ML Crash Course
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tushariksai2007ML Crash Course
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tushariksai2007Core Machine Learning Concepts: Crash
Course
1. What is Machine Learning?
Machine Learning is a branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that enables computers to learn
from data and make decisions or predictions without being explicitly programmed.
Think of it like training a brain using data instead of writing rules manually.
2. The Machine Learning Process
1. Collect Data: Example – Students’ study hours and exam scores.
2. Prepare the Data: Clean, structure, and visualize it.
3. Choose a Model: Pick an algorithm.
4. Train the Model: Feed data to learn patterns.
5. Evaluate the Model: Test accuracy on unseen data.
6. Tune & Improve: Adjust settings or try new models.
7. Deploy the Model: Use it in real-world applications.
3. Types of Machine Learning
• Supervised Learning – Uses labeled data (e.g., spam detection).
• Unsupervised Learning – Finds patterns in unlabeled data (e.g., customer segmentation).
• Reinforcement Learning – Learns from rewards and penalties (e.g., robotics, games).
4. Common Terminology
• Feature – Input variable (e.g., hours studied).
• Label – Output to predict (e.g., exam score).
• Model – The system that learns from data.
• Training – Teaching the model using data.
• Testing – Checking model performance on new data.
• Overfitting – Model memorizes data (bad).
• Underfitting – Model fails to learn (bad).
• Accuracy – How often the model is correct.
5. Popular Algorithms (Supervised)
• Linear Regression – Predict numbers (e.g., house prices).
• Logistic Regression – Classify (e.g., spam detection).
• Decision Trees – Rule-based decisions (e.g., loan approval).
• K-Nearest Neighbors – Classify by similarity (e.g., handwriting).
• Random Forest – Multiple decision trees (e.g., diagnosis).
• Support Vector Machine (SVM) – Data separation (e.g., face detection).
6. Model Evaluation Metrics
• Accuracy – % correct predictions.
• Precision – Predicted positives that were correct.
• Recall – Actual positives that were caught.
• F1 Score – Balance of precision and recall.
• Confusion Matrix – Table of true vs. predicted.
7. Real-World ML Examples
• Netflix recommends shows (classification).
• Gmail filters spam (classification).
• Amazon suggests products (recommendation).
• Google Translate (NLP + deep learning).
8. Best Tools to Start With
• Programming – Python
• Data Handling – pandas, NumPy
• ML Algorithms – scikit-learn
• Visualization – matplotlib, seaborn
• Practice – Kaggle, Google Colab
Final Tip
Don’t just read—build mini projects like:
- Predict student exam scores
- Classify animals
- Detect spam messages
This will solidify your understanding.