*76.

Water is dripping out from a conical funnel at the uniform rate of 2cm3 / sec through a tiny hole at the
vertex at the bottom. When the slant height of the water is 4 cm, find the rate of decrease of the slant
height of the water given that the vertical angle of the funnel is 120.
*77. From a cylindrical drum containing oil and kept vertical, the oil is leaking at the rate of 10 cm3/sec. If
the radius of the drum is 10 cm and height is 50 cm. Find the rate at which level of oil is changing
when oil level is 20 cm.
*78. The two equal sides of an isosceles triangle with fixed base b are decreasing at the rate of 3 cm/sec.
How fast is the area decreasing when the two equal sides are equal to the base.
*79. A conical vessel whose height is 10 m and the radius of whose base is 5m is being filled with water at
the uniform rate of 1.5 m3 / sec. Find the rate at which the level of the water in the vessel is rising,
when the depth is 4m.
*80. Height of a tank in the form of an inverted cone is 10m and radius of its circular base is 2m. The tank
contains water and it is leaking through a hole at its vertex at the rate of 0.02 m3 / sec. Find the rate:
(i) At which the water level changes.
(ii) At which the radius of water surface changes.
When the height of water level is 5m.
*81. Water is running into a conical vessel 15 cm deep and 5 cm in radius at the rate of 0.1 cm3 / sec when
the water is 6 cm deep, find at what rate is :
(i) The water level rising (ii) The water surface area increasing
(iii) The water surface of the vessel increasing.
*82. A water tank has a shape of an inverted right circular cone with its axis vertical and vertex lowermost.
Its semi-vertical angle is tan −1 ( 0.5 ) . Water is poured into it at a constant rate of 5 cubic metre per
minute. Find the rate at which the level of the water is rising at the instant when the depth of water in
the tank is 10 m.
*83. Water is dripping out from a conical funnel at the uniform rate of 4 cm3 /sec through a tiny hole at the
vertex in the bottom. When the slant height of the water is 3 cm, find the rate of decrease of the slant
height of the water is 3cm , find the rate of decrease of the slant height of the water, given that the
vertical angle of the cone is 120° .

SOLUTION OF RATE OF CHANGE (BOARD LEVEL, XII)

1. Let r and A be the radius and area of the circle respectively.
dA
∴ A = π r 2 ∴ Rate of change of area w.r.t. radius = = 2π r
dr
dA
Also, rate of change of area when r is 5 cm = = 2π ( 5 ) = 10π cm
dr r =5
2. Let x be the side and y the area of the square plate at any time t .
Then, y = x 2 …(1)
dx dy
Given = 2 cm/minute. To find , when x = 20 cm
dt dt
From (1), differentiating both sides w.r.t. time t , we get,
dy dx dx
= 2 x = 2 x .2 = 4 x [∵ = 2 cm/minute]
dt dt dt
dy
When x = 20 cm, = 4 × 20 = 80 square cm/minute.
dt
Hence the area of the plate is increasing at the rate 80 sq. cm/minute when the side is 20 cm.
3. Let r be the radius, A be the area and C be the circumference of the circle at any instant t .
dr dA d dr
= 2 cm/sec. A = π r 2 ∴ = (π r 2 ) = 2π r
dt dt dt dt
∴

 dA  88
 dt  = 7 × 7 = 88
r =7

dC d dr 22 88  dC  88
= ( 2π r ) = 2π = 2× × 2 =
dt dt dt 7 7  dt  r =7 7
∴ ∴   =

4. Let r be the radius, v be the volume of the spherical bubble at an instant t .

dr 4 dv d 4 3 dr
= 0.2 cm/sec. Now, v = π r 3 πr 4r 2π 4π r 2 0.2 0.8π r 2
dt 3 dt dt 3 dt
∴ ∴

 dv 
∴   = 0.8π × 52 = 20π c.c./sec. Hence, the required rate is 20π c.c./sec.
 dt  r =5
5. Let S be the total surface area. ∴ S = 2π r 2 + 2π rh
dS
(i) Rate of change of S w.r.t. when h is fixed = = 4π r + 2π h
dr
dS
(ii) Rate of change of S w.r.t. h when r is fixed = = 2π r
dh
6. Let s be the distance of the particle from the fixed point after t seconds.
ds
∴ s = 4t 3 + 2t + 5 , Velocity v = = 12t 2 + 2
dt
∴ Distance of particle after 3 seconds = s ( 3) = 4 ( 3 ) + 2 ( 3) + 5 = 119 cm.
3

Velocity of particle after 3 seconds = v ( 3) = 12 ( 3) + 2 = 110 cm/sec.

2

ds
7. We have s = 45t + 11t 2 − t 3 …(1) ∴ Velocity, v = = 45 + 22t − 3t 2 …(2)
dt
When the particle comes to rest, v = 0 ∴ From ( 2 ) 45 + 22t − 3t 2 = 0
⇒ 3t 2 − 22t − 45 = 0 ⇒ t = 9, − 5 / 3 ⇒ t = 9 (∵ t ≥ 0 )
∴ The particle comes to rest after 9 seconds.
8. Let r and C be respectively the radius and the circumference of the circle at time t .
∴ C = 2π r . Rate of increase of radius w.r.t. t = 0.7 cm/sec.
dr
∴ Rate of change of radius w.r.t. t = = +0.7
dt
dC d dr 14 22
Rate of change of circumference = = ( 2π r ) . = 2π × 0.7 = 1.4π = × = 4.4 cm/sec.
dt dr dt 10 7
∴ Circumference is increasing at the rate of 4.4 cm/sec.
9. Let x and P be respectively the side and the perimeter of the square at time t .
dx
∴ P = 4 x . Rate of increase of side x w.r.t. time t = = 0.2 cm/sec
dt
dP d dx
Rate of change of perimeter w.r.t. time = = ( 4 x ) = 4 = 4 × 0.2 = 0.8 cm/sec.
dt dt dt
∴ Perimeter is increasing at the rate 0.8 cm/sec.
10. Let r and A be respectively the radius and the enclosed area of a wave at time t .
 dr
∴ A = π r 2 . Rate of change of radius w.r.t. t == +5
dt
dA d dr
Rate of change of enclosed area = = (π r 2 ) . = 2π r .5 = 10π r
dt dr dt
∴ When r = 8 cm, rate of increase of enclosed area = 10π ( 8 ) = 80π cm 2 / sec
11. Let r be the radius and A the enclosed area of the circular wave at any time t ,
Then A = π r 2 …(1)
dr dA d dr dA dr
Given, = 3.5 cm/sec. From (1), = (π r 2 ) = 2π r
dt dt dr dt dt dt
⇒

dA  dr
= 2π r ( 3.5 ) = 7π r ∵ dt = 3.5cm / sec 
dt

⇒

 dA 
= 7π ( 7.5) = 52.5π cm 2 / sec . Hence, the enclosed area is increasing at the rate 52.5 π
 dt r = 7.5
⇒  

cm / sec , when r = 7.5 cm.

2

12. Let x be the length of the edge of a variable cube and V be its volume at any time t ,
then V = x3 …(1)
Also, since the edge is increasing at the rate of 3 cm/sec.
dx dV
= 3 cm/sec. It is required to find rate of volume V w.r.t. time t , i.e., .
dt dt
∴

dV d 3 dx dx
When x = 10 cm. Differentiating (1) w.r.t. t , we get, = ( x ) = 3x2 = 3 x 2 .3 = 9 x 2
dt dx dt dt
dV
When x = 10 cm, = 9 (10 ) = 900 cm 3 / sec .
2

dt
13. Let r and S be respectively the radius and the surface area of the balloon at time t .
dr
∴ S = 4π r 2 . Rate of decreasing of radius r w.r.t. time t is 10, so = −10
dt
Rate of change of surface area S w.r.t. time t
dS d dr
= ( 4π r 2 ) = 4π .2r = 8π r . ( −10 ) = −80π r
dt dt dt
∴ Rate of change of surface area S w.r.t. t (when r = 15 ) −80π (15 ) = −1200π sq. cm/sec.
∴ When r = 15 cm, the surface area is decreasing at the rate 1200 π sq. cm/sec.
14. Radius of tank = 10 feet.
Let V and h be the volume and depth of wheat at time t .
dV dh
∴ V = π (10 ) h = 100π h cubic ft. ∴ = 100π …(1)
2

dt dt wheat h
Volume of wheat is increasing at the rate of 314 cubic feet per minute.
dV dh dh 314 3.14 r
= +314 ∴from (1) ⇒ 314 = 100π
dt dt dt 100π
∴ ⇒ = =

3.14
π
∴ Depth of wheat is increasing at the rate ft/minute.

ds
π
15. s = 8 + 92t − 4.9t 2 ∴ velocity V= = 92 − 9.8t ,
dt
  ds 
∴ Velocity at t = 3 is   = 92 − 9.8 × 3 = 62.6
 dt  t =3
d 2s d
And acceleration a = 2 = ( 92 − 9.8t ) = −9.8 ∴ Acceleration at t = 3 is −9.8 m/sec
dt dt
retardation is 9.8 m/sec
dx dy
16. Given curve is y 2 = 8 x …(1) We are given that …(2)
dt dt
=

dy dx  dy dx 
Differentiating both sides of (1), w.r.t. (time) t , we get 2 y =8 ⇒ y=4
dt dt  dt dt 
∵ = 

Substituting this value of y in (1), we get, 4 2 = 8x ⇒ x=2

Hence, the required point on the given curve at which both abscissa and the ordinate change at the
same rate is (2, 4).
17. Let r , V and S be respectively the radius, volume and surface area of the sphere at time t .
4
∴ V = π r 3 and S = 4π r 2 , Rate of change of volume w.r.t. t ,
3
dV d 4 3 dr dr 25
= +25  π r  = 25 ⇒ 4π r 2 = 25
dt dt  3 dt dt 4π r 2
⇒ ⇒ =

dS d dr 25 50  dr 25 


Rate of change of surface area w.r.t. t = = ( 4π r 2 ) = 8π r = 8π r .

dt dt dt 4π r 2
r ∵ dt = 4π r 2 
=

50
∴ Rate of change of surface area when r is 5 cm = = 10 cm 2 / sec .
5
18. We have 6 y = x3 + 2 …(1)
The y -coordinate is changing 8 times as fast as the x -coordinate.
dy dx
∴ Rate of change of y w.r.t. t = 8 (rate of change of x w.r.t. t ) ⇒ =8 …(2)
dt dt
dy dx
Differentiating (1) w.r.t. t , we get 6 = ( 3x 2 + 0 )
dt dt
 dx  dx
⇒ 6  8  = 3x 2 ⇒ 16 = x 2 ⇒ x = ±4 (using (2))
 dt  dt
66
When x = 4 ⇒ 6 y = ( 4 ) + 2 = 66 ⇒ y= = 11
3

6
62 31
And when x = −4 ⇒ 6 y = ( −4 ) + 2 = −62 ⇒ y=−
3

6 3
=−

∴ The required points are ( 4, 11) and ( −4, − 31/ 3)

19. Let S be the curved surface of the cone and l its slant height,
then S = π rl where l = r 2 + h 2 ⇒ S = π r r 2 + h 2 , diff. it w.r.t. r , we get,
dS  d d
= π r . (( r + h ) ) +
2 2 1/ 2
r 2 + h2 . ( r )
dr  dr dr
 1


= π  r . ( r 2 + h 2 ) .2r + r 2 + h 2 .1 l
−1/ 2
h
 2



r
  r2 π ( 2r 2 + h 2 )
+ r +h  =
2 2

 r +h r 2 + h2
2 2
=π 

20. Let r be the radius, x the area and y the perimeter of the circle at any time t ,


then x = π r 2 …(1) and y = 2π r …(2)

dx dr dx
Now from (1), = 2π r . Given = constant
dt dt dt
dr dr k
∴ 2π r = constant = k (say) ∴ …(3)
dt dt 2π r
=

dy dr k k dy 1
Now from (2), = 2π = 2π ∝ w
dt dt 2π r r dt r
= ∴

Hence perimeter varies inversely as the radius.

21. When the petrol from the cylindrical drum leaks, then only the height of the petrol will change while
its radius remains constant at 25 cm.
Let h be the height of the petrol in the drum at any time t and V be its volume,
dV dh
then V = π × ( 25 ) × h = 625π h , differentiating w.r.t. t , we get = 625π . .
2

dt dt r
dV
Since the petrol is leaking at the rate of 10 ml/sec, = −10 cm 3 / sec
dt
h
dV
( is −ve , for V is decreasing; 1 ml = 1 cm ) 3

dt
dh dh 2
⇒ −10 = 625π , which is constant.
dt dt 125π
⇒ =−

2
Hence, the level of the petrol is changing at the rate of − cm/sec.
125π
22. Let x cm be the length of each edge and v cm 3 be the volume of the cube at an instant t .
dv dx
Now, v = x3 ∴ = 3x 2 …(1)
dt dt
dv dx
When x = 3 cm, = 0.015 cm 3 / sec . Thus, from (1) we get, 0.015 = 3 × 32
dt dt
dx 0.015
= 0.00056 . Hence the required rate is 0.00056 cm/sec.
dt 27
∴ =

23. We have 16 x 2 + 9 y 2 = 400 …(1)

The ordinate decreases at the same rate at which the abscissa increases.
dy dx dy dx
and are numerically equal and < 0, >0
dt dt dt dt
∴

dy dx
…(2)
dt dt
∴ =−

dx dy
Differentiating (1) w.r.t. t , we get 16.2 x + 9.2 y =0
dt dt
dx  dx 
⇒ 32 x + 18 y  −  = 0 ⇒ 32 x − 18 y = 0 [Using (2)]
dt  dt 
32 16
⇒ y= x i.e., y = x ...(3)
18 9
10 (BOARD LEVEL, XII) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
 16  256 2
2

∴ from(1) 16 x 2 + 9  x  = 400 ⇒ 16 x 2 + x = 400 ⇒ x 2 = 9 ⇒ x = ±3 ,

9  9
16 16 16 16
When x = 3 ,from (3) y = ( 3) = and when x = −3 ⇒ y = ( −3) = −
9 3 9 3
∴ The required points are ( 3, 16 / 3) and ( −3, − 16 / 3)
24. Let l and b be respectively the length and breadth of the rectangle at time t .
∴ l = b2 (∵ length = (breadth) 2 )
Let A be the area of the rectangle at time t .
∴ A = l × b = b 2 × b = b 3 . The area is increasing at the rate of 48 cm 2 / sec.
dA d 3 db db 16
= +48 ⇒ b ) = 48 ⇒ 3b 2 = 48 ⇒
dt dt dt dt b 2
⇒ ( =

dl d db 16 32
Rate of change of length w.r.t. t = = ( b 2 ) = 2b = 2b × 2 = (a + ve quantity)
dt dt dt b b
32
∴ When b = 4.5 , the rate of increase (∵ dl / dt is + ve ) of length = = 7.11 cm/sec.
4.5
25. Let h and A be respectively the height of the plane above the earth and visible area from the plane at
time t .
2π r 2 h
∴ A= . The height of plane is increasing at the rate 100 km/h ,∴ when t=3 min, then h = 5 km
r+h
dh
= +100 . Rate of change of visible area ( A ) w.r.t time
dt
∴

2 ( r + h ) .1 − h ( 0 + 1)
dA dA dh d  h   200π r 3 200π r 3
= 2π r 2 100 200 r
dt dh dt dh  r + h  (r + h)  ( r + h ) (r + 5) 2

2 2
= = ×   × = π   = =

26. Let AB = x cm at time t , ∴ AC = x cm at time t



b b2 4 x2 − b2
2

In right angled triangle ADC , AD 2 = AC 2 − DC 2 = x 2 −   = x2 −

2 4 4
=

4 x2 − b2
∴ AD = ; Let y be the area of ∆ABC at time t .
2
1 1 4 x2 − b2 b
A

∴ y = BC × AD = . b . 4 x2 − b2
2 2 2 4
=
x x

dy dy dx b 1 dx
= . = . ( 4x2 − b ) 8x .
1
2 −2

dt dx dt 4 2 dt
∴

dy bx dx
B D C
b

…(1)
dt 4 x − b dt
2 2
∴ =

Rate of decrease of x w.r.t. t = 3

dx dy bx 3bx
= −3 ∴ from (1) . ( −3 ) = −
dt dt 4 x 2 − b2 4 x2 − b2
∴ =

dy 3b . b 3b 2
= − 3b
dt 4b 2 − b 2 3b
∴ =− =−
x =b

∴ At x = b , the area of triangle is decreasing at the rate 3b sq. cm per second.

27. Let at any instant, the pole be at a position AB when its foot is x metres away from the wall and the
top is y metres above the floor.
dx dy
= 2.5 m/sec. We have to find when x = 12 m.
dt dt
∴

Now, y 2 = 132 − x 2 …(1)

d 2 d dy dx dy x dx
y = (132 − x 2 ) or, 2 y = −2 x or …(2)
dt dt dt dt dt y dt
∴ =−

When x = 12 , from (1) we get, y 2 = 132 − 12 2 = 25 B

 dy  12
∴ y = 5 [∵ y > 0] . Thus, from (2) we get,   = − × 2.5 = −6 m/sec. 13 y
 dt  x =12 5
Thus, the top of the pole is coming down at the rate of 6 m/sec. A
Second part : Let at any instant the pole makes an angle θ with the floor. x O
θ

dy dx
x −y
y dm d y
∴ Slope ( m ) = tan θ = = dt 2 dt
x dt dt x x
∴ =

dx dy  dm  12 × ( −6 ) − 5 × 2.5
When x = 12 , = 2.5, = −6, y = 5 = −0.5868 .
dt dt  dt  x =12 122
∴   =

Hence the slope of the pole is decreasing at the rate of 0.5868 per second.
28. Let at any instant, x metres be the length of the shadow of the man ( AB ) who is y metres away from
the lamp post ( PQ ) . Q
dy B
. = 50 m/min. Now, ∆ABC and ∆PQC are similar. 4m
dt
1.6
∴

AC PC x x+ y 2
or or 4 x = 1.6 ( x + y ) or 2.4 x = 1.6 y , or x = y P A C
∴
AB PQ
=
1.6
=
4 3 y x
dx 2 dy 2
= × 50 = 33.33 m/min. Thus the shadow of the man is lengthening at the rate of 33.33
dt 3 dt 3
∴ =
m/min.
29. Let y be the sine of an angle x .
dx dy
Then, we have y = sin x …(1) Given that =2 …(2)
dt dt
dy dx dy  dy  1
From (1), we get = cos x = cos x .  2  ⇒ 1 = 2 cos x ⇒ cos x =
dt dt dt  dt  2
⇒

⇒ x = 60° = . Hence the required angle is .

3 3
π π

t t3 dx
30. We have, x = t 2  2 −  ⇒ x = 2t 2 − = 4t − t 2
3 3 dt

⇒

This gives velocity of the car at any time t . Suppose the car stops at Q after time t1 .


dx  dx 
∴ At t = t1 , =0 ⇒ 4t1 − t12 = 0 ⇒ t1 ( 4 − t1 ) = 0
dt  dt t =t1
⇒  

⇒ t1 = 4 [∵ t1 = 0 is for from P ]
Thus the car takes 4 seconds to reach at Q .
12 (BOARD LEVEL, XII) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
The distance between P and Q is the value of x at t = t1 i.e., at t = 4 .
43 64 32
∴ PQ = (Value of x at t = 4 ) = 2 × 4 2 − = 32 − m
3 3 3
=

31. Let x be the side of the square sheet of metal and A be the area at any time t.
A = x2 …(1)
dx
∴

∴ Rate of change side w.r.t. t = = 3 cm / sec …(2) [Given]

dt
dA d 2 dx
Differentiating (1) w.r.t. t, we get = ( x ) = 2 x.
dt dt dt
 dA 
When x =10 cm = 2 × 10 × 3 = 60 cm 2 / sec.
 dt at x =10
∴  

∴ Area is increasing at the rate of 60 cm2/sec.

32. Let r be the radius of the spherical balloon and S be the surface area at any time t.
∴ S = 4π r 2 …(1)
 dr 
∴ Rate of change (decrease) of radius w.r.t. t =   = −10 cm / sec …(2) [Given]
 dt 
dS d dr
Differentiating (1) w.r.t., we get = (4π r 2 ) = 8π r.
dt dt dt
 dS 
When r = 15 cm = −80π (15) = −1200 π cm 2 / sec.
 dt at r =15
∴  

∴ The surface area of spherical balloon decreases at the rate of 1200π cm 2 / sec.
33. Let r be the radius of the balloon, V be its volume and S be the surface area at any time t.
4
∴ V = π r3 …(1)
3
dV
∴ Rate of change of volume w.r.t. t = = 20 cm3 / sec …(2) [Given]
dt
dV d  4 3  4 dr dr
Differentiating (1) w.r.t. t, we get=  π r  = 3. π r 2 . = 4π r 2 …(3)
dt dt  3 3 dt dt
dr dr 5


∴ From equations (2) and (3), we get 20 = 4π r 2 . …(4)

dt dt π r
⇒ = 2

∵ Surface area of sphere S = 4π r 2

dS d dr  5  40
Differentiating w.r.t. t, we get = (4π r 2 ) = 8π r. = 8π r.  2  = [∵ By using (4)]
dt dt dt πr  r
 dS   40 
When r = 8 cm, ∴   =   = 5 cm 2 / sec.
 dt at r =8  8 
∴ Rate of change of surface are = 5 cm 2 / sec
34. Let r be the radius of the circular wave and A be the area at any time t.
∴ A = π r2 …(1)
 dr 
∴ Rate of change of radius w.r.t t =   = 3.5 cm / sec . [Given]
 dt 
 dA  dr 
Differentiating (1) w.r.t t we get = 2π r   = 7π r
dt  dt 
 dA 
= 7π (7.5) = 52.5π cm 2 / sec.
 dt at r =7.5
∴  

Rate of increase of area of circular wave is 52.5π cm 2 / sec.

35. Let x be the length of each edge of the cube, V be its volume and S be the surface area at any time t.
∴

∴ V = x3 …(1)
dV
∴ Rate of change of volume w.r.t. = = k (constant) [given] …(2)
dt
dV d 3 dx
Differentiating (1) w.r.t. t, we get = ( x ) = 3x 2 . …(3)
dt dt dt
dx dx k
⇒ k = 3x 2 [∵ By using (2)] …(4)
dt dt 3 x
⇒ = 2

dS dx  k  4k dS 1
Now, surface area S = 6 x 2 = 12 x ⋅ = 12 x.  2  = ∝ . [∵ By using (4)]
dt dt  3x  x dt x
⇒ ⇒

Thus, the rate of increase of surface area varies inversely as the length of the edge of the cube.
36. Let x be the length and y be the breadth of the rectangle at any time t.
Let A be the area of the rectangle at any time t.
∴ A = xy …(1) Also, It is given that x = y 2 …(2)
∴ A = ( y 2 ) y = y3
dA d 3 dy
Differentiating w.r.t. t, we get = ( y ) = 3y2. …(3)
dt dt dt
 dA 
∴ Rate of change of area w.r.t. t =   = 48 cm 2 / sec. …(4) [Given]
 dt 
dy dy 48 16
∴ From (3) and (4), we have 3 y 2 = 48 ⇒ …(5)
dt dt 3 y 2 y 2
= =

 dx  d
∴ Rate of change of length w.r.t t =   = ( y 2 ) [∵ By using (2)]
 dt  dt
dy  16  32
= 2 y. = 2y 2  = cm / sec [∵ By using (5)]
dt y  y
 dx  32
When y = 4.5 cm. = 7.11 cm / sec.
 dt at y = 4.5 4.5
∴   =

∴ The rate of increase of length of rectangle is 7.11 cm / sec.

37. We have, 6 y = x3 + 2 …(1)
It is given that; The y-coordinate is changing 8 times as fast as the x-coordinate.
dy dx
= 8. …(2)
dt dt
∴

dy d dy dx
Differentiating (1) w.r.t. it, we get 6. = ( x3 + 2) ⇒ 6 = 3x 2 + 0
dt dt dt dt
 dx  dx
⇒ 6  8  = 3x 2 [∵ By using (2)]
 dt  dt
 dx dx
⇒ 48 = 3x 2 ⇒ 16 = x 2 ⇒ x = ± 4.
dt dt
66
∴ From (1) 6 y = (4)3 + 2 = 64 + 2 = 66 ⇒

62 31
When x = −4 . ∴ From (1), 6 y = (−4)3 + 2 = −64 + 2 = −62 ⇒ 6 62
6 3
31
∴ The required points are (4, 11) and 4, .
3
2
38. We have 3

It is given that; The y-coordinate is changing 2 times as fast as the x-coordinate.

dy dx
=2 …(2)
dt dt
∴

dy d  2 3  2 2 dx
Differentiating (1) w.r.t. t, we get =  x + 1 = .3 x +0
dt dt  3  3 dt
dy dx dx dx
= 2x2 ⇒ 2 = 2x2 [∵ By using (2)] ⇒ x2 − 1 ⇒ x = ±1
dt dt dt dt
⇒

2 3 2 5
When x = 1 ∴ From (1), y = (1) + 1 = + 1 =
3 3 3
2 2 1
When x = −1, ∴ From (1), y = (−1)3 + 1 = − + 1 =
3 3 3
 5 1
∴ The required points are 1,  and  −1,  .
 3 3


3


39. It is given that, Diameter of the sphere = (2 x + 3)

2
13  3
∴ Radius of the sphere =  (2 x + 3)  = (2 x + 3) .
22  4
4 3 4 3 4 27 9π
3

∴ Volume of the sphere V = π r = π  (2 x + 3)  = π × (2 x + 3)3 = (2 x + 3)3 .

3 3 4 3 64 16


 dV  d  9π


∴ Rate of change of volume w.r.t. x =   =  (2 x + 3) 

3

 dx  dx  16
9π d 27π 27π


.3(2 x + 3) 2 . (2 x + 3) = (2 x + 3)2 .(2 + 0) = (2 x + 3)2 .

16 dx 16 8
=

40. Let r be the radius of the spherical bubble and V be the volume at any time t.
4
∴ V = π r3 …(1)
3
 dr  1
∴ Rate of change of radius w.r.t. t =   = cm / sec. …(2) [Given]
 dt  2
dV d  4 3  4 dr dr
Differentiating (1) w.r.t. we get =  π r  = π .3r 2 . = 4π r 2
dt dt  3  3 dt dt
1
= 4π r 2   = 2π r 2 cm3 / sec. [∵ By using (2)]
2
  dV 
When r = 1 cm. = 2π (1) 2 = 2π cm3 / sec
dt
∴  
at r =1
∴ Rate of increase of volume of the bubble is 2π cm3 / sec.


41. Let x be the diameter and V be the volume of the sphere.

4 4  x  4  x3  π
3

∴ V = π r3 ⇒ V = π   = π   = x3 .
3 3 2 3  8  6
dV d  π 3  π
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get =  x  = (3 x 2 ) = x 2 .
dx dx  6  6 2
π

42. Let AB be the lamp post. Let at any time t, the man CD is at a distance x m from the lamp post and y m
be the length of his shadow CE.
B
 dx 
∴ Speed of man =   = 6 m / min . …(1)
 dt 
AB AE D
In similar triangles ABE and CDE, we have 5m
CD CE
=

5 x+ y 2m
⇒ 5 y = 2( x + y ) ⇒ 5 y = 2 x + 2 y
2 y
A C y E
⇒ =

⇒ 3 y = 2x …(2) x

dy dx dy 2
Differentiating w.r.t t, we get 3 =2 = (6) = 4 m / min [∵ by using (1)]
dt dt dt 3
⇒

∴ The shadow of the man increases at the rate of 4 m/min.

43. Let x be the length and y be the breadth of the rectangle.
(a) Let P be the perimeter of the rectangle at any time t.
∴ P = 2( x + y ) …(1)
 dx 
∴ Rate of change of (decrease) length w.r.t. t =   = −3 cm / min . …(2) [Given]
 dt 
 dy 
Rate of change of (increase) breadth w.r.t t =   = 2 cm / min …(3) [Given]
 dt 
dP d dx dy
Differentiating (1) w.r.t. t, we get = (2 x + 2 y ) = 2 + 2 …(4)
dt dt dt dt
dP
= 2(−3 + 2) = −2 cm / min . [∵ By using (2) and (3)]
dt
⇒

∴ Rate of change of perimeter of rectangle = −2 cm / min .

(b) Let A be the are of the rectangle at any time t.
∴ A = xy …(5)
dA d dy dx
Differentiating w.r.t. t, we get = ( xy ) = x. + y.
dt dt dt dt
dA
= x(2) + y (−3) [∵ By using (2) and (3)] = 2x − 3y
dt
⇒

When x = 10 cm and y = 6 cm.

dA 
= 2(10) − 3(6) = 20 − 18 = 2 cm 2 / min .
dt  atat x=10
∴
y=6
 ∴ Rate of change of area of rectangle
44. Let x be the length and y be the breadth of the rectangle.
(a) Let P be the perimeter of the rectangle at any time t.
∴ P = 2( x + y ) …(1)
dx
∴ Rate of change of (decrease) length w.r.t. t = = −2 cm / sec. …(2) [Given]
dt
dy
∴ Rate of change of (increase) breadth w.r.t. t = = 2 cm / sec . …(3) [Given]
dt
dP d dP dx dy
Differentiating (1) w.r.t. t, we get = (2 x + 2 y ) ⇒ =2 +2
dt dt dt dt dt
dP
= 2(−2) + 2(2) [∵ By using (2) and (3)] = −4 + 4 = 0 cm / sec .
dt
⇒

∴ The perimeter remains constant.

(b) Let A be the area of the rectangle at any time t. ∴ A = xy
dA d dy dx
Differentiating w.r.t. t, we get = ( xy ) = x. + y.
dt dt dt dt
dA
= x. (2) + y.(−2) [∵ By using (2) and (3)] = 2x − 2 y
dt
⇒

When x = 12 cm and y = 5 cm.

dA 
= 2(12) − 2(5) = 24 − 10 = 14 cm 2 / sec.
dt  at y=5
∴  at x=12

∴ Rate of change of area of rectangle = 14 cm 2 / sec .

45. Let at any time t, x m be the radius and y m be the altitude of the cylinder and V be the volume.
∴ V = π r 2h = π x2 y …(1)
dx
∴ Rate of change of radius w.r.t t = = 2 m / sec. …(2) [Given]
dt
dy
∴ Rate of change of altitude w.r.t t = = −3 m / sec. …(3) [Given]
dt
dV d dy d
Differentiating (1) w.r.t. t , we get = (π x 2 y ) = π x 2 . + π y. ( x 2 )
dt dt dt dt
dy dx
= π x2 + 2π xy = π x 2 (−3) + 2π xy (2) [∵ By using (2) and (3)]
dt dt
dV 
= −3π (3) 2 + 4π (3) (5) = −3π (9) + 4π (15) = −27π + 60π = 33π m3 / sec.
dt  x=3
y=5

∴ Rate of change of volume = 33π m3 / sec . B

46. Let AB be the tower. Let at any time t, the distance of man
from the foot of tower and the top of tower are x metre and y
metre respectively.
∴ In right triangle OAB: ym
120 m
AB 2 = OA2 + OB 2 ⇒ y 2 = x 2 + (120)2 …(1)
Differentiating w.r.t. t, we get

O xm A
 dy dx dy x dx
⇒ 2y = 2 x. + 0 = . …(2)
dt dt dt y dt
⇒

∴ Rate of change of x (decrease) w.r.t.

dx
t= = −6.5 km / h. …(3) [Given]
dt
∴ From equations (2) and (3), we have
dy x 6.5 x
= (−6.5) = −
dt y y
When x = 50 m ∴ From (1), y 2 = (50) 2 + (120) 2
⇒ y = 2500 + 14400 = 16900 ⇒ y = 130
dy 6.5(50)
∴ From equation (4), we have = −2.5 km / hr
dt 130
=−

∴ The man is approaching to the top of the tower at the rate of 2.5 km/hr.
47. Let r be the radius and V be the volume of the hemisphere at any time t.
2
∴ V = π r3 …(1)
3
dr
Rate of change of radius w.r.t. t = = 0.5 cm / sec …(2) [Given]
dt
dV 2 dr dr
Differentiating (1) w.r.t. t, we get = π 3r 2 . = 2π r 2
dt 3 dt dt
= 2π r 2 (0.5) = π r 2 …(3) [∵ By using (2)]
When r = 10 cm
dV 
= π (10) 2 = 100π cm3 / sec .
dt  at r =10
∴

∴ Rate of change of volume is = 100π cm3 / sec.

48. Let AB be the tower.
Let at any time t, the man be at a distance x metres from the tower AB and let θ be the angle of
elevation at that time.
BD
∴ In right triangle BCD: tan θ =
CD
Now, BD = AB − AD = 41.6 − 1.6 = 40
40  40  B
∴ From (1), we have tan θ = ⇒ θ = tan −1  
x  x 
1  40  dx
Differentiating w.r.t. t, we get = .
1600  x 2  dt 41.6 m
1+ 2
−

x
dθ 1 d  40   d 1  x
. ∵ dx (tan x) = 1 + x 2 
−1
D C
dt  40  dt  x  1.6 m 1.6 m
θ
2

1+  
=
A x
 

 x 
1  40  dx x2 40 dx 40 dx
. − 2  . = − 2 × 2. . …(2)
x + 1600  x  dt x + 1600 x dt x + 1600 dt
= 2 =− 2

x 2

Now, the man is moving away from the tower at the rate of 2m/sec.
 dθ
2 m/sec
dt
∴

dx 40 80
∴ From (2) and (3), we have (2)
dt x 2
1600 x 2
1600
When x = 30m
dθ  −80 −80 −80 −4
rad . / sec .
dt  at x =30 (30) + 1600 900 + 1600 2500 125
2
∴  = = = =

4
∴ The angle of elevation of the top of tower is changing at the rate of rad .sec.
125
49. Let at any time t, C be the position of kite and BC be the string.
C
From the figure, we have ( BC ) 2 = ( AB ) 2 + ( AC ) 2
y 2 = x 2 + (120)2 ⇒ y 2 = x 2 + 14400 …(1) y
When y = 130 m 120

∴ (130)2 = x 2 + 14400 ⇒ 16900 − 14400 = x 2 ⇒ x 2 = 2500 ⇒ x = 50 m.

Now, the kite is moving away horizontally at the rate of 52 m/sec. A x B
θ

dx
= 52 m / sec. …(2)
dt
∴

dy dx
Differentiating (1) w.r.t. t , we get 2 y = 2x + 0
dt dt
dy  x   dx  dy  x 
=   .  =   . ( 52 ) [From (2)]
dt  y   dt  dt  y 
⇒ ⇒

dy  50
When y = 130 m and x = 50 m. × 52 = 20 m / sec .
dt  atat xy==130 130
∴  =

∴ The string is paid out at the rate of 20 m/sec.

50

50. Let r be the radius and h be the height of the sand cone at any time t.
r
∴ h= …(1) [Given]
6
Let V be the volume of the cone at any time t.
1 1 1
∴ V = π r 2 h …(2) ⇒ V = π (6h)2 h = π (36h 2 )h = 12 π h3 …(3)
3 3 3
Now, sand is pouring from a pipe at the rate of 12 cm /sec.
3

dV
= 12 cm3 / sec. …(4) [Given]
dt
∴

dV dh
Differentiating (3) w.r.t. t , we get = 36 π h 2 .
dt dt
dh dh 12 1
∴ From (4) and (5), we have 36π h 2 = 12 ⇒ cm / sec.
dt dt 36π h 2
3π h 2
= =

dh  1 1 1
When h = 4 cm cm / sec.
dt  at h = 4 3π (4) 2
3π (16) 48π
∴  = = =

51. Let r be the radius and V be the volume of the spherical balloon at any time t.
4
∴ V = π r3 …(1)
3
 dV
Now, rate of change of volume w.r.t. t = = 900 cm3 / sec. …(2) [Given]
dt
dV 4  2 dr  dV dr
Differentiating (1) w.r.t. t, we get = π .  3r = 4π r 2 …(3)
dt 3  dt  dt dt
 ⇒

dr dr 900
From (2) and (3), we have 4π r 2 . = 900 ⇒ …(4)
dt dt 4π r 2
∴ =

dr  900 900 900 1

When r = 15 cm. = cm / sec.
dt  at r =15 4π (15) 2
4π (225) 900π π
∴  = = =

1
∴ Radius of balloon is increasing at the rate of cm / sec.

dr dA dr 10
π
52. Given = 5cm/sec , are A = π r 2 ⇒ = 2π r ;100 = 2π r × 5 ⇒ r = cm
dt dt dt
dr dA
π

 dt = 5cm / sec, dt = 100 cm / sec 

 2 

dV dr dr dh
53. Given, = 100 cm3 / sec, = 20 cm / sec, r = 5h ⇒ =5
dt dt dt dt
1 1 1 25
Volume of cone V = π r 2 = π ( 5h ) h = π × 25h 3 = π h3
2

3 3 3 3
25 dV 25 dh
∴ V = π h3 ⇒ = × π × 3h 2 ⋅
3 dt 3 dt
25 1  dh 1 dr dr
⇒ 100 = π × 3h 2 × × 20 ∵ dt = 5 dt and dt = 20 cm/sec 
3 5


1
⇒ 1 = π h2 ⇒ h = cm

3 2 dA 3 da
π

54. Area of equilateral triangle A = a , a.

4 dt 2 dt
=

dA  3  da
× 2 × 15 = 15 3 cm 2 /sec  dt = 2cm / sec 
dt  a =15 2

⇒  =

dy −x dx
55. y = 169 − x 2 ⇒ .
dt 169 − x dt
=
2
B

dy −x  dx
×2 ∵ dt = 2 ( given ) 
13

dt 169 − x 2

y
=−

dy  −5 −5
2 cm/sec
×2 = cm/sec x A
dt  x =5 169 − 5 2 6
 =

dx
56. Given, = 0.5 m / sec
dt
A
∴ ∆ABO and ∆CDO are similar
AB BO
∴
CD DO
= C
8 x+ y 1
⇒ 5y = x + y ⇒ y = x 1.6
1.6 y 4
=

O
B D
x y
 dy 1 dx 0.5
= 0.125 m / sec
dt 4 dt 4
∴ = =

d dx dy
Rate of change of tip = ( x + y ) = = 0.5 + 0.125 = 0.625 m / sec
dt dt dt
+

EC ED
57. ∴ ∆CDE and ∆ABC are similar
AC AB
∴ =

h r h dV
⇒r= , = 5 cm3 / sec;
20 10 2 dt
⇒ =
10 A
1 1 h B
V = π r 2 h = π h3 ∵ r =
3 12 2  r


E D
dV 1 2 dh 1 dh  dV 20
= πh ⇒ 5 = π h2 ∵ dt = 5cm /sec 
3

dt 4 dt 4 dt

h
∴

dh 20 dh  20
= 0.06cm / sec C
dt π h 2 dt  h = 20−10 =10 22
× 10
⇒ = ⇒ =
2

7


dr
58. Given, r = 3, = 0.05
dt
Area of circular disc A = π r 2
dA d dr dA 
= (π r 2 ) = 2π r × = 2π r × 0.05 = 0.1π r = 0.1π × 3.2π = 0.32π cm 2 / sec
dt dt dt dt  r =3.2
⇒ 

dV dV
59. ∝S = kS , k is constant
dt dt
⇒

d 4 3 2 dr dr
 π r  = k ⋅ 4π r ⇒ 4π r
2
= k ⋅ 4π r 2 =k
dt  3 dt dt
⇒ ⇒

Hence, radius is decreasing at constant rate



dx
60. = 10 m/sec; y = 22500 + x 2
dt
dy 1 dx x dx
⋅ 2x =
dt 2 22500 + x 2 dt 22500 + x 2 dt ym
150 m
= ⋅

dy  250
⋅10 xm
dt  x = 250 22500 + 6200 1.5 m 1.5 m
 =

2500 xm
m/sec = 8 m/sec (approx)
50 34
=

61. Let x be the side of cube, ∴ volume of cube V = x3 and surface area of cube S = 6 x 2
dV d dx dx k
= k ⇒ ( x3 ) = k ⇒ 3x 2 ⋅ = k ⇒
dt dt dt dt 3 x
= 2

dS d  dx  k 4k ds 1
= ( 6 x 2 ) = 12 x   = 12 x ⋅ 2 =
dt dt  dt  3x x dt x
⇒ ∝

62. A1 = x 2 , A2 = y 2 = ( x − x 2 )
2

dA2 dA2 dA1 2 ( x − x ) (1 − 2 x )

2

= (1 − x )(1 − 2 x ) = 1 − 3 x + 2 x 2
dA1 dx dx 2x
= ÷ =
63. Let AB be the tower and P be the position of the man at any time t . Let x and y metres be his
distances from the foot and the top of the tower respectively at that instant, then
y 2 = x 2 + (120 ) …(i)
2

dy dx dy x dx
Diff. (i) w.r.t. t , we get 2 y = 2x + 0
dt dt dt y dt B
⇒ =

dx
But given, = −4.5 m/sec (Negative sign due to the decrease in x )
dt re
s
et
dy 4.5 ym

120 metres
x …(ii)
dx y
∴ =−

When x = 50 m , from (i) y 2 = 50 2 + 1202 = 16900 ⇒ y = 130 m P A

x metres
dy 9 50 45
When x = 50 m , y = 130 m from (ii),
dt 2 130 26
=− × =−

45
Hence, the man is approaching the top of the tower at the rate of m/sec when he is 50 m away from
26
the tower.
64. Let AB be the tower of height 49.6 m. Let MP be the position of the man at any time t and x metres
be its distance from the tower and θ (radians) be the angle of elevation, then
CB 48
tan θ =
PC x
=

(∵ CB = AB − AC = AB − MP = ( 49.6 − 1.6 ) m = 48 m and PC = MA = x metres)

⇒ x = 48cot θ …(i) B
dx dθ
Diff. (i) w.r.t. t , we get = 48 ( cosec2θ ) ⋅
dt dt
dx 49.6 m
But = 2 m/ sec (given)
dt xm
C
P
dθ 1.6 m
θ

∴ 2 = −48cosec 2θ [When x increase then θ decrease] xm A

dt M
dθ 1
…(2)
dt 24 cosec2θ
⇒ =−

36 3 9 25
When x = 36 , from (i) cot θ = ⇒ cosec 2θ = 1 + cot 2 θ = 1 +
48 4 16 16
= =

dθ 1 2
∴ From (ii),
dt 25 75
24.
=− =−

16
65. (i) Given y 2 = 8 x …(i)
dy dx dy dx dx dx
∴ 2y =8 but (given) ⇒ 2y =8 ⇒ y=4
dx dt dt dt dt dt
=

From (i), when y = 4, 4 2 = 8 x ⇒ x=2

Hence, the required point on the curve is ( 2, 4 )
2 3
(ii) y = x +1 …(i)
3

21
 dy 2 dx dy dx dx dx
= ⋅ 3x 2 + 0 = 2 x 2 but =2 (given) ⇒ 2 = 2 x2
dt 3 dt dt dt dt dt
∴

2 5
From (i), when x = 1, y = ⋅13 + 1 = ; when
3 3
( )
 5  1
∴ The required points on the curve are 1,  ,  −1,  .
 3  3
66. x 2 + y 2 = 36 …(i)
dx dy dy x dx
⇒ 2x + 2y =0 …(ii) Y
dt dt dt y dt
⇒ =−

dx 1 La
When x = 4, y = 2 5 (from (i)), (given) dd
dt 2 er
=

dy 4 1 1 y
.

W all
dt 2 5 2 5

6
x

m
∴ =− × =−

1
Hence, the top is sliding downwards at the rate of m/sec. Ground X
5
dy dx
When = − , then from (ii), y = x .
dt dt
From (i) x 2 + x 2 = 36 ⇒ 2 x 2 = 36 ⇒ x 2 = 18 ⇒ x=3 2m.
*67. Let x be the length of a side of the cube at any instant of time t , V and S be its volume and surface
area respectively at that instant,
Then V = x3 …(1) and S = 6 x 2 …(2)
dV
We are given that = k (constant) …(3)
dt
dV dx dx dx k
Diff. (1) w.r.t. t , we get = 3x2 ⇒ k = 3x 2 …(4) (using (3))
dt dt dt dt 3 x
⇒ = 2

dS dx  k 
Differentiating (2) w.r.t. t , we get = 6 ( 2 x ) = 12 x  2  (using (4))
dt dt  3x 
dS 4k dS 1
dt x dt x
⇒ = ⇒ ∝

Hence, the surface area of the cube varies inversely as the length of an edge of the cube.
(ii) Let A and S be the area of the two squares in reference, then A = x 2 and S = y 2 . We are required
dS
to find .
dA
dS d 2 d d dA d 2
Now, = (y )= x − x 2 ) = ( x 2 + x 4 − 2 x3 ) = 2 x + 4 x 3 − 6 x 2 and = ( x ) = 2x .
2

dx dx dx dx dx dx
( { }
dS  dS   dA  2 x + 4 x − 6 x 2 x (1 + 2 x 2 − 3x )
Hence, = 1 − 3x + 2 x 2
3 2

dA  dx   dx  2x 2x
=  = =
O 5
 

*68. Let r and h be respectively the radius and the height of the surface of water at
time t . Let V be the volume of water in funnel.
B r C
1
∴ V = π r 2h …(1)
3 10
r 5 1
By similar triangles, = ∴ r= h
h 10 2
D
 1 h π h3
2

∴ from (1) V = π   h = …(2)

3 2 12
Since water is running out of the funnel at the rate of 5 cm 3 / sec .
dV dV
= −5 ( is −ve , because V decreases as t increases)
dt dt
∴

dV d  π h3  3π h 2 dh π h 2 dh dh 20
from (2) = −5
dt dt  12  12 dt 4 dt dt πh
=  = ⇒ ⇒ =− 2

dh 20
∴ Rate of change of water level (i.e., of h ) w.r.t. time t =
dt πh
=− 2

When water level is 2.5 cm from the top, h = 10 − 2.5 = 7.5

20 16
∴ Rate of change of water level w.r.t. t , when h is 7.5 = − cm/sec.
π ( 7.5)
2
45π
=−

16
∴ Rate of dropping of water level w.r.t. t when h is 7.5 = cm/sec.
45π
dh
Remark : is −ve , because h decreases as t increases.
dt

*69. Let VAB be a conical funnel of semi-vertical angle . At any time t the water in the cone also forms
4
π

a cone. Let r be its radius, l be the slant height and S be the surface area. Then, VA′ = l , O′ A′ = r

and ∠A′VO′ = .
4
π

VO′ VO′ π O′A′ O′A′

In ∆VO′A′ , we have cos and sin = A O B
4 VA′ l 4 VA′ l
π
= = =

O′
⇒ VO′ = l cos and O′A′ = l sin A′ B′
4 4
π π

The surface area S of the conical funnel is given by 4 4

ππ

S = π ( O′A′ )(VA′ ) [Using S = π rl ]

V
π l2
⇒ S = π l sin . l = π l sin
2

4 4 2
π π
=

dS 2π l dl 2π l dl  dS dl 2
⇒ −2 = ∵ dt = −2 cm / sec 
2

dt 2 dt 2 dt dt πl

⇒ = ⇒ =−

 dl  2 2
cm/sec. Thus, the rate of decrease of the slant height is cm/sec.
 dt l = 4 4π 4π
⇒   =−

*70 Let AB be the pole B being the source of light.

Let at any time t the man CD is at a distance x m from the pole and y m be the length of his shadow
CE. B
 dx 
∴ Speed of man =   = 1.1 m / sec, …(1)
 dt 
In similar triangles ABE and CDE, we have D

AB AE 6 x+ y 6m
1.6 m
CD CE 1.6 y E
A C
= ⇒ =

⇒ 6 y = 1.6 ( x + y ) ⇒ 6 y = 1.6 x + 1.6 y x y

23
24 (BOARD LEVEL, XII) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
⇒ 4.4 y = 1.6 x …(2)
Differentiating w.r.t t. we get
dy dx dy 1.6 16 × 11 4
4.4 = 1.6 (1.1) [∵ By using (1)] = 0.4 m / sec,
dt dt dt 4.4 44 × 10 10
⇒ = = =

dy dy 
Since, is independent of x. = 0.4 m / sec.
dt dt  at x =1
∴

∴ The length of shadow is increasing at the rate of 0.4 m/sec.

*71. We have, 16 x 2 + 9 y 2 = 400 …(1)
It is given that: The ordinate decreases at the same rate at which the abscissa increases.
dy dx dy dx
…(2)
dt dt dt dt
∴ − =+ ⇒ =−

dx dy
Differentiating (1), w.r.t. t, we get 32 x. + 18 y. = 0
dt dt
dx  dx 
⇒ 32 x + 18 y  −  = 0 [∵ By using (2)]
dt  dt 
dx 32 16 x
⇒ (32 x − 18 y ) =0 ⇒ 32 x − 18 y = 0 ⇒ y = x ⇒ y= …(3)
dt 18 9
 16 x 
2

Substituting this value of y in (1), we get 16 x 2 + 9   = 400

 9 
256 x 2 144 x 2 + 256 x 2 400 x 2
⇒ 16 x 2 + = 400 = 400 = 400 ⇒ x 2 = 9 ⇒ x = ± 3
9 9 9
⇒ ⇒

16(3) 16
When x = +3 , ∴ From (3) y =
9 3
=

16(−3) 16
When x = −3 , ∴ From (3) y =
9 3
=−

 16  16 
∴ The required points are  3,  and  −3, −  .
 3 3


*72. Let AB be the ladder of length 5m.



At any time t, let OA = xm and OB = y m.

∴ In right triangle OAB: OA2 + OB 2 = AB 2
⇒ x 2 + y 2 = 52 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 = 25 …(1)
dx dy dx dy
Differentiating (1) w.r.t. t, we get, 2 x. + 2y =0 ⇒ x + y =0
dt dt dt dt
It is given that the bottom A of the ladder is pulled away from the wall at the rate of 2m/sec.
 dx  y
∴ Rate of change of x w.r.t. t =   = 2 m / sec …(3)
 dt  B
dy
∴ From (2) and (3), we have x(2) + y =0
dt 5m
y
dy dy 2x
⇒ y = −2 x ⇒
dt dt y
=−

When x = 4. ∴ From (1), O x A x

(4) + y = 25 ⇒ 16 + y = 25 ⇒ y = 25 − 16 ⇒ y = 9
2 2 2 2 2
⇒ y=3
 dy 2(4) 8
∴ From equation (4), we have = − m / sec .
dt 3 3
=−

8
∴ The rate of decrease in the height of the ladder on the wall is m / sec.
3
*73. Let BC be the ladder leaning against the wall AC. Let at any time t, angle of elevation of the ladder to
the wall is θ and the distance of foot of ladder to the wall is x metre.
Let y be the height of the wall.
AC y
∴ In right triangle ABC : tan θ = …(1)
AB x
=

and x 2 + y 2 = (13)2 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 = 169 …(2)

Now, that foot of ladder is pulled along the ground from the wall at the rate of 1.5 m/sec.
dx 3
= (1.5) = m / sec …(3)
dt 2
∴

dx dy dy dx
Differentiating (2) w.r.t. t, we get 2 x + 2 y. =0 ⇒ y = −x [∵ By using (3)]
dt dt dt dt
dy x 3 3x
…(4) C
dt y2 2y
=−  =−

dy dx 13
x. − y. y
dθ dt dt
Differentiating (1) w.r.t. t , we get sec2 θ .
dt x 2
=

 3x  3 A x B
x−  − y 
θ

2y  2
[∵ By using (3) and (4)]
x
=  2

3x 2 3 y
2 y 2  −3x 2 − 3 y 2  dθ 1  x2 + y2 
(−3) 
− −

x2  2x y 
2
dt sec 2 θ  2x y 
2
= =  ⇒ = 

−3( x 2 + y 2 ) −3( x 2 + y 2 ) y
(1 + tan 2 θ ) (2 x 2 y )  y2  ∵ tan θ = x 


1 (2 x 2 y )
= =

x 2 
 +

−3( x 2 + y 2 ) x 2 3
 

…(5)
( x + y ) (2 x y )
2 2 2
2y
= =−

When x = 12m, then, from (2) (12)2 + y 2 = 169

⇒ 144 + y 2 = 169 ⇒ y 2 = 169 − 144 = 25 ⇒ y = 5m.
dθ  −3 3
When y = 5 metre. = − rad ./ sec
dt  at y =5 2(5) 10
∴  =

 3
∴ Rate of change of angle between the ladder and the ground is   rad ./ sec .
 10 
*74. Let x cm be the length of the sides which are being lengthened and y cm be the length of the other
sides at any time t.
50
∴ Area = xy cm 2 ⇒ xy = 50 [∵ Area = 50 cm2 is constant] ⇒ y= …(1)
x

25
 50 
Also, perimeter, P = 2( x + y ) = 2  x +  ,
x 


dP   100   dx  100  dx


Differentiating w.r.t. t, we get = 2+−  . = 2 − 2 .

dt   x 2   dt  x  dt

dP 100 200
2 2 4
dt x2 x2
⇒

dP 200 200
(i) When x = 5 cm. 4 4 4 8 4 cm / sec.
dt (5)2 25
∴
at x =5

∴ Perimeter is decreasing at the rate of 4 cm/sec.

(ii) When x = 10 cm.
dP  200 200
= 4− = 4− = 4 − 2 cm / sec.
dt  at x =10 (10) 2
100
∴ 

∴ Perimeter is increasing at the rate of 2 cm/sec.

*75. Let r be the radius and h be the height of the surface of water at any time t.
Let V be the volume of water in the funnel.
B 10 cm C
∴ V = π r 2h …(1)
3
1

From the figure: In ∆ABC , BC = 10 cm , BA = 20 cm

In ∆ ADE , DE = r and AD = h D
E
Now, ∆ABC and ∆ ADE are similar. 20
BC DE 10 r 1 r h h
= ⇒ = ⇒ r= …(2)
AB DA 20 h 2 h 2
∴ = ⇒

∴ From (1) and (2), we have

A
1 h 1  h2  1
2

V = π   . h = π   h = π h3 .
3 2 3  4  12
dV 1  2 dh  1 2 dh
Differentiating w.r.t. t, we get = π  3h .  = π h . …(3)
dt 12  dt  4 dt
Since , water is running out of the funnel at the rate of 5 cm /sec.
3

dV
= −5 cm3 / sec …(4) [Given]
dt
∴

1 dh dh −20
∴ From (3) and (4), we have π h 2 . = −5 ⇒
4 dt dt π h 2
=

When water level is 5 cm from the top, then h = 20 − 5 = 15 cm.

dh  −20 −20 −4
cm / sec.
dt  at h =15 π (15) 2
225π 45π
∴  = = =

4
Rate of dropping of the water level is cm / sec.
45π
∴

*76 Let r be the radius, h be the height and V be the volume of the water in the funnel at any time t.
Let l be the slant-height of water-cone.
 1 B
∴ V = π r 2h …(1) C
3
120° D r
It is given that, Semi-vertical angle DOA = = 60° h
2 60° 60 °
DE AD l
∴ In right triangle ADE : sin 60° = and cos 60° =
AE AE
A
3 r 1 h 3 l
= and = ⇒ r= l and h = .
2 l 2 l 2 2
⇒

Putting these values of r and h in equation (1), we have

1  3   l  1  3l 2   l  π 3
2

V = π  l   = π    = l …(2)
3  2   2  3  4   2  8
dV π  2 dl  3 2 dl
Differentiating w.r.t. t, we get =  3l .  = π l . …(3)
dt 8  dt  8 dt
dV
Now, rate of change (decrease) of volume of water w.r.t. t = = −2 cm3 / sec. …(4) [Given]
dt
3 2 dl dl −16
∴ From (4) and (3), we have ⇒ π l . = −2 …(5)
8 dt dt 3π l 2
⇒ =

dl  −16 −16 −1
When l = 4 cm , cm / sec.
dt  at l = 4 3π (4) 2
3π (16) 3π
∴  = = =

1
∴ Rate of decrease of the slant height of water is cm / sec.
3π
*77. Let r be the radius, h be the height and V be the volume of the cylindrical drum at any time t.
∴ V = π r 2h …(1)
When radius r = 10 cm ⇒ V = π (10) 2 h = 100π h …(2)
dV dh
Differentiating w.r.t. t , we get = 100 π …(3)
dt dt
 dV 
Now, rate of change (decrease) of volume of oil w.r.t t =   = −10 cm / sec.
3
…(4) [Given]
 dt 
dh dh −10 −1
∴ From (3) and (4), we have 100π = −10 ⇒ cm / sec
dt dt 100π 10π
= =

1
∴ Rate of decrease of oil level is cm / sec.
10π
*78. Let ABC be an isosceles triangle with AB and AC are two equal sides.
Let AB = AC = x (say)
Let at any time t, A be the area of ∆ ABC .
1 1
∴ A= (base × height), A = × BC × AD
2 2
Since, ABC be an isosceles triangle, therefore height AD bisects BC at point D.
1 b
i.e., BD = DC = DC =
2 2
b
2

∴ In right triangle ADC : ( AC ) = AD + DC ⇒ x = AD +  

2 2 2 2 2

2

27
28 (BOARD LEVEL, XII) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
b 4 x2 − b2 1
⇒ AD = x − ⇒ AD = ⇒ AD = 4 x2 − b2 …(2)
2
2 2

4 4 2
1 1 1
∴ Equation (1) becomes : A = × b × 4 x2 − b2 A = b 4 x 2 − b2 …(3)
2 2 4
dA 1 1 d
Differentiating w.r.t. t, we get, = b . (4 x 2 − b 2 )
dt 4 2 4 x 2 − b 2 dt
b dx dA bx dx
(8 x − 0). . …(4)
8 4 x2 − b2 dt dt 4 x 2 − b 2 dt
= ⇒ =

 dx 
Now, rate of change (decrease) of equal sides w.r.t t =   = −3 cm / sec. ...(5) [Given]
 dt 
dA bx −3bx
∴ From (4) and (5), we have .(−3) = cm2 / sec.
dt 4x − b
2 2
4x − b
2 2
=

When x = b i.e., the two equal sides are equal to the base.
dA  −3b.(b) −3b 2
= − 3 b cm 2 / sec.
dt  at x =b 4b − b
2 2
3b 2
∴  = =

∴ Area of triangle ABC is decreasing at the rate of 3 b cm2 / sec

*79. Let ABC be the cone having radius 5m and height 10 m B
O 5 cm
C
Let V be the volume of the water in the vessel at any time t
1
∴ V = π r 2h …(1) r
3 D E
10 m
Now, ∆ AOC and ∆ ADF are similar
h
DE DA r h 5h h
⇒ r= ⇒ r=
OC OA 5 10 10 2
∴ = ⇒ =

Putting this value of r in (1), we get A

1 h 1 h2 1 1
2

V = π   . h = π × h = π h3 ⇒ V = π h3 …(2)
3 2 3 4 12 12
dV 1 dh 1 2 dh
Differentiating (2) w.r.t. t, we get= π 3h 2 . = πh …(3)
dt 12 dt 4 dt
dV 3 3
Now, rate of change of volume of water w.r.t. t = = 1.5 m3 / sec. …(4) [Given] m / sec .
dt 2
=

3 1 dh dh dh 6
∴ From (3) and (4), we get = π h 2 . ⇒ π h2 =6 ⇒
2 4 dt dt dt π h
= 2

dh  6 6 3
When h = 4m, m / sec.
dt  at h = 4 π (4) 16π 8π
2
∴  = = =

*80. Let ABC be a cone having radius 2m and height 10m. Let V be the volume of the water in the vessel
at any time t.
1
∴ V = π r 2h …(1)
3
AD DE h r
Now, ∆ADE and ∆AOC are similar. ∴ = ⇒ h = 5r
AO OC 10 2
= ⇒

1 5
Putting this value of h in (1), we get, V = π r 2 (5r ) = π r 3 …(2)
3 3
 dV 5 dr dV dr
Differentiating w.r.t. t, we get,= π 3r 2 . = 5π r 2 …(3)
dt 3 dt dt dt
⇒

dV
∴ Rate of change (decrease) of volume of water w.r.t. t, = −0.02 m3 / sec. …(4)
dt
h = 5r
dr dr 0.02
∴ From (3) and (4), we have, −0.02 = 5π r . 2
= m / sec. if h = 5 ⇒ 5 = 5r
dt dt 5π r 2
∵

⇒ r =1
⇒ =−

dr −0.02 −0.02 −0.004

When r = 1, m / sec …(5)
dt 5π (1) 2 5π
∴ = = =

0.004
π

∴ Rate of change of radius of water surface is m / sec.

dh dr
π
Also, h = 5r , Differentiating w.r.t t , we get = 5.
dt dt
dh  −0.004  −0.02
= 5.  m / sec. [∵ By using (5)]
dt
⇒ =

 0.02 
 π  π

Rate of change of water level w.r.t. t is   m / sec O 5 cm

B C
∴

*81. Let ABC be a cone having radius 5 cm and height 15 cm.

 π 

Let V be the volume of water in the vessel at any time t. r

1 D E 15 m
∴ V = π r 2h …(1)
3 h
Now, ∆ ADE and ∆ AOC are similar
AD DE h r h
⇒ h = 3r ⇒ r= A
AO OC 15 5 3
∴ = ⇒ =

Putting this value of r in (1), we get

1 h 1 h2 1
2

(i) V = π   . h = π . h = π h3 …(2)
3 3 3 9 27
dV 1 dh dV 1 2 dh
Differentiating w.r.t. t, we get, = π 3h 2 . = πh …(3)
dt 27 dt dt 9 dt
⇒

dV
Rate of change of volume of water w.r.t. t =
= 0.1 cm3 / sec. …(4)
dt
∴

1 1 2 dh dh 9
From (3) and (4), we have, = πh cm / sec. …(5)
10 9 dt dt 10π h 2
∴ ⇒ =

dh  9 9 1
When h = 6 cm, cm / sec. …(6)
dt  at h = 6 10π (6) 10π (30) 40π
2
∴  = = =

(ii) Let A be the water surface area at any time t. ∴ A = π r 2 …(7)

h 1 h
2

⇒ A = π   = π h2 ∵ r =
3 9 3 


dA 2 dh 2  1  h
Differentiating w.r.t t , we get, = π h. = πh  [∵ By using (6)] cm 2 / sec .
dt 9 dt 9  40π  180
 =

dA  6 1
When h = 6 cm, cm 2 / sec.
dt  at h =6 180 30
∴  = =

29
 ∴ S = π rl …(8) [where l = r 2 + h 2 is the slant height of water-cone.]

πh  h  h
2

∴ S =πr r +h = 2 2
  +h
2
∵ r =
3 3 3 


π h h2 π h h 2 + 9h 2 π h 10h 2 π h  10 h  π 10
+ h2 = ⇒ S= h2 …(9)
3 9 3 9 3 9 3  3 9
= = =  

dS π 10 dh


Differentiating w.r.t. t , we get, .2h.

dt 9 dt
=

2π 10 h  1  10
h cm 2 / sec [∵ By using (6)]
9  40π  180
=   =

dS  10 10
When h = 6 cm, ∴ (6) = cm 2 / sec.
dt  at h =6 180 30
 =

dV
*82. Let at any instant r be radius base of water level and h , the height = 5 m3 /min. To find
dt
dh 
=?
dt  h =10 m
r
Let θ = tan −1 ( 0.5 ) ⇒ tan θ = 0.5 ⇒ = 0.5 ⇒ r = 0.5 h
h r
1 1 0.25 3
V = π r 2 h = π ( 0.5 h ) h = πh
2

3 3 3 h θ
dV dh dh 5  dV
= 0.25 π h 2  dt = 5 m .min 
3

dt dt dt 0.25 π h 2

⇒ =

dh  5 1 7
m/min = m/min
dt  h =10 m 0.25 π ×100 5π 110
 = =

*83. Let l be the slant height of water cone at any time and V be the volume of the water at that instant,
dV 1
Given = −4 cm3 /sec ∵ V = π r 2h
dt 3
r
sin 60° = ⇒ r = l sin 60° …(i)
l
r
h
cos 60° = ⇒ h = l cos 60° …(ii)
l
1 h
∴ V = π ( l sin 60° ) ( l cos 60° ) [From (i) and (ii)] l
2

3
60 °
1 3 1 π l3
= πl2 ⋅ l ⋅ =
3 4 2 8
dV π 2 dl dV  dl dl dl 32
= 3l = ⋅ 3 ⋅ 32 ⋅ ⇒ −4= ⋅3⋅9 ⋅
dt 8 dt dt  l =3 8 dt 8 dt dt 27π
π π
∴ ⇒  ∴ =−