technology.
• Pre-sliced bread in 1930 established a colloquial
benchmark: “The greatest thing since sliced bread.”
Some more definitions of technology
• ‘the systematic application of scientific or other organised knowledge
to practical tasks’
– J.K. Galbraith (1967)
• ‘Technology is both a body of knowledge concerned with the solution
of practical problems - what we might term ‘know-how’ - and also the
tools and artefacts which are used to achieve those solutions: it is
both the software and hardware’.
– Monck et al. (1988)
What is management?
Please type your answer in the chat windows
Defining Management
• Getting Things Done • Do effective things efficiently
PLANNING
CONTROLLING ORGANIZING
LEADING
Technology Management
• Plan, develop and implement technological capabilities to
shape and accomplish the strategic and operational
objectives of an organization.
• Knowledge on how to solve technical problems, embedded
in business and social contexts.
Technology is omnipresent
Technology
Technology Technology Technology
and
and individual and society and business
government
Please give me some examples of technology in
daily life – other than the usual
Type your answers in the chat window
What value you expect technology to add to
individuals’ life?
Please type your answer in the chat window.
Role of technology in daily life – few examples
• Makes life easy
• Save effort - machines do labor-intensive jobs
• Save time - do things faster and better
• Greater emotional satisfaction – look good, look smart,
• Makes life more fulfilling
• Have more time for things you really love / want to do
• More time for leisure activities
• More time / opportunity to connect with friends
Technology and business
How does technology impact organizations?
What value does it add?
Please type your answer in the chat window.
Role of technology in organizations
• Makes products and services possible
• Drives innovation
• Helps reduce cost and improve quality
• Helps organizations gain competitive advantage
• Drives organizations’ revenues and profits
Technology’s impact on Business Operations
Technology’s impact on Business Operations
• Which industries are considered high tech?
• Please type your answer in the chat window.
Which industries are high tech?
Top industry sectors – a comparison between
India and the USA
Largest firms by sector (India, 2018, Rs. Billions)) Largest firms by sector (US, 2017, $ Billions)
Low-tech
Tech and
more tech Medium-tech
High-tech
High-tech Low-tech
• Emerging and growth sectors • Matured industries – established
• Innovation is source of competitive players and market shares
advantage • Size is the source of competitive
• Highest R&D investment advantage
• High rate of innovation • Low R&D investments
• Employs highly educated people • Examples: traditional industries like
• Example: software, biotechnology, cement, paper, food, chemicals,
internet, pharmaceuticals, bulk drugs, metals
Tech characteristics
New technology
Core technology
Some more Emerging technology
buzz words
Advanced technology
Appropriate technology
Sustainable technology
• Name the leading high-tech companies in the
world?
• Please type your answer in the chat window.
Top 20 R&D Spenders (2017) - Companies
Creative
destruction
Technology and the nation
Global competitiveness
• US tops the Global competitiveness with 85.4
points
• Singapore, Germany, Switzerland and Japan
round up the top 5
• India ranked 58 with a score of 62
• Why is India low on competitiveness?
• Please type your answer in the chat window.
Why India is low on competitiveness
• Low score on soundness of banks and regulatory capital ratios
• Low use of technology
• Lags in health and skills
• Poor trade openness
• Extreme poverty @>10%
• Best innovation ecosystem performance in lower-middle income
group
• 3rd largest market for Indian companies to capture
Doubling labor Doubling education increases Doubling tech investment
increases output 1.25x output 4x increases output 2.8x
Technology helps economic leapfrogging
• What technology management initiatives are
important in national context?
• Please type your answer in the chat window.
Technology management concerns in
national context
01 02 03 04
Technical education - Innovation Product and services National strategy –
# of scientists and infrastructure – eco-system – small & industrial policy,
engineers finance, legal: medium cos. supply of indigenous
property rights, R&D skilled labor, component supply,
labs availability of markets entrepreneurial spirit,
policy
Provide examples of technology in the field of Civil
Engineering – construction, water works,
transportation, environment, utilities …
Please type your answer in the chat window.
Technology in Civil Engineering
Technology and society
CRISPR Babies
• Dr. He
• HIV +ve father and normal mother
• Baby without HIV
• Baby susceptible to West Nile virus
• Disabled CCR gene
• Potential
• Dangers
Key technology issues for society
Technology and Sustainable
ethics - human Technology - Societal Impacts of
values and protecting the Technology
technology Planet
Universal Access to
Technology
• What are the societal issues about
• GPS
• Full body scanners (at airports)
• Piracy
• Genetic tinkering – humans, food
• Pre-natal testing
• Citizen journalism
• Please type your answers in the chat window
Technology and ethics
• Ethics
• Technology power
• Technology ethics
• Is it right or wrong to develop a
technology e.g., nuclear, CRIPR
• Is it good or bad to use technology that
makes some people powerful and
others weaker – AI and the labor
problem
What are some current ethical issues
arising from technology
• Current ethical issues
• Privacy and security – GPS tracking, full body scanners (at
airports)
• Piracy
• Genetic tinkering – humans, food
• Pre-natal testing
• Citizen journalism
Sustainability and society
• Global society founded on respect for nature,
universal human rights, economic justice, and
culture of peace
• Key challenges
• Environmental protection
• Social responsibility
• Economic practice
• Sustainable technologies
• Nano-tech, biofuel, bioplastic, tidal energy
Societal impact - cyberculture
New language – slangs, acronymns,
emoticons, meme, flaming, L33T,
Culture in computers and
communication networks
People want to share private life details
with millions
Examples:
People spend better part of a day in virtual
worlds – online communities, gaming,
Facebook etc.
Stealing is openly accepted – music,
movies, ebooks
Angry bird meme
Email, e-news, e-magazines, e-documents and e-
books – printing and paper consumption has gone up
E-working
Technology E-waste – graveyard of outdated devices, pollution
from device and component manufacturing
and society E-transaction
– e-society
E-interaction
E-government
When technology has such wide impact across –
individuals, society, businesses and nations – it is
imperative that it is managed well
How do we identify technology that will have a future
impact on our business?
Six questions How do we select technology for business benefit?
that firms
must answer How should we acquire new technology?
to realize full
potential of How do we exploit our technology assets?
technology How can we protect our technology assets?
investments
How can we learn from our experience to improve our
ability to develop and exploit the value of technology?
Business’s other concerns with technology
• Should I develop my technology internally or buy it from others?
• How much should I invest in new technology?
• What is the right price of a technology?
• How do I protect my technology (from copying by others)?
• Should I let others use my technology?
• When is it right time to move to new technology?
Corporate level: how to manage
technology across a diverse range of
businesses – Strategic TM
Technology
management is
Business level: how to gain competitive
spread over
advantage through technology –
many
Strategic TM
management
levels
Operational level: how to optimise
internal processes to manage
technology effectively – Operational TM
Technology Technology Technology
Strategy Portfolio Road-
Development Selection mapping
Product Licensing and
Make or Buy Platform Patent
Development Protection
Strategic technology management
Project
Resource
Selection and
Allocation
Evaluation
Operational
technology
management Management
Technology and
Transfer and Introduction of
Assimilation New Products
and Processes
How to gain access to technology?
How many R&D centres to have, located where and with what
funding structure?
Global
technology
management How to balance the need for both long-term investments and
short-term returns?
How to speed up development and improve communication
and technology transfer between centres and businesses using
the technologies?
What challenges do you see in technology
management?
Please type your answer in the chat window.
Challenges
• Consumer behavior and technology are changing fast
• Technology gets obsolete very fast
• Forecasting consumer behavior
• Forecasting technology evolution
• Budgeting for new technology
• Overcoming / winning patent wars
• Makes powerful more powerful
• Displacement of traditional jobs
