FAST Bal II Book Page i Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Reference Manual

FAST Bal II
Machinery Balance Software

CSI Part # 97153 PB, Rev. 3

FAST Bal II Book Page ii Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Copyright StarTrend Reference Manual

© 1999 by Computational Systems, Incorporated. This document was written, illustrated, and produced
All rights reserved. by CSI’s Engineering Publications Group on Power
Macintosh™ workstations using Adobe™ FrameMaker®,
No part of this publication may be reproduced, trans- Adobe PhotoShop®, and Macromedia® FreeHand™.
mitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or Printed copies are produced using the Xerox™
translated into any language in any form by any means DocuTech™ publishing system.
without the written permission of Computational
Systems, Incorporated (CSI). Trademarks and Servicemarks
AccuTrend; Changing the way the world performs
Disclaimer
maintenance, and CSI logo; CSIRBM‚(Mexico); Doctor
This manual is provided for informational purposes. Know; Infranalysis; InfraRoute; Levels of Awareness
COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED MAKES NO Training; M&D; MachineGuard; MachineView;
WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO THIS MasterNet; MotorView; Nspectr; O&M Workstation;
MATERIAL, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE OilView (Japan); RBMware; Reliability-Based Mainte-
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND nance, and logo; RollView; StarterTrend; STATUS
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Computational Technologies; TrendSetter; Tribology Minilab;
Systems, Incorporated shall not be liable for errors, UltrasSpec; and WAVEPAK are registered trademarks
omissions, or inconsistencies that may be contained of Computational Systems, Incorporated.
herein or for incidental or consequential damages in
CSI (China, Japan, Venezuela, Australia); CSIRBM (Vene-
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zuela); Status Condition Monitor; PeakVue; RBMview;
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RBMware (Australia, China, Japan); RBMwizard; Reli-
to change without notice and does not represent a
ability-Based Maintenance (Venezuela); SonicScan;
commitment on the part of Computational Systems,
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Incorporated. The information in this manual is not all-
Transceiver; VersaBal; VibPro; VibView; and Weld-
inclusive and cannot cover all unique situations.
watch are pending trademarks of Computational
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Should you have any comments on this documenta- Lubricant Profile and Trivector are registered service-
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following pages, please contact CSI’s Product Support RBM; RBMware (China); Reliability-Based Mainte-
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Worldwide Web: The product(s) described in this manual are covered
http://www.compsys.com under existing and pending patents.

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FAST Bal II Book Page iii Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

License Agreement Transfer

IMPORTANT: CAREFULLY READ ALL THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS You may transfer the software and license to another party only with the
AGREEMENT BEFORE OPENING THE PACKAGE OR PROCEEDING WITH INSTAL- written consent of CSI and only if the other party agrees to accept the
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CATES YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CONTAINED IN must transfer the documentation and any backup copies or transfer only
THIS AGREEMENT. the documentation and destroy any backup copies.
IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CONTAINED IN Copyright
THIS AGREEMENT, CANCEL ANY INSTALLATION, PROMPTLY RETURN THIS The software and documentation are copyrighted. All rights are reserved.
PRODUCT AND THE ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTATION TO CSI AND YOUR Termination
MONEY WILL BE REFUNDED. NO REFUNDS WILL BE GIVEN FOR PRODUCTS
If you commit a material breach of this Agreement, CSI may terminate
WITH DAMAGED OR MISSING COMPONENTS.
the Agreement by written notice.
Definition of Software
Virus Disclaimer
As used herein, software refers to any computer program contained on
CSI uses the latest virus checking technologies to test all its software.
any medium. Software includes downloadable firmware for use in
However, since no anti-virus system is 100% reliable, we strongly advise
devices such as analyzers or MotorSTATUS™ units and it includes
that you use an anti-virus system in which you have confidence to verify
computer programs executable on computers or computer networks.
the software is virus-free. CSI makes no representations or warranties to
Software License the effect that the licensed software is virus-free.
You have the non-exclusive right to use this software on only one device NO WARRANTY
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The licensed software and all derivatives are the sole property of CSI
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or any part of the documentation without prior written consent from CSI.

iii
FAST Bal II Book Page iv Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Hardware Technical Help Software Technical Help

1. Please have the number of the current version of 1. Please have the number of the current version of
your firmware ready when you call. The version your software ready when you call. The version
of the firmware in CSI’s Model 2100 series, Model number for software operating under MS-DOS®
2400, and other analyzers appears on the power- appears at the top of every menu screen. The
up screen that is displayed when the analyzer is version number for software operating under
turned on. Windows® is displayed by selecting “About” under
2. If you have a problem, explain the exact nature of the Help menu bar item.
your problem. For example, what are the error 2. If you have a problem, explain the exact nature of
messages? When do they occur? Know what you your problem. For example, what are the error
were doing when the problem occurred. For messages? (If possible, make a printout of the error
example, what mode were you in? What steps did message.) When do they occur? Know what you
you go through? Try to determine before you call were doing when the problem occurred. For
whether the problem is repeatable. example, what mode were you in? What steps did
you go through? Try to determine before you call
Hardware Repair whether the problem is repeatable.
CSI repairs and updates its hardware products free for 3. Please be at your computer when you call. We can
one year from the date of purchase. This service serve you better when we can work through the
warranty includes hardware improvement, modifica- problem together.
tion, correction, recalibration, update, and mainte-
nance for normal wear. This service warranty excludes Software Technical Support
repair of damage from misuse, abuse, neglect, care- For a period of one year from the date of shipment, CSI
lessness, or modification performed by anyone other will provide technical support through the following:
than CSI.
• Telephone assistance and communication via the
After the one year service warranty expires, each Internet.
return of a CSI hardware product is subject to a
• Mass updates that are released during that time.
minimum service fee. If the cost of repair exceeds this
minimum fee, we will call you with an estimate before • Interim updates upon request. Technical assistance
performing any work. Contact CSI’s Product Support may be extended past the first year by purchasing
Department for information concerning the current a maintenance contract. Please contact CSI
rates. Customer Services for more information.

Obsolete Hardware Returning Items

Although CSI will honor all contractual agreements 1. Call Product Support (see page 2) to obtain a return
and will make every effort to ensure that its software authorization number. Please write it clearly and
packages are “backward compatible,” to take advan- prominently on the outside of the shipping
tage of advances in newer hardware platforms and to container.
keep our programs reasonably small, CSI reserves the 2. If returning for credit, return all accessories
right to discontinue support for old or out-of-date originally shipped with the item(s). Include cables,
hardware items. software diskettes, manuals, etc.
3. Enclose a note that describes the reason(s) you are
returning the item(s).
4. Insure your package for return shipment. Shipping
costs and any losses during shipment are your
responsibility. COD packages cannot be accepted
and will be returned unopened.

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FAST Bal II Book Page v Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Contents

Chapter 1 • Read This First

How To Use This Manual · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·1-1
Analyzer Serialization· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·1-1
Firmware and Application Version · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·1-2
UltraMgr Software and Prerequisites · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·1-2
Emphasis Paragraphs · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·1-3
Available Equipment and Options · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·1-4
FAST Bal Accessories· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·1-4

Chapter 2 • Installing FAST Bal

Requirements for Installing · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·2-1
DOS Download Procedure · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·2-1
Windows® Download Procedure · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·2-4
FAST Bal Startup (2115/2117) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·2-7
FAST Bal Startup (2120)· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·2-7
Exiting/Removing FAST Bal (2115/2117) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·2-7
Exiting FAST Bal (2120)· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·2-8
Removing FAST Bal (2120) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·2-8

Chapter 3 • Basic FAST Bal Operations

Analyzer Top Panels · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·3-1
Basic Functions · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·3-4
Entering FAST Bal · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·3-4
Front Panel Descriptions (2115/2117) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·3-6
FAST Bal Utility Functions · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·3-10
Control Keys · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·3-12
Front Panel Descriptions (2120) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·3-16
Selecting Menu Items · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·3-17
Response Fields· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·3-17
Alphanumeric Keys · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·3-19
Numerical Values · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·3-20

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Chapter 4 • Using the Balance Program

General Overview · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-1
UltraMgr/FAST Bal II Overview · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-1
Menu Maps · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-4
General Outline For Balancing · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-7
Program Flow· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-8
Main Menu Display· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-8
Balance Functions · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-10
Job Definition (Standard Mode) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-11
Define Tach Options · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-19
Define Balance Sensor· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-20
Measurement Points · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-21
Job Definition (Basic Mode) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-27
Additional Notes About the Basic Balance Mode · · · · · · · · · · · 4-29
Balance Functions - Make Measurement · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-30
Acquiring Data· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-32
Runout Data· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-34
Reference Run · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-35
Trial Run 1, 2, 3, 4 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-41
Balance Functions - Correction Weights · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-45
Balance Functions - Tolerance Check/Trim · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-47
Applied Weight · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-47
Check Result · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-48
Trim Correction· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-50
Options Key · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-51
Storing, Recalling, and Deleting Jobs · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-52
Review / Edit Data · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-55
Calculator Mode · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-57
Load/Dump Data· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-65
Printing · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-67
Printing Directly to an External Printer · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-67
Printing to Virtual Printer Program · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-67
Print Report · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-71
Balance Mode Select · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-77
Default Sensor Setup · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-77
Notes Key · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-78
Using Pre-defined Notes · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-78

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Storing Notes· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·4-83

Creating Notes · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·4-84
Help Key -2120 (Keypad Key – 2115/Alt Key – 2117) · · · · · · · ·4-85

Chapter 5 • FAST Bal II Job Example – Standard Balance Mode

Overview · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·5-1
Beginning the Balancing Procedure · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·5-2
Define the Balance Job · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·5-2
Acquire Reference (as-is) Data · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·5-11
Acquire Trial Run Data · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·5-18
Calculate Needed Correction· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·5-27
Check Results (Trim Run) – Install Correction Weights · · · · · ·5-28
Calculate Trim Correction · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·5-36
Assigning Notes to the Job · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·5-37

Chapter 6 • Field Balancing Application Notes

Overview · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·6-1
Extending Machine Life · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·6-2
Be Consistent · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·6-4
Trim Balancing · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·6-5
Field Balancing - Before You Begin... · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·6-6
A Few Basics To Keep In Mind · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·6-7
Analyze The Problem· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·6-7
Prepare For The Balance Job · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·6-10
General Outline For A “First Time” Balancing Procedure · · · ·6-12
Step 1 - Define The Balance Job · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·6-13
Step 2 - Acquire As-is Data· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·6-14
Step 3 - Acquire Trial Run Data· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·6-15
Step 4 - Calculate And Install The Correction Weight · · · · · · · ·6-16
Step 5 – Record Applied Weights · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·6-16
Step 6 - Check Result · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·6-17
Steps 7 & 8 - Calculate And Install The Trim Correction· · · · · ·6-17
Step 9 - Check Your Results· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·6-17
Multiple Plane Balance Job · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·6-19
Trim Correction or One-Run Balance · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·6-22
Using Data From Previous Job· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·6-22

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General Outline For A “Trim Balance” · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 6-23

Special Topics · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 6-24
Phase· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 6-24
System Lag · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 6-25
Vibration Transducer Phase · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 6-27
Location of the Imbalance· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 6-29
Placement of Trial Weight· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 6-30
Amount of Imbalance · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 6-31
Amplification Factor · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 6-32
How Much Trial Weight? · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 6-33
Vectors · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 6-34
Potential Problems During Balancing · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 6-37

Appendix A • Accessories and Product Options

General · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·A-1
Accessories · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·A-1
Cables and Adapters · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·A-1
Other Accessories · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·A-2
Customer Support · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·A-3
Reliability Services· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·A-4

Appendix B • CSI Balancing Compass™

Suggested Applications · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · B-1
Technical Specifications · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · B-5

Appendix C • Clamp-on Reusable Trial Weights

Installation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·C-1
Torquing· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·C-3
Testing · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·C-3

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Appendix D • Approximate Hardware Weights

Glossary

Index

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FAST Bal II Book Page 1 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Chapter 1

Read This First

Chapter 1 4

How To Use This Manual

This manual is arranged in the following manner:
• The following sections of Chapter 1 provide information that should
be read before attempting to use FAST Bal I or before proceeding to
read the remaining chapters.
• Chapter 2 – provides information on how to install FAST Bal I into
the Model 2115/2117/2120 analyzer.
• Chapter 3 – describes the function and use of all keys on the Model
2115/2117/2120 when the FAST Bal I program has been entered.
• Chapter 4 – explains how to use FAST Bal I, including an overview
of UltraMgr/FAST Bal I, a general balancing outline, and the use of
Options and other special function keys.
• Chapter 5 – uses step-by-step procedures to explain how to perform
a typical balance job.
• Chapter 6 – contains field balancing application notes.
• Appendix A – lists accessories and product options.
• Appendix B – describes the CSI Balancing Compass™.
• Appendix C – describes CSI’s clamp-on reusable trial weights.
• Appendix D – contains tables listing calculated weights of both
coarse thread (UNC) and fine thread (UNF) bolts.

Analyzer Serialization
The loaded firmware has been serialized and is matched to the analyzer
serial number. If the firmware and analyzer serial numbers do not match,
contact CSI Customer Support.

1-1
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Firmware and Application Version

This manual covers FAST Bal program (application) v6.4x and earlier
(Model 2115/2117), and v7.4x and earlier (Model 2120).

Note
In this manual, “Model 2115” and “2115” refer to both the
Model 2115 and the Model 2115-1 Analyzers, except were
information specific to just one analyzer is pointed out.

UltraMgr Software and Prerequisites

In order to use the FAST Bal program with UltraMgr software, the software
must be:
• Version 1.20 - 3.xx, if the analyzer version is v6.1x and earlier (2115/
2117) or v7.4x and earlier (2120 in MasterTrend Compatible mode).
• Version 4.00 and later, if the analyzer version is v6.40 and later
(2115/2117) or v7.4x (2120 in RBMware compatible mode).
UltraMgr requires some planning and setup before jobs can be down-
loaded into the FAST Bal program. Refer to the appropriate UltaMgr user’s
manual for more information on communicating with the PC.

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Emphasis Paragraphs
These types of paragraphs are used throughout this manual to call attention
to the adjacent text:

Note
The note paragraph indicates special comments or instruc-
tions.

Caution!
The caution paragraph alerts you to actions that may have a major
impact on the analyzer, stored data, etc.

Warning!
The warning paragraph alerts you to actions that may
have extremely serious consequences for equipment
and/or personnel.

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Available Equipment and Options

The FAST Bal I program is designed to be downloaded into CSI’s Model
2115/2117/2120 Analyzer (see Chapter 2 for complete instructions on how
to install the program).
CSI has also developed a PC software program to be used in conjunction
with the FAST Bal I program. This software, UltraMgr, enables you to store
jobs easily. Jobs can also be downloaded back into the FAST Bal I program
so that you can quickly review all data and notes before starting a new bal-
ance job. With UltraMgr, an old balance job performed on the same
machine can be loaded into FAST Bal I and used as a template for the new
job to be performed.

FAST Bal Accessories

Part No. Description

720A Analyzer printer interface (DB25 (M) to DB25 (F))
8BA1 Balancing Compass™
8BA25 Balance Scale and Weights
661-I5 BNC to BNC Cables (Red, Blue, Gray, Black, or Yellow)
642 4-Channel Accel MUX
639 Communications cable
407 Magnetic Pick-up

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Chapter 2

Installing FAST Bal

Chapter 2 8

Requirements for Installing

The FAST Bal program is loaded into the Model 2115/2117/2120 using a
host computer with a standard RS232 communications port and a CSI
communications cable. Installation does not require extensive computer
training or skills, but a working knowledge of MD-DOS operating systems
or Microsoft Windows® software and the CSI analyzer is recommended.
Prior to installation, read this chapter carefully in order to become familiar
with the various steps. You should also verify that the following items are
present prior to starting.
• Model 2115 with firmware version 6.02 or higher,
• Model 2115-1 with firmware version 6.10 or higher,
• Model 2117 with firmware version 6.12 or higher or,
• Model 2120
• 64K of available RAM for the Analyzer (at least three available
downloadable slots, and at least 20% of memory available)
• CSI communications cable (Model 639)
• FAST Bal Installation diskette.
Use the following detailed procedures to download the FAST Bal program
into the Analyzer from either a DOS- or Windows-based computer.

DOS Download Procedure

To install FAST Bal, perform the following nine steps in order:
1. Connect the male end of the Model 639 cable to the serial port on
the analyzer and the female end to the COM port on the computer.
If the host computer uses a 25-pin COM port, you must use an
optional 9-to-25 pin adapter between the computer and the Model
639 communications cable.

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Caution!
Do not connect the 9-to-25 pin adapter cable directly into the Model
2115/2117/2120.
2. Turn the analyzer on.
3. Insert the FAST Bal Installation diskette into drive A: (or B:) of the
computer and type:
A: (or B:) and press the Enter key.
4. Then type:
Download and press the Enter key.
1

5. On the analyzer keypad, press the Utility key (the Utility menu will
be displayed). Select:
(1) Communications
6. From the Communications menu (on the Analyzer), use the Up or
Down arrow keys to select:
(4) Configure Port and then press the Enter key.

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Verify that the baud rate and stop bits match those on the computer down-
load program by pressing the F6 key on the host computer keyboard. Com-
pare the setup from the two displays; if they do not match, change the
configuration options as needed. Change the port number setting to match
the COM port the communication’s cable was connected to in Step 1.
Change the Analyzer Type setting to the appropriate analyzer, if necessary.
(Pressing the analyzer’s Enter key returns you to the Communications
menu. Pressing F1 on the computer returns it to the communications
screen).
2

The date and time setting on the Analyzer and the host computer must be
within three hours of each other or an error message will be displayed.
Refer to the appropriate machinery analyzer user’s manual for details on
how to change the date/time on the analyzer.
7. Return to the Communications menu of the Analyzer. Use the Up/
Down arrow keys to select (6) Load Downld Prog, then press
Enter. The Select Program for Load menu will be displayed.
8. Select Balance-Main (FAST Bal I or FAST Bal II on 2120) and
press Enter. The message “Downloadable Program Load in
Progress” will be displayed during the loading process. After
loading is complete, the Communications menu will be displayed.

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Caution!
Do not interrupt the downloading process. Also, if you do not have
enough memory or downloadable slots, FAST Bal will not load suc-
cessfully.

9. Exit the Download program by pressing the F10 key. Then, remove
the installation disk from drive A: (or B:) and store it in a secure,
protected place.

Windows® Download Procedure

1. Connect the analyzer to the COM1, COM2, COM3, or COM4
port of the computer using the supplied communications cable.
2. On the computer, place the floppy disk containing the firmware into
drive A (or B).
3. From Windows, select the Start button and then choose Run. Type
“A:\LOADFW.EXE” (or “B:\...” if B is the drive). Then, select the
Ok button. Depending on whether this application has previously
run, either the Main Menu or Configuration screen will be
displayed. Note: The screens may be configured differently than
what is shown.

Figure 3. Windows Downloader Configuration Screen

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Figure 4. Windows Downloader Main Menu

4. If the Main Menu is displayed, select the Config button to display

the Configuration screen. Otherwise, the Configuration screen is
already displayed.
5. On the Analyzer keypad, press the Utility key. The Utility menu will
be displayed. Select:
(1) Communications
6. From the Communications menu (on the Analyzer), use the Up or
Down arrow keys to select:
(4) Configure Port
7. Press the Enter key.
Verify that the baud rate and stop bits match those on the computer down-
load program. Compare the setup from the two displays. If they do not
match, change the configuration options as needed. Change the COM port
setting to match the COM port the communications cable was connected
to in Step 1. If necessary, change the Analyzer Type setting to the appro-
priate analyzer. (Pressing the analyzer’s Enter key returns you to the Com-
munications menu. Clicking the OK button on the computer returns it to
the communications screen.)

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The date and time setting on the analyzer and the host computer must be
within three hours of each other or an error message will be displayed.
Refer to the machinery analyzer user’s manual for details on how to check
and change the date and time on the analyzer.
8. Return to the Communications menu of the analyzer. Use the Up/
Down arrow keys to select (6) Load Downld Prog, then press
Enter. The Select Program for Load menu will be displayed.
9. Select Balance-Main (FAST Bal I or FAST Bal II on 2120) and
press Enter. The message “Downloadable Program Load in
Progress” will be displayed during the loading process. After
loading is complete, the Communications menu will be displayed.
Caution!
Do not interrupt the downloading process. Also, if you do not have
enough memory or downloadable slots, FAST Bal will not load suc-
cessfully.

10. Exit the download program by clicking the Exit button. Then,
remove the installation disk from drive A: (or B:) and store it in a
secure, protected place.

Catalog
Displays information (i.e., program name, version number, task file and
name, and serial number) about the Analyzer disk placed in the drive.

Figure 5. Windows Catalog information

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FAST Bal Startup (2115/2117)

After a downloadable program has been installed, you must enter (access)
it before it can be used. The following steps explain how to get to a program
from the current Model 2115/2117 vibration route.
1. Press the Utility key and select (6) Special Functns. After pressing
Enter, the Special Functions menu will be displayed.
2. Select (2) Enter Dwnld Prog and press Enter. A menu listing all
downloadable programs loaded into the 2115/2117 will be
displayed.
3. Select Balance Main and press Enter. The Balance Functions Main
menu will be displayed.

FAST Bal Startup (2120)

After a downloadable program has been installed, you must enter (access)
it before it can be used. Use the Program Select key to display a list of avail-
able programs. Highlight FAST Bal and press Enter.

Exiting/Removing FAST Bal (2115/2117)

To exit from the FAST Bal program, press Utility and select (6) Special
Functns. Press Enter and select (3) Exit Dwnld Prog. After pressing Enter,
the Model 2115/2117 will be returned to a route.
To remove the FAST Bal program completely, you must remove all down-
loadable programs that are in the Model 2115/2117. Press Utility and select
(6) Special Functns. Press Enter and select (4) Remov Dwnld Prog. A
warning screen will then be displayed stating that all downloadable pro-
grams in memory will be removed if this function is completed. If you
select “No” and press Enter, a screen stating “Operation Aborted” will be
displayed for a few seconds (the screen will then return to the Special Func-
tions menu). If you select “Yes” and press Enter, a screen will be displayed
stating “Operation Complete” (meaning the programs have been
removed). After a few seconds, the Special Functions menu will then be dis-
played.

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Exiting FAST Bal (2120)

Use the Program Select key to display the program list. To exit FAST Bal,
choose any other program.

Removing FAST Bal (2120)

To remove FAST Bal, complete these steps:
1. Exit the FAST Bal (or other) program.
2. Press the Utility Key and select Memory Card Functions.
3. Select Card for Programs.
4. Select the card that has the FAST Bal program on it.
5. Select Delete Program File.

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Chapter 3

Basic FAST Bal Operations

Chapter 3 20

Analyzer Top Panels

Model 2115 Top Panel
When viewing the 2115 analyzer from the top, the features in the following
figure are visible. Descriptions follow.

RS232 Port Charger Input/ Tach

Power Output Signal
Input

Model 2115-1
When viewing the 2115-1 analyzer from the top, the features in the fol-
lowing figure are visible. Descriptions follow.

card eject latch

slot button cover

charger
input
RPM/Phase power multifunction
Input output connector

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FAST Bal II Book Page 2 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Model 2117 Top Panel

When viewing the 2117 analyzer from the top, the features in the following
figure are visible. Descriptions follow.
6

RS232 Port Power Output Auxillary Tach Charger

Connector Signal Input
Input

Model 2120 Top Panel

When viewing the 2120 analyzer from the top, the features in the following
figure are visible. Descriptions follow.

Charger
Input

Tachometer Mulitfunction Input

Input Connector
Auxiliary
Connector

Warning!
Do not attempt to use the 9-pin Auxiliary Connector on
the Model 2120 for communications.

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RS232 Port (2120 - Multifunction Input Connector)

• Provides entry for data communications between the Analyzer and
the host computer, via the Model 639 communications cable.
• Provides for connection to an external modem via the Model 705
Modem Kit. Provides for connection to an external printer via the
Model 720A Printer Interface, or to any printer supported by
MicroSoft Windows operating system via CSI’s Virprint program.
• Provides connection to the Model 800001 Direct Connect Interface.
• Provides for connection to the 8000-I Interface (infrared interface
box for laser system).
• Provides for connection to a variety of signal input devices.

Charger Input
• In the Model 2115 analyzer, it provides input for the Model
A2115-C battery charger.
• In the Model 2115-1/2117/2120 analyzer, it provides input for the
Model 93140 battery charger.

Power Output
Provides power for the Model 404 series phototach and the Model
8000-I interface.

Tach (Tachometer) Signal Input

Used for reference signal (tachometer pulse) input, typically a Model
404 series or 401B tachometer.

Auxiliary Connector (2117 and 2120 only)

Not used with the FAST Bal I program.

Analyzer Top Panels 3-3

FAST Bal II Book Page 4 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Basic Functions

Entering FAST Bal

When the Analyzer is turned on, the analyzer power up screen will be dis-
played for a few seconds. If the FAST Bal program has been entered, the
FAST Bal Balance Functions Main menu will be displayed. If the FAST Bal
program has not been entered, the current route or another downloadable
program will be displayed.

Balance Functions Main Menu

2115/2117
If the Balance Program is not active, press the Utility key and select Special
Functions.

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If another downloadable program is active, select Exit Dwnld Prog. After

exiting the downloadable program (or if in Route Mode), select Enter
Dwnld Prog.

To access the Balance Program, select Balance - Main.

2120
If the Balance Program is not active, use the Program Select key to select
the desired program.

Basic Functions 3-5

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Front Panel Descriptions (2115/2117)

The following are brief descriptions of keys and functions of the Model
2115/2117 front panel that are related to FAST Bal. These functions are dis-
cussed in greater detail in later sections of the manual. Note: The buttons
for the 2120 that are the same as those on the 2115/2117 are also listed
here. The buttons that are different are discussed after this section.

ON
Model 2115 OFF On/Off
Machinery Analyzer

Off
Function Keys Utility Keypad
Route
Analyze Notes

Enter Reset Control Keys

LED
ABC DEF GHI
Print Clr
7 8 9
JKL MNO PQR / #&
Ins
Keypad 4 5 6 Exp

STU VWX YZ* -+

Dele
1 2 3 Dec

Page
Space •
0 Mark

Computational Systems

Figure 8. Model 2115 Front Panel

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ON
Model 2115 OFF On/Off
Machinery Analyzer

Off
Function Keys Utility Keypad
Route
Analyze Notes

Enter Reset Control Keys

LED Start/Stop Charging

ABC DEF GHI

Print Clr
7 8 9
JKL MNO PQR / #&
Ins
Keypad 4 5 6 Exp

STU VWX YZ* -+

Dele
1 2 3 Dec

Page
Space .,
0 Mark

Computational Systems

Figure 9. Model 2115-1 Front Panel

Basic Functions 3-7

FAST Bal II Book Page 8 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

On/Off
Command
Keys

Control
Keys
Activity
LED Charging
LED

Reset/Main
Key
Keypad
.,:\

Model 2117
Machinery Analyzer

Figure 10. Model 2117 Front Panel

3-8 Basic FAST Bal Operations

FAST Bal II Book Page 9 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

On/Off
Press the On/Off key once to turn on the analyzer, press it again to turn it
off.
ON ON ON
OFF OFF OFF

2115
2115 2115-1
2115-1 2117
2117 2120

Activity LED (Start/Stop LED)

This LED, located on the left side of the front panel, flashes to provide
visual confirmation of keyboard entries and certain software operations (i.e.
starts and stops of data acquisitions).

Start/Stop !
2115
2115 2115-1
2115-1 2117
2117 2120

Charging LED
This LED is located on the right side of the front panel. It is illuminated
when the battery charger is connected to the analyzer and the battery pack
is being charged. (N/A = Not Applicable.)

N/A Charging
N/A
2115
2115 2115-1
2115-1 2117
2117 2120

Basic Functions 3-9

FAST Bal II Book Page 10 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

FAST Bal Utility Functions

In addition to loading, entering, exiting, and removing FAST Bal, the
Utility key is used to make other necessary selections. The selections are:
• Date and Time
• Operational Parameters
• Data Units
Refer to the appropriate manchinery analyzer user’s manual for more
details on these selections.

Utility Utility Utility

Í21
2115
15 2115-1
2115-1 2117
2117 2120

Date and Time

Press Utility and select (3) Change Setup, then press Enter. Select (1) Date
and Time and press Enter. Use the Up and Down arrow keys and the alpha-
numeric keypad to set the date and time. After new values have been set,
press Enter to accept.

Operational Parameters
Press Utility and select (3) Change Setup, then press Enter. Select (2) Oper-
ationl Prms and press Enter. The Operational Parameters menu will be dis-
played.
The first selection, Key Beeper, allows you to select an audible “beep” (the
“beep” will occur each time a key is pressed). Use any numbered key to
toggle to On or Off.

Data Units
From the Setup Parameters menu, select (4) Data Units and press Enter.
The Define Data Units menu will be displayed. The only selections on this
menu relative to FAST Bal are Data Type (RMS, Peak, Pk-Pk) and Units
Mode (English or Metric). Use any numbered key to toggle between avail-
able choices.

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Keypad (Help Key) / Alt

The Keypad /Alt key brings up help messages for almost all screen displays.
It will also bring up the Notepad Data Entry screen when the list of User
Defined notes is on the screen. (N/A = Not Applicable.)

√
Keypad Keypad Alt N/A

2115
2115 2115-1
2115-1 2117
2117 2120

Off Route
This key is not used in the FAST Bal program. (N/A = Not Applicable.)

Off
Off
Route Route N/A

2115
2115 2115-1
2115-1 2117
2117 2120

Analyze
This key is not used in the FAST Bal program.

Analyze Analyze Analyze

2115
2115 2115-1
2115-1 2117
2117 2120

Notes
The Notes key will bring up the Balance Notepad menu which accesses all
pre-defined and user-defined notes.

Notes Notes Notes

2115
2115 2115-1
2115-1 2117
2117 2120

Basic Functions 3-11

FAST Bal II Book Page 12 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Control Keys

Enter
• Accepts menu selections and screen inputs.
• Returns to the Main menu after completion of any of the Main menu
selections
• Attaches/removes notes on an balance job.

Enter Enter Enter

2115
2115 2115-1
2115-1 2117
2117 2120

Up/Down Arrows
• Moves the cursor through menu selections.
• Changed scaling on tolerance check plot (FAST Bal II).

2115
2115 2115-1
2115-1 2117
2117 2120

Reset
• Returns you to the Balance Function Main menu from any location
in the FAST Bal program.
• Sometimes referred to as Main.

Reset Reset Reset

2115
2115 2115-1
2115-1 2117
2117 2120

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Left/Right Arrows
• Moves one space per press to the right or left in alphanumeric fields.
• Changes rotation direction on graphic plots (FAST Bal II).

2115
2115 2115-1
2115-1 2117
2117 2120

Print
Used to print the current screen display of the analyzer if the analyzer is
connected to a printer.

Print Print
Print

2115
2115 2115-1
2115-1 2117
2117 2120

Ins (2120 – Insert)

• Inserts alphanumeric characters.
• Allows you to enter user-defined note while User Defined Notes is
selected (2120).

Ins Ins
Insert

2115
2115 2115-1
2115-1 2117
2117 2120

Dele (Delete)
• Backs up one screen at a time when one of the Main menu selections
has been entered. (2120 – Page Down.)
• Deletes alphanumeric characters. (2120 – Delete.)

Dele Dele
Delete

2115
2115 2115-1
2115-1 2117
2117 2120

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FAST Bal II Book Page 14 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Page (2120 – Page Up)

Allows you to scroll through a list of notes six notes at a time. Items having
multiple pages will alert you when the page key can be used.

Page Page Page

Up

2115
2115 2115-1
2115-1 2117
2117 2120

Clr/Clear
• Clears any alphanumeric field.
• When acquiring phase/amplitude data, zeros and restarts data aver-
aging.

Clr Clr
Clear

2115
2115 2115-1
2115-1 2117
2117 2120

Exp (Expand) (2120 – Dec)

Used to insert a “/”, “#”, or “&” into alphanumeric text.
/#& *#&@
Exp Exp
Dec

2115
2115 2115-1
2115-1 2117
2117 2120

Dec (Decrease)
Used to insert “–” or “+” into alphanumeric text. (NA = Not Applicable.)

– +
Dec Dec N/A

2115
2115 2115-1
2115-1 2117
2117 2120

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Space
Inserts a space into alphanumeric text.

Space Space (_)

0
Space
0 0 0
2115
2115 2115-1
2115-1 2117
2117 2120

Mark (2120 – Exp)

Used to insert “.”, “,”, “:”, or “\” into alphanumeric text.
. . , . , : \
Mark ,;\%
Mark Exp

2115
2115 2115-1
2115-1 2117
2117 2120

Basic Functions 3-15

FAST Bal II Book Page 16 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Front Panel Descriptions (2120)

The front panel of the Model 2120 is shown below. Discussions of the dif-
ferences between it and the 2115/2117 front panel follow.

On/Off
key
LED
Command keys

Function
keys
Control
keys

Keypad

The following 2120 keys have different names and/or functionality (from
the 2115/2117):

Program Select
Program
Select Displays a screen which allows you to select a program (same as selecting
Utility Functions/Special Functions/Downloadable Programs on the 2115/
2117).

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Help
Help The Help key brings up help messages for screen displays (same as
Keypad key functions on the 2115/2117).

Page Down
Page • Allows you to scroll through a list of notes six notes at a time. Items
Down
having multiple pages will alert you when the page key can be used.
• Backs up one screen at a time when one of the Main Menu selections
has been entered.

Insert
Insert • When displaying a list of User Defined Notes using the Notes key,
pressing Insert will allow you to type in a new User Defined note.
• Inserts alphanumeric characters.

Mark
Mark Not used in the Balance program.

Selecting Menu Items

For menus that do not contain entry fields, two methods can be used to
select the desired function:
• The first method is to use the analyzer’s up/down arrow keys to
highlight the desired function, then press the Enter key.
• The second method allows you to quickly select a menu item by
pressing the numerical key corresponding to the menu item number.
The menu item will be automatically selected and the analyzer will
then advance to the next screen.

Response Fields
Many functions of the Analyzer require that you enter data; response fields
are provided for this purpose.

Basic Functions 3-17

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Some response fields provide a predefined set of selections. Pressing any

key on the keypad will step through these selections as shown in the fol-
lowing example.

76.8K
38.4K
19.2K
9600
4800
2400
1200
300

Other response fields offer only two selections, for example “One” or
“Two” in the following illustration, and pressing any key on the keypad will
alternate between these two selections.

ONE
TWO

Another type of response field requires numerical value or alphabetical

character entry and is discussed in the following section.

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Alphanumeric Keys
Alphanumeric keys are used to enter alphanumeric characters into
response fields that do not have predefined selections. Each key is assigned
up to four characters, and is designed to allow single-finger keyboard
entries.
To enter a character, repeatedly press a key to step through its assigned
characters, for example D E F 8, until the desired character is displayed.
The cursor will automatically advance to the next space after a one-second
pause or after another key has been pressed. The left arrow key may be
used to backspace the cursor to correct errors.
A blank space in the field may be entered in one of three ways:
• Press the right arrow key after the cursor has advanced one space.
• Press the right arrow key immediately after entering the last
character before the space. The cursor will then advance two spaces.
• Press the Space key to advance the cursor one space and/or delete
an existing character.
For example, to enter the phrase “PUMP 6” press:

P S T U M P
PQR STU STU STU MNO PQR
6 1 1 1 , 5 , 6 ,
,
P Q R 6
Space PQR PQR PQR PQR
0 , 6 6 6 6

Note
The Delete key will delete an individual character as well as the
space it occupies. The Clr (Clear) key will clear the entire field.

Basic Functions 3-19

FAST Bal II Book Page 20 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Numerical Values
For fields that require numerical entry only, the alphabetic characters of the
keys are disabled. Only one key press is required to enter a number. The “-
” key can be used to enter a negative number and can be entered before or
after the number(s).

3-20 Basic FAST Bal Operations

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Chapter 4

Using the Balance Program

General Overview
This section contains overviews of the UltraMgr and FAST Bal II pro-
grams, menu maps, outline of a balancing job, and an explanation of the
Main menu.

UltraMgr/FAST Bal II Overview

The figure below shows how jobs can be moved in and out of various areas
of UltraMgr’s database and the analyzer. Definitions of the job types follow.

UltraMgr (PC) - (Master) FAST Bal II Analyzer - (Slave)

Store Recall
UltraMgr Database
Assigned Job(s) Area
Stored Job(s) Current Job
Area Area
Station:
Load
Machine:

Station: 001 Motor 001 Motor

Machine:
Dump 002 Pump * One job
at a time

Load
* Jobs must
be stored
Dump before they
Unassigned Job(s) Area can be sent
to the UltraMgr
database
003 Fan
004 Turbine

UltraMgr/FAST Bal II Overview

4-1
FAST Bal II Book Page 2 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Note
This manual and the UltraSpec analyzer use the terms “Sta-
tion” and “Machine.” In RBMware compatible UltraMgr
v4.00 and later “Station” may be referred to as “Area” and
“Machine” may be referred to as “Equipment” unless rede-
fined by the user.

Definitions of the job types shown in the figure are:

• Assigned jobs – jobs that have been assigned to machines and/or
stations.
• Unassigned jobs – jobs that have been moved from the Stored Jobs
area of the analyzer into the UltraMgr database but have not been
assigned to machines and/or stations. Using UltraMgr, you can also
change a job from Assigned to Unassigned status and move it into the
Unassigned Jobs area.
• Stored jobs – located in the Stored Jobs area of the analyzer. Current
jobs that are saved become stored jobs and are placed in the Stored
Jobs area; also, all jobs that are loaded from the UltraMgr database
are placed in this area and become stored jobs.
• Current job – job currently displayed in the working area (only one
job can be displayed at a time).
The following cases may help you to understand how jobs are moved
around in the analyzer and back and forth to UltraMgr. When beginning a
job (in the Current Job location), there are normally two choices. Either
start from ground zero and create, configure, and name an entirely new job
or, (if available) recall a job from the Stored Job(s) area.
Case 1 – If you create and configure an entirely new job in the analyzer’s
Current Job area and you want to keep it, you must copy it into the Stored
Job area by using the Store Job command in the Option menu. From there
(using the UltraMgr database program on a PC), you can dump it into a sec-
tion of UltraMgr known as the Unassigned Area.

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Continuing with the UltraMgr program, you can then assign the job to a
machine and station, thereby fully integrating the job information into the
UltraMgr database. If for some reason you do not want to assign the job to
a machine and station, you can leave it in the Unassigned Area.
In either case, you can then use UltraMgr to load the job back into the ana-
lyzer and from that point, you can recall it into the Current Job area where
you have full editing capabilities.
Case 2 – You begin with a recalled job from the Stored Job area. An impor-
tant concept to remember is that a job recalled into the Current Job area is
essentially a copy of the original job which remains in the Stored Job area.
This allows you to modify, re-number, and save the copy, thereby creating
an entirely new job (without affecting the original job).
However, if you want to change the original job (instead of creating a new
one), make the desired changes and, when prompted about saving the orig-
inal job, answer No. This allows you to overwrite the data in the original
job with your new data.
Case 3 – This case is referred to as job “cloning” and provides optimum
use of the entire system, including UltraMgr. An old job performed on the
same machine can be loaded into FAST Bal II and used as a template for
the job to be performed. The old job contains information on the job setup,
influence coefficients from previous balancing of the machine, and con-
cerns or observations (notes). You should review this information before
clearing out the readings and notes. If desired, edit the job setup and then
begin taking your first set of new readings.
In summary, some of the advantages in using this method are:
• You save time by using a previous job setup.
• Problems and concerns documented on previous jobs can be viewed.
• Jobs that are loaded from the Assigned area of UltraMgr already
have station and machine assignments; this ensures that your new
job data will be dumped to the proper location.
• You may be able to trim balance the machine eliminating the need
for new trial runs.
Although the UltraMgr User’s manual provides additional information,
some other concepts will be briefly discussed.

General Overview 4-3

FAST Bal II Book Page 4 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Referring back to “UltraMgr/FAST Bal II Overview” on page 4-1, the

UltraMgr PC is shown as the master and the Analyzer is shown as a slave.
This means that actual transactions between the UltraMgr PC and the ana-
lyzer are controlled by UltraMgr. Although you must make some analyzer
selections to prepare for a job transfer, the analyzer plays a passive role
from that point on. The actual transfer is set up and controlled from an
UltraMgr screen.
Also, when you are using UltraMgr to assign jobs to individual machines
which reside in the database, you need to consider what actions to take after
jobs have been created or changed (in the analyzer). Although you do not
need to take any action on the analyzer, you should understand that some
changes will require that jobs be reassigned. As mentioned previously,
actual assignments are made from UltraMgr.

Menu Maps
The following pages show menu maps that identify the major selections
available in FAST Bal II.

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Select Application

Balance Functions
1 2 3 4 5

Job Definition Make Measurement Correction Weights Tolerance Options

Check/Trim 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Print
Reference Run Trial Run 1 Trial Run 2 Runout Data * Report

* Only when
Select Measurement Trial Run 1 Weights Trial Run 2 Weights using runout
Point subtractions
Balance
Mode
Select Measurement Select Measurement
Point Point

Applied Weight Check Result Trim Correction Default

Sensor
Setup
Residual Select Measurement
Unbalance Point

Job Definition Clear Job

Store Job
No Yes

Recall Job
Clear Readings Clear Trim Run
and Notes Clear Complete Job Readings Only

Delete Job(s)
Define Balance Job

Review/Edit
Define Tach Options Individual Job All Jobs Data

Define Balance Sensor Trim Run Trial Run Trial Run Reference Influence Tolerance
Data Number 2 Number 1 Run Co-efficeint Check Calculator
Mode

Measurement Points
Amplification Trial Wt Static/Couple Adjust Fixed Sum Weights Load/Dump
Estimate Split Angle
Factor Analysis Weights Job

Define Weight Plane*

Set Modem Communications Host PC

Modem Connect Setup Load/Dump
* For discrete planes only Command

FAST Bal II Menu Map (page 1)

General Overview 4-5

FAST Bal II Book Page 6 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Note: Selections marked (N/A) are not (cont. from previous page)
used with the FAST Bal program.

Utility Keypad Off Route (N/A) Print Notes

Analyze (N/A)
(Help) 2115
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2115/2117
2115 /
2117
Help Print
Clear Screen
Select
Route Memory 2120
(N/A) (Do Not Program
Use!) Select
2115 / 2120
2117

(2120)
Master Data Collector Program
Reset Off Route Program
(2120) FAST Bal Balance Notepad User Defined *
(Pre-defined notes) (to add new notes)

Reason for Initial Vib/Phase

Balance Condition Characteristics
Memory Card
2120
Procedure User Defined All Notes
Related

Select card Initialize Delete Copy Route Check Card

for data card ProgramFile File (N/A) Battery
(N/A)

Select card Delete Erase All Clear All

for program Route Remote Monitor Data
(N/A) Data (N/A) (N/A)

Special Functns

Generate Exit Set Cali- Discharge

Report (N/A) Dwnld Prog bration (N/A) Battery
2115/2117 2120

Enter Remove Meter

Dwnld Prog Dwnld Prog Test (N/A)
2115/2117 2115/2117

Check Battery

Change Setup

Date and Time Operational Sensor Type Data Units Display Measurement
Prms (N/A) Control Mode (N/A)

Communications

Load Route Dump Data Remote Configure Set Modem Load Downld
(N/A) (N/A) Connect (N/A) Port Cmds (N/A) Prog

FAST Bal II Menu Map (page 2)

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General Outline For Balancing

Assuming the proper analysis and preliminary steps have been taken, the
basic steps for any balance job are:
1 ···· Define Balance job:
a. Describe the job - job number, machine ID, etc.
b. Identify weight planes
c. Identify measurement planes
d. Identify measurement points
e. Provide number of and approximate balance speeds
f. Provide vibration sensor information
2 ···· Reference Run: Acquire data from the “as-is” condition for each
measurement point and speed.
3 ···· Trial Run:
a. Add a trial weight to the rotor in one weight plane
b. Acquire data for all measurement points and speeds
c. Repeat for each weight plane
4 ···· Calculate Correction Weights.
5 ···· Add Correction: Choose to leave or remove any trial weights and
add the appropriate correction weight.
6 ···· Check Result: After installing the correction weight, acquire data
for the corrected condition.
7 ···· Calculate Trim Correction.
8 ···· Apply Trim Weight: Do not remove the correction weight.
9 ···· Repeat trim runs as needed.
A more detailed discussion of balancing techniques may be found in
Chapter 6, Application Notes On Field Balancing.

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Program Flow
FAST Bal II leads you through each step of a routine balance procedure
starting with the job definition selection at the Main menu. As each step is
completed, an [X] appears beside the selection and the next logical step is
highlighted.

Main Menu Display

The Main menu display is described as follows.

Main Menu

Definitions of the selections are:

1·····Job Definition – A complete definition of the job including job
number, machine ID and description, station, balance options, tach
options, weight planes, sensor options, and measurement point
descriptions.
2·····Make Measurement – Allows you to choose reference or trial
runs, enter the size and location of trial weights, and acquire data.
3·····Correction Weights – Performs calculations for size and
placement of correction weight after reference and trial runs are
completed.

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FAST Bal II Book Page 9 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

4 ···· Tolerance Check / Trim – This selection allows you to perform a

trim balance after the original balance job is completed or balance
a machine using existing balance coefficients. Options include:
a. Input actual weight and location of applied correction weights.
b. Acquire data after the correction weights have been installed
and compare to tolerance specifications.
c. Calculate trim weight placement.
5 ···· Options – Not part of the basic balance procedure (as denoted by
the absence of a check-off box). This selection is used to access a
number of auxiliary functions (job storage/recall, data review,
special calculations, connecting to UltraMgr, printing balance
reports, balance mode select, and default sensor setup).

General Outline For Balancing 4-9

FAST Bal II Book Page 10 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Balance Functions
From the Main menu, selecting Options displays the following screen.

Selecting Balance Mode Select brings up the following screen.

Highlighting Balance Mode and pressing any key allows you to toggle
between either of two balance modes:
• Standard – recommended mode of operation which allows full
utilization of all features offered by FAST Bal II (as discussed in the
main body of this manual).
• Basic – offers a simplified setup with reduced flexibility and features.

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When Basic is displayed, you are also asked to specify this information:
• Reference Loc – this is the preferred location on graphic plots for
the 0° reference point. Use any key to toggle between Top, Bottom,
Left, or Right. The location will be identified with a “T” on FAST Bal
II graphic plots (signifying the Tach reference position). This setting
is for your convenience only and will not affect the calculated
solutions.

Note
A job defined as Basic can be upgraded later to Standard by
changing this setting. However, you must then go through the
normal Job Definition screens before proceeding. A job de-
fined as Standard cannot be changed to Basic without having
to define a new job.

Select the desired balance mode before defining a new balance job. If you
want to perform a Basic balance job, refer to “Job Definition (Basic Mode)”
on page 4-27. An explanation of a Standard Job Definition follows.

Job Definition (Standard Mode)

Several menu screens are used to describe and define the current balance
job. Many of the requested inputs are not required for a basic calculation.
However, these fields are used in reports, graphic plots, and for re-creations
of the job setup.
Initially, FAST Bal II may seem to require an unusual amount of setup
information. In reality, the time required for input is minimal, especially if
you standardize balance procedures by making use of default setups, or use
UltraMgr to load previous Job Definitions of the same (or similar)
machines. In addition, storing the setup information and balance data can
significantly reduce the time required for repeat balance jobs by allowing
you to perform one-run trim balances.

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Move between the input fields on each screen using the Up Arrow and
Down Arrow keys. After entering the requested information for a screen,
press Enter to accept those entries and move to the next screen. To return
to a previous input screen, press the Back key. As an alternative, press Main
to return to the Main menu, select Job Definition, then press Enter until the
desired screen has returned.
Job Definition Menu Screens are:
• Job Definition
• Balance Job
• Tach Options
• Balance Sensor
• Measurement Points
• Weight Planes

Note
Default setups are available and provide automatic configura-
tion according to the number of measurement planes and mea-
surement points selected. See “Default Settings” on page 4-23
for more information.

Many of the input menus used during job definition have accompanying
graphics. These graphics will reflect the changes made to the input fields
after the entry is made and the highlight bar moved to another field. These
graphics are extremely useful when compared to the machine for verifying
the accuracy of the supplied information.

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Caution!
Certain information supplied to the program by you in this section is
critical to the correct operation of the program. Modification of these
entries once data acquisition has begun may invalidate the balance so-
lution unless all data is replaced. Proceed with caution! You cannot
change the number of measurement speeds or the speeds being used
without repeating all reference and trial runs. The number of measure-
ment planes, weight planes, and measurement points may be changed
if you are careful. Reducing the designated numbers for these entries
will remove the highest numbered planes or points. You will receive a
warning message when any of these entries is modified.

Warning Message Screen

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FAST Bal II Book Page 14 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Job Definition Screen

To bring up the Job Definition screen, select Job Definition on the Main
menu.

Job Definition Screen

Use the Up Arrow or Down Arrow to highlight the following selections on

the Define Balance Job menu.
• Clear Job Yes / No – Use any alphanumeric key to toggle between
choices. Selecting Yes will lead to a second screen allowing you to
cancel the clear job choice, clear trim run readings only, clear
readings and notes only, or to clear the complete job setup.
• User – Enter 1-3 alphanumeric characters to be used to identify user.
• Job # – Enter 1-10 alphanumeric characters to be used for job iden-
tification for storage and recall, as well as for reports.
• Mach ID – Enter 1-10 alphanumeric characters to be used for
machine identification. Used by analyzer, reports, and balance
database.
• Mach Desc – Enter 1-28 alphanumeric characters to describe the
machine. Used by analyzer, reports, and balance database.
• Station – Enter 1-32 alphanumeric characters to identify the station
or machine group of the machine. Used by analyzer, reports, and
balance database.

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• Shaft # – Enter number: 1-99. If the machine has multiple shafts,

this field identifies which shaft is to be balanced.
• Spec: – Enter a maximum of four digits specifying the vibration level
to be used as a tolerance check. The units of this number will be the
same as those specified in the sensor definition.

Note
Changing data units causes Spec to change. Always check this
number if new data units are specified.

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FAST Bal II Book Page 16 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

When all the desired inputs have been supplied, press Enter to move to the
Define Balance Job screen. The Dele key (2115/2117) or Page Down key
(2120) may be used at any time during job definition to return to a previous
screen.

Measurement Measurement
Plane 1 Plane 2
Weight Weight
Plane 1 Plane 2

Rotor to be
Motor Balanced

Reflective
Vert tape
Phototach

Horz

Note: This view shows

the recommended
sensor configuration
End View with two sensors at
each measurement
plane.

Example Machine with Two Measurement Planes and Two Weight Planes

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Define Balance Job

Define Balance Job Screen

• Weight Planes – Input a number: 1-4. Enter the number of planes

where balance weights may be adjusted.
• Meas Planes – Input a number: 1-4. Must have at least one
measurement plane for each weight plane. The measurement planes
do not have to be the same as the weight planes.
• Meas Points – Input a number: 1-8. Must have at least one
measurement point for each weight plane. The number of
measurement points times the number of speeds cannot exceed 24.
• Meas Speeds – Input a number: 1-6. A maximum of six speeds may
be entered for balance calculations. The number of measurement
points times the number of speeds cannot exceed 24.
• Discrete Weight Yes / No – Use any alphanumeric key to toggle
POSITIONS between choices. If any of the weight planes restrict
weight placement to specific positions (such as fan blades or pre-
drilled holes for balance weights), then answer Yes. You can specify
individual planes as continuous later.

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FAST Bal II Book Page 18 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

• Subtract Run-out Yes / No – Use any alphanumeric key to toggle

between choices. If you wish to have the measurement data
corrected for runout, enter YES and you will be given the op-
portunity to acquire runout data under the Make Measurement
option of the Main menu. Runout corrections are usually made when
displacement probes are used to collect the balance data. This is
done because the probes can pick up mechanical irregularities in the
shaft as vibration which must be subtracted out.
When all the desired inputs have been supplied, press Enter to move to the
Define Tach Options screen.

Note
Default setups for measurement points are dynamically config-
ured based on the number of measurement points specified.
See “Default Settings” on page 4-23 for more information.

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Define Tach Options

Define Tach Options Screen

• Rotation – Select clockwise or counter clockwise by pressing Left/

Right arrow keys when rotation is highlighted (used as the default
orientation for all graphic plots).
• Angle (Deg TDC) – Input a number: 0-360. This is the position of
the tachometer pick-up relative to the top dead center position.
Degrees are measured counter to shaft rotation. Identifies placement
of tachometer reference pulse for future setup, on graphics (position
is noted by a “T” on graphics), and in some special calculations.
• Delta – Input a number: 1-500. Maximum RPM deviation from the
user specified balance speed for which data will be considered valid.
Data outside this RPM window will not be included in data
averaging (entering a zero disables this function).
• RPM 1, RPM 2, ... , RPM 6 – Input a number: 1–20,000 (2115/2117)
or 1–99,998 (2120). Enter the speed in revolutions per minute
(RPM). This value is stored as a reference for future setup. When de-
termining data validity, it is also used as the baseline speed for
applying the delta RPM criteria. If multiple speeds have been
specified, one input is requested for each balance speed.
When all the desired inputs have been supplied, press Enter to move to the
Define Balance Sensor screen.

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Define Balance Sensor

Define Balance Sensor Screen

• Sensor Type – Select between accelerometer, velocity, dis-

placement, or non-standard. Toggle between choices using any al-
phanumeric key. Specifies type of sensor used. The same sensor type
is used for all measurement points.
• Sensitivity – Input a number: .0001 to 20. Enter the number of volts
output from the sensor per unit of measure.
• Convert To – Select between Accel, Velocity, Displacement, Sensor
Units. Toggle between choices by pressing any alphanumeric key.
Converts sensor output to chosen units.
• Data Units – Choice of Accel, Vel, or Displacement for sensor type
will cause this field to automatically display “standard” units. These
are acceleration in g’s, velocity in in/sec (or mm/sec), and dis-
placement in mils (or microns). They will be displayed in RMS,
Peak, or Pk-Pk depending on how they are configured under Utility,
Change Setup, Data Units. If a non-standard sensor is chosen, you
can enter 1-8 alphanumeric characters to be used in labeling data.
• Sensor Power – Select On or Off. The selection is toggled by
pressing any alphanumeric key. “On” provides power to the sensor
from the analyzer.

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• MUX-Enabled – Select On, Off, or Auto; toggles with any al-

phanumeric key. Selecting On will enable software controlled
switching of up to four channels when using the Model 642 (2115/
2117) or Model 648 (2120) multiplexer. If the MUX is enabled, you
will be limited to no more than four channels using channel numbers
1 through 4. Auto turns the MUX on but automatically acquires data
at all points when the first data acquisition is started. Each MPT is au-
tomatically accepted when both the phase and amplitude is in good
range for three consecutive averages. You can override and force the
analyzer to accept data by pressing the Enter key.
When all the desired inputs have been supplied, press Enter to move to the
Measurement Points definition screen.

Measurement Points

Default Set-up for Measurement Plane #1.

You will be asked to define one measurement plane at a time. A measure-

ment plane is one area of a machine where measurements are made, such
as at an inboard or outboard bearing.
Each measurement plane can have up to three sensors defined. No more
than one can be axial (measures vibration parallel to the shaft).
After defining all sensors for a measurement plane, compare the graphic to
the machine to verify your setup information.

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The positions of the sensors are important to the accuracy of the special
data checks performed after the reference data is acquired, for use in trial
weight estimations, and for system lag calculations.
Rotation

Reflective
OBV
tape
Rotor
OBH
Phototach
Bearing

End View

Example Machine Showing Measurement Plane 2 as Defined below

Measurement Points Screen

• Rotation – Orients current display for your convenience; does not

change Tach definition. Use Left/Right arrow keys to change when
rotation is highlighted.
• Number of Points – Enter 1 to 3 for number of sensors located at
this measurement plane.
• MPT ID – Enter 1 to 3 alphanumeric characters to identify each
measurement point. Used to identify the measurement point for data
acquisition, reports, and future setups.

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• Angle TDC – Input a number: 0-360. Indicates the sensor position

in degrees as measured from top dead center of shaft to the sensor
position (measure counter to rotation). Used to establish position
relative to all other sensors and to locate the sensor for future setups.
• CH – Input a number: 1-8. Identifies which sensor input channel to
associate with a specific sensor. This number is displayed when
selecting a sensor for data acquisition. If the Model 642 (2115/2117)
or Model 648 (2120) 4-channel MUX was specified in the Balance
Sensor Definition, then channels 1, 2, 3, or 4 must be used. When
used with the MUX, this number allows the software to automate
channels switching.

Note
Channel numbers can only be used once when using multiple
sensors. Each sensor must have its own channel number.

• Rad/Axial – Use alphanumeric keys to toggle between Axial/

Radial. No more than one axial sensor can be defined per
measurement plane.
• SYM – Show what symbol represents this MPT on the current
graphic. Not user selectable.

Default Settings
To make Job Definition easier and to encourage standardization of proce-
dures, measurement points are configured automatically to default settings,
depending on the number of measurement planes and measurement points
specified. However, these defaults will not affect changes to an existing job
unless all data and entries are cleared first. Default settings are shown in the
following table.

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FAST Bal II Book Page 24 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Point ID IBH IBV OBH OBV 1OH 2IH 3IH 4OH

Meas Planes 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 4
Angle TDC 270 0 270 0 270 270 270 270
Channel 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
# Meas # Meas
Planes Points
1 1
X
1 2 X X
2 2 X X
2 3 X X X
2 4 X X X X
3 3 X X X
4 4 X X X X

Using these defaults as the standard setup for previously undefined jobs will
significantly reduce the number of inputs you must modify.
When all the desired inputs have been supplied, press Enter to move to the
Define Weight Plane input screens (if discrete weight planes were specified).
If discrete weight planes were not specified, Job Definition is complete and
FAST Bal II returns to the Main menu.

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Define Weight Plane

Define Weight Plane #1 Screen

One weight plane is defined at a time. After the definition for a plane has
been completed, use the graphic to verify the #1 position relative to the
tach reference (indicated by “T”) and that the numbers increase in the cor-
rect direction.
• Rotation - When highlighted, the direction of rotation may be
changed temporarily for this display using the Left/Right arrow keys.
• Weight Positions –Input a number: 1-100. Enter the total number
of available fixed weight positions in this weight plane. These
positions are expected to be uniformly spaced around the rotor at a
common radius.
Rotation

Reflective
9 tape
8
10
7
11
Phototach
6 12

5 1
4 2
3

End View of Example Rotor for Weight Plane 1

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FAST Bal II Book Page 26 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Note
Important – if “1” is entered, this plane will be considered con-
tinuous and the remaining entries (for this plane) will be ig-
nored. This allows some weight planes to be marked as
continuous while others are identified as discrete.

Define Weight Plane Screen #2 (defined as continuous)

• 1st Position Angle – Input a number: 0-360. This input field

indicates the position of the first discrete weight location (position 1),
in degrees, from the rotor reference (0° position). Measure counter to
rotation starting at the leading edge of the reference mark.
• Positions Numbered Against Rotation – Select Yes or No. Yes
indicates the fixed weight positions are identified with numbers
increasing against rotation (similar to the convention used for
measuring degrees). No indicates the numbers increase in the same
direction as rotation. All program references to these positions for
weight locations will be by position number preceded by a @.
• Duplicate Other Planes – Select Yes or No. Selection may be
toggled using any alphanumeric key. “Yes” will cause any remaining
weight planes to be exact copies of this one.

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Job Definition (Basic Mode)

Refer to “Balance Functions” on page 4-10 for information about selecting
the balance mode. To define a new job using the Basic balance mode, from
the main Balance Functions menu, select Job Definition.

The following screen will be displayed.

The first Job Definition screen is identical to that used for the Standard Bal-
ance mode. This information is used primarily for identifying the job and
machine for storage and recall, or when printing reports. Spec is the vibra-
tion amplitude which the equipment should run below when balanced sat-
isfactorily. This value will show up later when the results are compared to
the desired specification.

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The only other setup screen asks you to configure two options:
• Configuration – use any key to toggle between: (1) 1 plane, 1 sensor
(2) 1 plane, 2 sensors or (3) 2 planes, 2 sensors
• Rotation Dir – use any key to toggle between CW (clockwise) or
CCW (counter clockwise). This is the direction of rotation at the end
considered by you as the reference (your choice affects the
orientation of graphic plots).
The program automatically labels the two sensors as IB of inboard bearing
and OB for outboard bearing. You can use horizontal or vertical orientation
if desired. Best results will normally be obtained by taking measurements
at both bearings, however, for special, single plane circumstances, you can
place both sensors at one bearing.
Balance sensor and MUX definitions are the same as the setup specified for
the Default Balance Sensor option (accessed by using the Options key). If
you want a different setup, you must define it before the new job is created.
That is all there is to the setup! You are now ready to proceed with the bal-
ance job. All remaining screens and actions will be the same as shown in
Chapters 4 and 5 except that you will only be using one or two measure-
ments points.

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Additional Notes About the Basic Balance Mode

As stated earlier, the trade-off for using the Basic mode is the loss of some
features available when using the full Job Definition of the Standard mode.
This includes:
• Limited to no more than 2 planes, 2 sensors at one speed instead of
up to 4 planes, 8 sensors and 6 speeds
• Automatic splitting of weights for discrete weight planes is not
available
• Customized Measurement Point labels and identification of sensor
position is not available
• Calculator Modes for estimating trial weight and for Amplification
Factor/System Lag are not available

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Balance Functions - Make Measurement

The balance job definition has been completed. The program returns to the
Main menu. The Job # and Mach ID # now appear on the reverse video
bar just below the title line (Balance Functions). An [X] will appear next to
the Job Definition selection of the Main menu indicating this step has been
completed (see below). You are now ready to begin Step 2, Make Measure-
ments.

Main Menu Showing Job Definition Complete

Make Measurement
Select Make Measurement from the Main menu by highlighting Make
Measurement and pressing Enter. Depending on the Job Definition, a
choice of measurements will be listed to select from. If a 2-plane balance
job with runout to be subtracted has been defined, the selection menu
below will be displayed.

Select Measurement Screen

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You should ordinarily begin with the first selection. When a selection is
highlighted and Enter is pressed, an additional selection list will appear as
shown below (if multiple measurement points or speeds were defined in the
Job Definition). Highlight the measurement point and/or speed for which
the data are to be acquired. After verifying the sensor supplying the data
signal to the analyzer is at the correct location, press Enter to begin data
acquisition.

Select Measurement Point

Caution!
Be sure to acquire data from the location specified for the selected mea-
surement point. Assigning data from any other measurement point to
this selection will invalidate all calculations.

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Acquiring Data
After selecting Measurement Point and pressing Enter, the following screen
will be displayed after the analyzer auto-ranges.

Data Acquisition Screen

Explanations are:
• Meas Point – 3-digit abbreviation for currently selected sensor.
• RPM – shows instantaneous RPM
• Mag – shows averaged amplitude
• RMS, PEAK, Pk-Pk – shows how units will be displayed
• Phase – shows averaged phase
• Data Stability - box indicates stability of phase and amplitude
averages. The vertical bar marks where the average magnitude is
varying ± 5% and where the average phase is varying ± 2.5°.

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Graphic display explanation:

• – box is on end of the instantaneous vector. Vector lines without
a terminating box appear when the instantaneous phase varies by
more than 15 degrees. These represent minimum and maximum
vectors.
• + – cross-hair shows endpoint of Avg Phase/Mag Vector
• T – shows position of reference pick-up and is always = 0°
• ROT – rotation may be displayed in either direction using Left/Right
Arrow keys. Defaults to orientation of Tach definition.
Allow Data collection to continue until amplitude is stable and phase varies
by no more than 5°. To assist you, a Data Stability bar is provided. The best
solution will be produced from data in the Good range. When the data
appear to be stable, press Enter.
If you specified Auto for the MUX enabled input (when defining the bal-
ance sensor), the program will automatically accept the data and move to
the next point when both the phase and amplitude are in the Good range
for three consecutive averages. You can press the Enter key to force the use of data
that is less stable.

Note
While collecting data, Press the Clr (Clear) key to clear the av-
erages and start over.

If you lose the signal from the tachometer transducer, the following screen
will be displayed.

No Tachometer Message Screen

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If the RPM readings are outside the RPM window (reference RPM ± delta)
as specified in the Define Tach Options screen, a warning message will be
displayed (see following screen). Any data outside the delta band will auto-
matically be excluded from the averages.

RPM Out of Tolerance Message

If the tachometer readings vary by more than 6% between revolutions, a

Tach Not Stable message will be displayed. As each set of measurements is
completed, you are returned to the Select Measurement menu. An [X]
appears beside the completed measurements.

Runout Data
If you requested runout to be subtracted (by answering Yes at the selection
on the Define Balance Job menu) this selection will appear in the Select
Measurement list. This allows data to be collected during a slow roll of the
rotor for the purpose of runout subtraction.

Runout Data Complete

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Note
In the Model 2115/2117/2120 analyzer, Runout data is sub-
tracted from Tolerance Check information under Review/Edit
Data and from initial and final readings in printed reports.
Runout data is not subtracted from Reference Run, Trial Run,
and Trim Run data.

Reference Run
This selection will acquire data for the “as is run”. The Reference run is
always one of the selections in the Select Measurement list, since it is
required for comparison to the data acquired during the trial runs. Take this
measurement before any trial weights are placed. If multiple speeds or mea-
surement points have been specified, you will be given a list to choose from.

Reference Run Data Checks (sometimes referred to as “WatchDog”)

FAST Bal II analyzes the data acquired during the Reference Run and
alerts you to conditions which could be potential problems during the bal-
ancing procedure. The conditions are:
• 1xRPM vibration less than 50% of the total vibratory energy at a
sensor.
• Highly directional vibration (vibration amplitudes which are much
greater in some axes than others).
• Axial 1xRPM vibration amplitudes greater than radial vibration
amplitudes.

Note
The last two data checks are not performed if you are using the
Basic Balance Mode.

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1xRPM Less Than 50% of Overall Vibratory Energy

Sometimes, mistakes are made in using balance procedures to resolve
machine vibration which is not caused by imbalance. The only vibration
frequency which will be significantly reduced by the balance procedure is
at 1xRPM (rotational frequency). If less than half of the vibratory energy is
at 1xRPM, FAST Bal II will alert you to this condition. Those points trip-
ping this alert will be listed along with the percentage of energy occurring
at the rotational frequency.

User Alert - 1xRPM Vibration vs Overall

During the Reference Run, and overall (analog) reading is acquired. This
data can’t be seen by the user, but the energy of the measurement points @
1xTs is compared to the energy of the overall.

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If this occurs, you may want to acquire a frequency signature at those points
to determine what other frequencies are present, as well as to consider
other possible causes. CSI recommends this be done using the same vibra-
tion units (acceleration, velocity, or displacement) since changing units can
dramatically change the apparent distribution of energy. For example, dis-
placement emphasizes the lower frequencies and acceleration emphasizes
the higher frequencies. A help message is available for this alert reminding
you of this information (shown below).

Help Msg - 1xRPM vs Overall

Vibration is Direction Sensitive

When the vibration amplitude at the rotational frequency is significantly
different at various radial positions in the same measurement plane, there
are two common causes:
• The structure may be highly constrained in one direction but very
flexible in another. Some vertical pumps exhibit this condition when
braced in only one direction or,
• This could indicate the presence of a resonance near rotational
frequency at the axis with the higher amplitude.

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Often, the first condition may contribute to the second. The greater con-
cern is the possible presence of a resonance, because this may make the
machine difficult to balance or to keep balanced. FAST Bal II will classify
a ratio greater than 3:1 but less than 8:1 as Moderate. Ratios greater than
8:1 are classified as High. If the ratio alert is triggered for two sensors close
to 90° apart, and the phase change is approximately 0° or 180°, then the
probability of a resonance increases and this is classified “Resonance
Likely”.

User Alert - Directional Vibration

As shown below, the help message for this screen reminds you to look fur-
ther at these indications if difficulty is encountered balancing this machine,
or if it is a chronically out-of-balance unit.

Help Msg. - Directional Vibration

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Axial 1xRPM Vibration Greater than Radial

Imbalance usually causes higher radial vibration amplitudes at rotational
frequency than axial amplitudes. Sometimes, overhung rotors will display
high axial vibration at 1xRPM. However, misalignment may also show up
at 1xRPM and be confused with imbalance. Unfortunately, while bal-
ancing will reduce the vibration at 1xRPM due to imbalance, it will not
help 1xRPM vibration due to misalignment.

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Although most people do not use an axial sensor during balancing, some
people find it useful. If you use both axial and radial sensors at a measure-
ment plane, FAST Bal II will run tests and (if the condition exists) display
messages similar to the following.

User Alert - Axial vs Radial Magnitudes

Help Msg. - Axial vs Radial Magnitudes

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Reference Run Complete

Trial Run 1, 2, 3, 4
One trial run is defined for each weight plane. Data are acquired after
placing a trial weight in the weight plane corresponding to the trial run
number. For example, for Trial Run 1:
1. ··· Add a trial weight to weight plane 1.
2.··· Input weight and location in table.
3.··· Acquire data for all measurement points.
4.··· If multiple speeds, acquire data for each specified speed.
When any Trial Run measurement is selected, the location of the trial
weight must be described first. The following screen is displayed if the bal-
ance job was defined as two weight planes, with Plane 1 being a discrete
weight plane and Plane 2 being continuous. Please note there are two
important differences:
• Immediately following the plane number, (P1 is plane 1, P2 is plane
2, etc.) a D will appear if it is a discrete weight plane or a C for
continuous weight plane.
• The weight locations for a discrete plane are designated by a position
number preceded by “@” (@1, @4, etc.). The continuous plane is not
preceded by the “@” and represents the position in degrees
measured against rotation from the leading edge of the rotor
reference mark.

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In this example, plane 1 is a discrete weight plane with a trial weight of 1.5
units at weight location 1. The actual units are not specified but you must
be consistent in the unit of measure used throughout the procedure. Plane
2 is continuous with no weights added.

Trial Run 1 Weights

A vector will be plotted on the graphic showing the position of the weight
relative to the tach reference position (indicated by “T”). Use this graphic
to help verify correct weight placement. If desired, you can highlight
“ROT” (Rotation) and use the Left/Right Arrow to display the graphic
from the opposing orientation.
If there are additional weight planes and trial runs, you must add a trial
weight to each weight plane before the corresponding trial run data are
acquired.

Trial Run 1 Complete

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For the next trial run, the trial weight from the previous plane can be
removed or left in place. However, if the weight from the previous run is
left in place and another weight is added for the next trial run, both must
be entered into the table for the trial weight amounts. The next screen
shows this situation. After trial run 1 was completed, the trial weight from
run 1 was left in place and an additional weight of 2 (oz, gm, Kg, lbs.) was
added to Plane 2 at 120°.

Trial Run 2 Weights

All weights added to a single weight plane should be added at the same
radius from the center of the shaft, since the net effect is determined by both
the weight and the radius at which it is placed. A 5 oz weight placed at 10
inches will have double the effect of a 5 oz weight placed at 5 inches (50 oz-
inches versus 25 oz-inches). If weights are to be placed at different radii on
the same weight plane, this must be considered when entering trial weight
data or placing correction weights. If the weights for a single weight plane
are all at the same radius, you need only consider the weight units.

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When all measurements have been completed, the Main menu will be dis-
played. You can now select Correction Weights to calculate the balance
solution.

Main Menu

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Balance Functions - Correction Weights

When the Correction Weights selection is chosen, the balance correction
will be calculated and a screen similar to the following one will be dis-
played. A discrete weight plane, as noted by the D following the plane des-
ignation (see P1(D)), will give units of weight automatically split between
two adjacent weight locations. A continuous weight plane will show one
balance weight placed at one position, located in degrees from the refer-
ence mark on the rotor. Measure degrees counter to (against) the direction of rota-
tion. FAST Bal II provides four alternative solutions:
• Weights to be added with trial weights removed
• Weights to be added with trial weights left in place
• Weights to be removed with trial weights removed
• Weights to be removed with trial weights left in place
The following screen shows a solution with trial weights removed.

Adding Correction Weights – Trial Weights to be Removed First (TW is Off)

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If you want to leave the trial weights from the last run on the rotor, you can
do so and add additional weight(s). Use the Up/Down Arrow keys to toggle
between solutions with the trial weights left on or removed. The Left/Right
arrows will change the direction of rotation being displayed.

Adding Correction Weights – Trial Weights to be Left On (TW is On)

If you need to remove weight (to correct the imbalance) instead of adding,
use the Page key (2115/2117) or the Page Up key (2120) to show weight
removal (see following screen).

Removing Correction Weights

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Balance Functions - Tolerance Check/Trim

After the correction weights have been placed, check the results by high-
lighting Tolerance Check/Trim on the Main menu and pressing Enter (the
following screen will be displayed).

Tolerance Check/Trim Screen

Applied Weight
This selection allows you to enter the weights and locations actually used.
These data are stored for later reference. Input fields default to the last cal-
culated correction solution but may be manually altered to reflect actual
changes.

Applied Weights Screen

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The Applied Weights screen functions the same as the Trial Weights and
Balance Correction displays with two exceptions:
• If the “Trial Weights Left On” field is set to Yes, a note indicating this
fact will be automatically attached to this balance job.
• Pressing the Page key (2115/2117) or the Page Up key (2120) key will
show the estimated residual vibration that will result from using the
given applied weights.

Estimated Residual Vibration

Significantly different residual vibration responses may result from inaccu-

rate data or weight placement, changing system response due to large
changes in vibration amplitude, or other causes of system non-linearity. If
vibration amplitudes are no longer responding satisfactorily from the calcu-
lated solutions, new reference and trial runs may be required or the limits
of system linearity may have been achieved.

Check Result
This selection allows data to be acquired after correction weights have been
installed. If the vibration amplitudes are still unacceptable, these data can
be used for a trim correction calculation. After all measurements are com-
pleted, a Tolerance Check screen is displayed allowing you to compare the
readings to balance specifications (see following screen).

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The graphic shows a circle about the center at the specification magnitude.
Each MPT symbol shows the initial reading. The lines plot up to two addi-
tional data points, always using the last two trim readings. The Up/Down
Arrow keys can be used to zoom the plot in/out.

Tolerance Check Screen

Explanations are:
• MPT ID – symbol and 3-digit ID for a measurement point.
• MPT Mag – amplitude of last reading.
• % Down (% Reduction) – comparison of last reading to the first
reading of this balance procedure (reference run for first time
balance job or first reading for trim only balance job).
• % of Spec – comparison of last reading to balance Spec as defined
in Job Definition.

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Trim Correction
This function calculates additional weight needed to improve the balance
after using Check Result to collect data (this weight is added in addition to
the previous correction weight). The Trim Weights screen appears as fol-
lows and is read the same as for the Correction Weights screen.

Caution!
Always calculate the trim correction, even if the readings appear satis-
factory. The Check Result Data is not stored until all three steps have
been completed.

Adding Weights to Trim Balance

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Options Key
Pressing the Options key will display the Balance Options Menu (see
below). In addition to the Store, Recall, and Delete Job(s) functions, a
variety of other useful utilities are accessible.

Balance Options Menu

Selection descriptions are as follows:

• Store Job – Stores the current job.
• Recall Job – Recalls a job in storage to the current job area for use.
• Delete Job(s) – Delete all jobs or an individual job from storage.
• Review/Edit Data - Displays phase and amplitude data acquired
during the balance procedure so it can be reviewed or edited.
Displays Tolerance/Check Result table.
• Calculator Mode - Provides a number of functions for auxiliary cal-
culations used for addressing special circumstances.
• Load/Dump Data - Allows communications with UltraMgr for data
transfer to/from a host computer.
• Print Report - Generates a summary report of the balance job to an
external printer.

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• Balance Mode Select – allows you to select Basic or Standard

Balance Mode
• Default Sensor Setup – defines Default setup for Balance sensor
definition.

Storing, Recalling, and Deleting Jobs

Jobs can reside in two areas in the analyzer, the
• Current job area, or
• Stored job area.
The current job is the active job in the analyzer and can be totally modified
to suit your needs. You can have only one job at a time in the current job
area.
Before being transferred to the computer for storage via UltraMgr, jobs
must be stored in the stored job area. The number of jobs which can be
placed in the stored job area will vary depending on what other applica-
tions are loaded in the Model 2110/2115 analyzer, as well as what data the
other applications have stored. However, when no other applications have
data stored then the balance program stored job area can hold up to 28
jobs.

Storing a Job
There are two ways to place a job in the stored area:
• Define it on the analyzer and use the Store option, or
• Load it from the host computer using UltraMgr.

Recalling a Job
Before working on a job that is stored, it must be recalled from the stored
area to the current job area. To do this, complete these steps:
1·····Press Options
2·····Highlight Recall Job and press Enter
3·····Highlight the job desired and press Enter

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When recalling a job into the current area where a job is already located,
you will receive a prompt asking if you want to save the current job. A No
response allows the current job to be overwritten.
When saving the current job, insure that it does not have the same Job # as
a job already stored (unless you want to overwrite the stored job). To keep
both jobs, you must change the name of the job in the current area before
you save it.

Modified Job
If information critical to the calculation of a job is modified, the following
message will be displayed:

Input Field Modification Warning Screen

Descriptive text such as Job #, Machine ID, Station Description, etc., will
not cause this message to appear. Changes to the job setup, such as Number
of Planes or Measurement Points, Sensor Definition, and Measurement
Point definitions, will initiate this message.
If you do not want to risk loss of the current data, press Main to cancel and
return to the main menu. Fields which have been modified will automati-
cally be returned to the original values.

Deleting Job(s)
Jobs can be deleted from the stored job list for convenience or to prevent
sending a modified job to the host computer when using UltraMgr.
Deleting balance jobs from memory makes additional space available for
new balance jobs. Clearing all jobs from memory will also regain storage
space. To delete one or more jobs, complete these steps:

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1.····Press Options
2.····Highlight Delete Job and press Enter
3.····To delete a specific job:
a. Highlight Individual Job and press Enter
b. Highlight the job desired for deletion and press Enter
4.····To delete all jobs:
a. Highlight All Jobs and press Enter
b. You will be asked to confirm the deletion of all jobs. No will
cancel the deletion.

Caution!
Use extreme caution when using the Delete Job(s) function when the
analyzer contains job data. After answering Yes to a warning screen,
the data cannot be retrieved.

Caution!
If a combined Alignment/Balance 2110/2115 is being used, Delete All
Data removes all alignment and balance jobs from memory.

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Review / Edit Data

Highlighting this selection displays a Review/Edit Dataset screen similar to
the following.

Review/Edit Dataset Screen

The exact entries which appear will vary depending on the Job Definition
and whether trim run data was acquired. If multiple trim runs have been
performed, only the last one is displayed. These entries can be modified for
“what-if” purposes or to enter data which were not acquired with this instru-
ment.

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Tolerance Check
The Tolerance Check selection displays the last data acquired for each mea-
surement point as a vibration amplitude (Meas Mag). The % reduction from
the original measurement is calculated. Also, the measured Magnitude is
compared to the specifications and the % of specification is shown (addi-
tional information appeared earlier in this chapter under bulleted heading
“Check Result”). If more than one measurement plane or speed is defined,
press the Enter key to advance to view the next plot. Press the Dele (2115/
2117) or Page Down key (2120) to return to view a previous plot.

Tolerance Check Screen

Influence Coefficients

Influence Coefficient Display

Influence coefficients represent the system response at a specific measure-

ment point and plane to a known force. This display expresses these values
in terms of magnitude (RMS) and phase. This information is for data output
only; you cannot edit it. If more than one measurement plane or speed is
defined, press the Page key (2115/2117) or Page Up key (2120) to advance
to Influence Coefficients for the next speed. Press the Dele (2115/2117) or
Page Down key (2120) to return to view a previous speed.

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Calculator Mode
Highlighting this selection and pressing Enter displays the Calculator Mode
screen which offers a number of functions for addressing special circum-
stances. The menu is shown below.

Calculator Mode Screen

Note
From some Calculator Mode options, you can review the last
calculated balance correction by using the Page key (2115/
2117) or the Page Up key (2120). The 2115/2117 screen is shown
below.

Last Balance Results

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Split Angle
This function will split a single weight between two locations. This is useful
when a weight cannot be placed where the solution recommends. Input the
desired weight, the desired angle, and the angles of two locations available
for weight placement. These two positions should be close to, and at each
side of, the original solution’s location. The input screen is shown below.

Split Angle Screen

Providing the requested information (from the Split Angle screen) and
pressing Enter will display a solution similar to the one below.

Result of Split

Pressing Enter again will return to the input screen. Press the Reset key to
return to the program’s Main menu.

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Sum Weights
This function combines up to three weights at different locations into a
single weight at one location. This is typically used when several weights
have been placed on the rotor, and you want to combine some of them.
Highlighting this selection on the Calculator Mode menu and pressing
Enter will display the screen shown below.

Sum Weights Screen

Enter the numbers shown and press Enter to display the solution.

Result of Sum Screen

Pressing Enter again will return to the input screen. Press the Reset key to
return to the program’s Main menu.

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Adjust Fixed Weights

This function calculates the placement of two weights in place of the cor-
rection weight. This is useful when the available balance weights do not
match the balance or trim solution. Enter two of the available weights and
the program will calculate where to position the weights to achieve the
desired effect. Highlight Adjust Fixed Weights on the Calculator Mode
menu and press Enter. The following screen is displayed.

Adjust Fixed Weights Screen

Enter the desired numbers and press Enter to see the solution.

Position Result

Pressing Enter again will return to the input screen. Press the Reset key to
return to the program’s Main Menu.

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Static/Couple Analysis
Highlight the Static/Couple Analysis selection on the Calculator Mode
menu and press Enter to display the input screen. This function will repre-
sent a dynamic balance solution in terms of its static and couple compo-
nents. A typical screen is shown below.

Static/Couple Screen

Enter the desired information and press Enter to see the result.

Static/Couple Analysis Screen

The results calculate the placement of weights to address the specific effect
due to the static and couple components of the imbalance. Pressing Enter
again will return to the input screen. Press the Reset key to return to the pro-
gram’s Main Menu.

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Trial Weight Estimate

Estimate Trial Weight

Note
You must complete the Reference Run before using this func-
tion.

This display allows you to estimate the heavy/light spot and a trial weight
which should reduce the vibration level. The accuracy of this heavy spot
calculation is affected by system lag and sensor lag. The accuracy of the trial
weight size is affected by rotor weight, radius, and amplification factor.
• Meas Plane – use the measurement plane nearest the weight plane
to which the weight will be added.
• MPT – choose from any measurement point assigned to the specified
measurement plane or, use an average of the data. If one MPT has
much higher amplitudes than the others, it will often give the best
results.
• Weight Plane – choose the weight plane nearest the measurement
plane specified.
• Speed – choose speed of interest when using multiple speeds.
• Rotor Wt (lb) – will ask for lb if using English units or kg if metric.
• Trial Wt Radius – radius at which trial weights will be placed (inches
if English, centimeters if metric).

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• System Lag – system lag is the difference between the angular

location of the heavy spot and the phase of the vibratory high spot.
If system lag is unknown, use 45° when below 1st critical or 135°
when between 1st and 2nd critical. If running close to critical, use a
number closer to 90°.
• Sensor Lag – phase lag introduced by the sensor. For CSI supplied
accelerometers, this is normally 0°.
• Amplification Factor – the effect of mechanical amplification on
the vibration amplitude resulting from a given amount of unbalance.
Amplification factors increase as the rotational frequency moves
closer to a critical frequency. Use an amplification factor of 3 if
unknown.
The solution screen shown below can display units as ounces (oz), pounds
(lb), grains (gr), kilograms (kg), or grams (gm). Press any alphanumeric key
to toggle between units.

Note
These calculations are only an estimate. Their accuracy will be
greatly influenced by the accuracy of the inputs on the First
Page, as well as by unaccountable cross-effects in multiplane
solutions.

Trial Weight Estimate

Options Key 4-63

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Amplification Factor
The amplification factor utility calculates amplification factor and system
lag based on Reference and Trial Run Data. A trial run must be specified in
which a weight was added to the specified weight plane.

Amplification Factor Calculation

Machines with an amplification factor exceeding six may be difficult to bal-

ance. A resonance close to rotational frequency is the most common cause.

Amplification Factor / System Lag Solution Screen

System lag reflects the difference between the measured vibratory high spot
and the true rotor heavy spot.

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Amplification Factor Calculation - Error Message

Load/Dump Data
The Load/Dump Data option is used to establish communications with the
UltraMgr program on the host computer. This function can be used to
transfer one or more jobs from the UltraMgr database into FAST Bal. After
job(s) have been completed, they can be transferred from FAST Bal to the
UltraMgr database. To set up the correct communication parameters, use
the utility option in the analyzer.

Note
The transfer is performed via direct computer to analyzer
hook-up using a Model 639 communications cable. This cable
is supplied as standard equipment with the analyzer (no
modem is required). When Load/Dump Data is selected, the
analyzer automatically awaits signals from the computer to
begin transferring stored job(s) data. A screen stating that the
analyzer is awaiting host commands will be displayed. This
screen will be displayed until the time needed for all retries has
been used up. At that point, a communications error message
will be displayed.

Options Key 4-65

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Note
The MasterTrend Compatible FAST Bal Program v6.1x and
earlier (2115/2117) and v7.4x and earlier (2120) will only com-
municate with MasterTrend/UltraMgr (v1.20 - 3.xx). The
RBMware compatible FAST Bal program v6.40 and later
(2115/2117) and v7.40 and later will only communicate with
RBMware/UltraMgr (v4.00 and later). Refer to the appro-
priate UltraMgr user’s manual for more information on com-
munication with the PC.

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Printing

Printing Directly to an External Printer

The following steps must be done to get a hard copy print out on an
external, Epson-compatible, dot matrix printer using the Model 720A
Printer Interface:
1 ···In the analyzer, select 720 IF Print mode, which is under Utility,
Change Setup, Display Control
2 ···Turn both the analyzer and printer off
3 ···Plug one end of the Model 720A Printer Interface directly into the
RS232 Port located on the top panel of the analyzer
4 ···Connect the other end of the Model 720A Printer interface to the
printer via a standard parallel printer cable
5 ···Turn the analyzer on
6 ···Turn the printer on
7 ···Either select Print Report under Options (Fast Bal) or Utilities (Pro
Align), to print a pre-defined report or select the desired screen and
press the Print key to get a screen print of that specific screen. Refer
to “Print Report” for more information on printing a pre-defined
report.

Note
When printing via the Model 720A Printer Interface, the ana-
lyzer is not compatible with printers that use a serial interface.

Printing to Virtual Printer Program

Virtual Printer (Virprint) is a Windows program that emulates the physical
connection to a printer. Previously, the Model 720A interface was required
to print from the analyzer. Virprint allows printing on any printer sup-
ported by Microsoft Windows operating system.

Printing 4-67
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Note
Printing to Virprint uses the same communications cable used
to load firmware and load/dump jobs to and from the PC. It
does not use the Models 720A Printer Interface.

Note
The information from the analyzer is captured and/or stored as
graphics (not text). The following steps must be done to send a
printed report to print screen to the Virtual Printer program.

1·····Connect the Model 639 Communications cable directly into the

RS232 Port located on the top panel of the analyzer.
2·····In the analyzer, select VRPRINT print mode, which is under
Utility, Change Setup, Display Control.
3·····Run the Virtual Printer program on your PC.

11

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4 ···· From the Capture menu choose a capture mode, either Screen or
File. If you choose Screen, the information from the analyzer is sent
directly to the computer screen. If you choose File, the information
from the analyzer is sent directly to a bitmap file. Once selected, the
Virtual Printer program status will change from “Set Capture
Mode” to either “CapturetoScreen” or “CapturetoFile” (depending
on selection).
5 ···· In the analyzer, either select Print Report – which is under Options
on the FAST Bal or under Utilities on the Pro Align – to print a pre-
defined report or select the desired screen and press the Print key to
get a screen print of that specific screen. Refer ti “Print Report” for
more information on printing a pre-defined report. Once the
printing operation is started, the Virtual Printer program status will
change to “Receiving Data...”. In the following example, the
information is being posted directly to the computer screen.

12

6 ···· Once the information is captured, the Virtual Printer program status
will change back to “Set Capture Mode”.
7 ···· At this point the Virtual Printer program has control of the
information from the analyzer. The information can be printed by
selecting “Print” under File (use “Printer Setup” under File to select
the printer) or saved to a bitmap file by selecting “Save as Bitmap”
under File.

Printing 4-69
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If additional information is to be printed from the analyzer, repeat the steps

starting from step 4. For more detailed information on the Virtual Printer
program, read VIRPRINT.TXT file located in the subdirectory where the
Virtual Printer software is installed or consult the Virtual Printer User’s
Manual.

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Print Report
To print a balance report, select Print Report from the Options menu.

Balance Options Menu

The following Balance Report menu will be displayed.

Balance Report Menu

• Report – Pressing any alphanumeric key will allow you to select

between the following reports: Summary, Setup, Detail, or Graphic.
• Job To Print – Pressing any alphanumeric key will allow you to
select the Current Job, All Jobs, or a Selected Job for the report. If
Selected Job is chosen, a list of available jobs will be displayed to
select from.

Print Report 4-71

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Balance Report
Examples of the four types of balance job reports available are shown in the
following figures.

BALANCE REPORT - SUMMARY

************************

Unassigned Balance Jobs

Stored Job Sequence Number : 6

Data Taken : 13-MAY-93 11:49:43
Job Number : 4
Station Description : WEST
Machine ID : BB FAN 2
Machine Description : BLOW BOX FAN 2
Shaft Number : 1
Balance Technician : RWP
Tolerance Specification : 1.00

RESULTS (All amplitudes in MILS P-P)

PLANE: 1 1 2 2
MPT : IBH IBV OBH OBV

SPD 1: 0
INITIAL : 3.717 2.329 8.983 1.104
FINAL : .735 1.823* .548 1.460*
% REDUCTION : 80 22 94 -32

* Out of Tolerance

NUMBER OF TRIAL RUNS = 2 NUMBER OF TRIM RUNS = 2

Notes : HIGH VIBRATION

Notes : ROTOR NOT CLEANED BEFORE BAL
Notes : RATIO HORZ/VERT AMP > 3 OR < .33
Notes : RESONANCE - NEAR 1XRPM

***** END OF LISTING *****

Balance Report – Summary

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Balance Report - Setup (continued on next page)

Print Report 4-73

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Balance Report – Set-up (continued from previous page)

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Balance Report – Detail

Print Report 4-75

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Balance Report – Graphic

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Balance Mode Select

This option allows you to select the Analyzer mode of operation (Basic or
Standard). Refer to “Balance Functions” on page 4-10 for additional infor-
mation.

Default Sensor Setup

This selection is similar to the Define Balance Sensor page from Job Defini-
tion in the Standard Balance Mode (see “Define Balance Job” on page 4-17
for a full description of the fields). This determines what the default sensor
definition will be each time a new job is created.

Note
Changes to this option will only affect jobs created after the
changes are made.

Print Report 4-77

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Notes Key
Use the notes key to display the Notepad screen which provides a list of 66
pre-defined notes. Up to 30 user-defined notes can also be entered for a
total of 96. These notes can be used to record observations concerning the
machinery being monitored or the balance job itself. Up to 40 notes can be
stored with each balance job, and along with the balance data and descrip-
tion, dumped into the UltraMgr database.

Balance Notepad Screen

Note
The Notes key always returns you to the Balance Notepad
screen. To add a new note with a 2115, press Keypad when
viewing User Defined notes. To add a note with a 2117, press
Alt key when viewing User Defined notes. To add a new note
with a 2120, press Insert when viewing User Defined notes.

Using Pre-defined Notes

Pre-defined notes cannot be modified and are listed as follows:

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(1) Reason for Balance

Note # Description
01 After overhaul
02 High vibration
03 New installation
04 Preventive
05 Threw balance weight
06 Work order

(2) Initial Conditions

Note # Description
07 Bearing clearance excessive
08 Bearings loose in housing
09 Bent shaft
10 Broken bolts on machine
11 Broken hold down bolt(s)
12 Broken/missing parts on rotor
13 Check alignment
14 Check sheave pitch line run-out
15 Check drive belts and sheaves
16 Check rotor for loose parts
17 Cracks – structural
18 Cracks at base
19 Corrosion at base
20 Dirty oil filter

Notes Key 4-79

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(2) Initial Conditions (continued)

Note # Description
21 Dirty air filter
22 Leaking product
23 Leaking lub from bearings
24 Leaking lub from coupling
25 Loose – attached structures
26 Loose – mounting bolts/nuts
27 Low oil levels
28 Rotor has significant wear
29 Rotor cleaned before balancing
30 Rotor not cleaned before balancing
31 Rotor needs to be cleaned
32 Rubbing noted during rotation
33 Temp – running hot
34 Temp – bearings hot

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(3) Vib/Phase Characteristics

Note # Description
35 Amplification factor > 6
36 Phase varies > ± 5 deg
37 Abnormal IB phase horz to vert
38 Abnormal OB phase horz to vert
39 Abnormal phase horz to horz
40 Abnormal phase vert to vert
41 Ratio of horz and vert amp > 3
42 Resonance problem
43 Resonance – near 1xRPM
44 Resonance – matches 1xRPM
45 Running below first critical
46 Running above first critical
47 Vibration amplitude unsteady
48 Vibration beating
49 Vibration is transient
50 Vibration – high axial
51 Vibration increases with temp

Notes Key 4-81

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(4) Procedure Related

Note # Description
52 Data inconsistent run to run
53 Error in setup do not reuse data
54 Load – below normal
55 Load – above normal
56 Load – unstable
57 Shaft – balanced uncoupled
58 Speed – below normal
59 Speed – above normal
60 Speed – unstable
61 Trim w/old data failed
62 Weights – removed all old wts
63 Weights – trial weights left on
64 Performed trim balance only
65 Use new influence coefficients
66 System response changed

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Storing Notes
To store a note or notes for a machine, press the Notes key, then select All
Notes or a Specific category, if the note exists. Use the up arrow and down
arrow keys to scroll through the note list. Once the number of the desired
note is highlighted, press the Enter key. The note text will then highlight
automatically, indicating the note is stored.

Note
The Page key (2115/2117)/Page Up key (2120) and Dele key
(2115/2117)/Page Down key (2120) can be used to scroll an en-
tire page (six lines) at a time. With a 2115/2117, press the Page
key to scroll down, or press the Dele key to scroll up. With a
2120, use the Page Up/Page Down keys.

Additional notes can then be selected, or the Reset key can be pressed to
return to the Main menu. To remove a selected note observation, repeat the
highlighting process. The number of notes assigned to a job is displayed in
the lower left of the Main menu.

Notes Key 4-83

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Creating Notes
Although a number of pre-defined notes already exist, there may be times
when you need to create a new one. To do this, select User Defined at the
Balance Notepad menu. Any user defined notes previously created will be
shown. If none of these match your needs, press the Keypad/Alt key (2120
– Insert key) to display the NotePad Data Entry screen shown below.
Follow the prompts shown on the screen.

Notepad Data Entry Screen

Note
If no user defined notes are present in memory, the Notepad
Data Entry screen will automatically be displayed after the
User Defined section is selected.

Enter the note using the alphanumeric keypad (32 characters maximum)
and then press the Enter key to log the note into the user defined section.
The note will be placed at the end of the list and automatically highlighted.
Up to 40 notes can be assigned to each balance job. If you try to define a
41st note, an error message will be displayed. In this case, to enter a new
note, one of the old ones must be removed.

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Help Key -2120 (Keypad Key – 2115/Alt Key – 2117)

Most screens in the analyzer have an associated help message. You can
access each message by pressing this key. Messages refer to a single screen,
and often to a single input field. If further help is required, refer to the
appropriate section in this manual.

Help Key -2120 (Keypad Key – 2115/Alt Key – 2117) 4-85

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4-86 Using the Balance Program

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Chapter 5

FAST Bal II Job Example – Standard Balance Mode

Overview
This section shows screen displays and provides explanations of proce-
dures used in a typical balance job. All procedures discussed take place in
the Analyzer. For overviews and specific instructions about using UltraMgr,
refer to the UltraMgr User’s Manual and to other sections of this manual.
Weight Plane 1 Weight Plane 2

Reflective
tape

Phototach

Measurement Plane 1 Measurement Plane 2

(inboard) (outboard)

IBV
Sensor

Inboard End
Plane 1
IBH
Sensor
9
8
10
7
11
Rotation
6 12

5 1
Phototach
4 2
3

Reflective
tape

Example Machine

5-1
FAST Bal II Book Page 2 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Beginning the Balancing Procedure

Define the Balance Job

Balance Functions Main Menu

This is the Main menu of the FAST Bal II program. At this point, notice the
JOB# and MACH ID are blank. None of the boxes (shown as brackets [ ])
have been checked off verifying their completion.
Begin the balance job by pressing Enter to accept the highlighted selection
“JOB DEFINITION” so the balance job can be defined.

Default Job Definition Screen

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This is the default appearance of the JOB DEFINITION screen. If a bal-

ance job was already active, the CLEAR JOB field would need to be
changed to Yes before going any further.
Most of these entries are used for report generation and job storage, but are
not required for balance calculations.

Entering a Job Definition

Supplying a job number is essential for storing the job. Entering a balance
specification at the SPEC field is not essential but will provide the target to
which the results are compared. The number entered will be in the same
units as specified later under DEFINE BALANCE SENSOR.

Default Define Balance Job Screen

Beginning the Balancing Procedure 5-3

FAST Bal II Book Page 4 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

This is the default screen for the DEFINE BALANCE JOB display. These
fields establish a data matrix for the balance procedure. The program
defaults to a two plane, four measurement point job. FAST Bal II accepts
up to four planes, eight measurement points, and six speeds. However, the
number of measurement points times the number of speeds may not
exceed 24.

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If any weight plane has preset weight positions, such as bolt holes or fins,
then specify Yes in the DISCRETE WEIGHT POSITIONS field. This is
the only change to this menu that is needed for this job.
Change the SUBTRACT RUNOUT field to Yes if proximity probes are
being used and you want to have the shaft runout measured and subtracted
(not needed for this job).

Default Define Tach Options Screen

This default screen for TACH OPTIONS. ROTATION is changed using

the RIGHT/LEFT arrow keys whenever ROTATION is highlighted. This
setting controls the default display used by all graphic plots. Since this
machine turns counter-clockwise when viewed from the most accessible
position, press the RIGHT arrow key to change the orientation. Use the
DOWN arrow to move to the next input field.

Beginning the Balancing Procedure 5-5

FAST Bal II Book Page 6 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

The ANGLE field is used to recreate this setup at a later time as well as to
establish the relationship between all sensors. Measure the angle in degrees
counter to rotation from TDC (top dead center). This tach pickup is at 90
degrees. A dotted line and “T” will mark this location on all graphic plots
(see next figure).

Entering a Reference Balance Speed

DELTA RPM determines the acceptable range for RPM during data acqui-
sition. Entering “0” disables RPM checking.
A reference balance speed is requested for each balancing speed according
to the number specified under DEFINE BALANCE JOB. The DELTA
RPM plus/minus the reference speeds form the window for speed valida-
tion.
When all changes have been made, compare the graphic to the actual
machine to verify the setup. Press Enter when satisfied with the changes.

Default Define Balance Sensor Screen

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The default setup for the balance sensor is shown. Configure this screen
according to the vibration sensors being used and display units desired. The
job shown will use an accelerometer with a sensitivity of 0.1 volts per g. The
output will be displayed as displacement. Sensor power is On, meaning
power will be supplied to the transducer from the Analyzer. Since the
Model 642 (2115/2117) or Model 648 (2120) 4-channel MUX will be used,
the MUX ENABLED field is set to On.

Measurement Points Screen

The measurement points must be defined for each measurement plane.

ROTATION has defaulted to what was defined under TACH DEFINI-
TION. When ROTATION is highlighted, it may be temporarily changed
using the LEFT/RIGHT arrow keys. Using the DOWN arrow key moves
the highlight bar to each succeeding input field. Everything shown on the
default screen is correct for this job except the angle from TDC of the hor-
izontal sensor (IBH). Changing this input to 65 results in the screen shown
below.

Beginning the Balancing Procedure 5-7

FAST Bal II Book Page 8 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Notice the position of the reference pick-up (T) is also shown. When all
entries have been completed, compare the graphic to the actual machine to
verify the setup. When satisfied, press Enter to define the next measure-
ment plane.

Measurement plane #2 is configured the same as for plane #1 except for

the MPT ID’s (Measure Point ID) and CH (channel) specifications. The
first three columns are used for labeling and later recreation of the setup.
The input channel controls the multiplexer when the MUX is enabled.
Otherwise the input channel simply serves to remind you of the correct
inputs.

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Defining Weight Planes

Since the presence of discrete weight planes was designated under BAL-
ANCE JOB DEFINITION, the weight planes must be described.
These positions must be uniformly spaced around the circumference of the
rotor at a common radius. The program uses this information to automati-
cally split weights for the balance correction.

Define Weight Plane 1

There are 12 bolt holes uniformly located about the circumference of

weight plane 1. The first hole is located 30° from the tach reference mark
on the rotor. The positions are numbered such that the numbers increase
against the direction of rotation. Use the graphic to verify the positions
increment in the correct direction and that position 1 is correctly located
from the Tach reference (T).

Beginning the Balancing Procedure 5-9

FAST Bal II Book Page 10 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Define Weight Plane 2

Weight plane 2 does not have discrete positions. Leaving the number of
weight positions at 1 tells the program that correction weights can be placed
at any angular position.

Job Definition Completed

After the job definition is completed, the program returns to the Main
menu. Notice the [X] after the JOB DEFINITION selection showing it has
been completed.

Note
The Job # and Mach ID of the job currently in active memory
is now displayed.

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Acquire Reference (as-is) Data

Selecting Reference Run

Since this is a 2-plane balance job, data must be acquired from a reference
run and two trial runs. Begin with the reference run. The Reference Run is
already highlighted, so press Enter to continue.

Selecting Measurement Points

Since four measurement points were specified, a selection list is displayed.

If possible, begin with the first choice and allow the program to continue to
lead you through each logical step.

Beginning the Balancing Procedure 5-11

FAST Bal II Book Page 12 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

If a Model 642 (2115/2117) or Model 648 (2120) MUX is used, the correct
channel is automatically used for each measurement. Otherwise, be sure
the correct signal input is attached before proceeding.

Each time reference data is acquired at a MPT (measurement point), an

overall vibration measurement is acquired first. These data will be com-
pared to the vibration at the rotational frequency (1xRPM). You will be
alerted if the energy at 1x is less than half the total vibration.

The electronics are always auto-ranged before a measurement to establish

the best dynamic range for the input signal.

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Displaying Acquired Data

During data acquisition, a digital read-out of the instantaneous RPM, the

averaged vibration amplitude (MAG), and averaged phase is shown.
The DATA STABILITY box judges the relative stability of these averages,
assisting you in deciding when to accept the data.
The graphic at the left plots the instantaneous vector as a line with a box at
the end. This one is within 1 degree of phase (almost in line with the tach
reference (T)), therefore it is hard to see in this printout. A clearer example
will be shown later.

When the readings have stabilized, press Enter to accept the data. If you
want to clear the averages and start over, press the Clear key.

Beginning the Balancing Procedure 5-13

FAST Bal II Book Page 14 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

After the data have been accepted, the program returns to the SELECT
MEASUREMENT POINT menu, displaying data acquired for the first
measurement point, and automatically highlighting the next data point in
the list. Press Enter to continue.

Data are being acquired for the next measurement point. Press Enter when
the data have stabilized. Notice the instantaneous vector in the graphic is
easier to see in this example.

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Data have been acquired for two points. Press Enter to continue.

Data being acquired for the third measurement point. Press Enter when the
data have stabilized.

Beginning the Balancing Procedure 5-15

FAST Bal II Book Page 16 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Data Acquired for Three Measurement Points

Data have been acquired for three measurement points. Press Enter to
continue.

Data being acquired for the final measurement point. Press Enter when the
readings have stabilized.

5-16 FAST Bal II Job Example – Standard Balance Mode

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To repeat a measurement at this time, highlight the measurement by using

the UP/DOWN arrow keys. Then, press Enter to repeat the measurement.
Otherwise, simply accept the highlighted option (PROCEED TO NEXT
STEP) by pressing Enter.

Beginning the Balancing Procedure 5-17

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Acquire Trial Run Data

Reference Run Completed

After the reference run measurement has been completed, the program
returns to the SELECT MEASUREMENT menu to select the next series
of measurements. Notice the REFERENCE RUN has been completed and
now has an [X] after it. The next logical step, TRIAL RUN 1, is already
highlighted. Press Enter to begin.

Trial Run 1 Weights Screen

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Each trial run will require a trial weight to be placed on a new weight plane.
The first screen of the trial run allows specification of the location of any
trial weights which will be present during this run. Remember, weight
plane 1 was defined as a discrete weight plane. Therefore, a “D” appears
beside P1. Also, any weight locations for this plane will be specified as a
weight position number, not an angle. It is theoretically possible to place a
trial weight of any size and at any location and get the information needed
to calculate a balance solution. However, it is best to use a weight placed in
such a way as to get a significant change in data (from that of the reference
run) and yet not increase the vibration levels substantially.
FAST Bal II provides a trial weight estimation function which can assist you
in selecting a trial weight. This function is accessed by pressing the
OPTIONS key, selecting the CALCULATOR MODE, and pressing Enter.

Beginning the Balancing Procedure 5-19

FAST Bal II Book Page 20 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Highlight ESTIMATED TRIAL WEIGHT and press Enter again.

The ESTIMATE TRIAL WEIGHT FUNCTION calculates a trial weight

which is intended to reduce the vibration levels from those of the reference
run. Data from the reference run are used along with physical data
describing the rotor to make this calculation. The accuracy of this calcula-
tion is very dependant upon the factors entered into the following input
screen.

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This calculation is for Trial Run #1 where the intent is to place a weight in
Weight Plane #1. The measurement plane most affected by weights in this
plane (usually the measurement plane nearest the weight plane in question)
is selected as a basis for the calculation. In this case, this is measurement
plane #1. Any MPT (measurement point) from this plane or an average of
data from all points in this plane may be used. If all amplitudes are similar,
use the average; however, when one MPT has much higher amplitudes, it
often gives the best results. The average has been used for this machine.
Enter the rotor weight and the radius at which trial weights will be placed.
System lag is the difference between when the heavy spot passes the sensor
and when the vibratory high spot occurs. The actual lag is unknown at this
time, but since the machine is running below first critical, 45 degrees is used
(see “System Lag” on page 6-25). There is no sensor lag. The amplification
factor is estimated at 3 (see “System Lag” on page 6-25). Press Enter to per-
form the calculation.

Beginning the Balancing Procedure 5-21

FAST Bal II Book Page 22 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Since this plane was defined as having fixed weight positions, the calcula-
tion is automatically split. It will usually be most practical to install only one
weight, and as the position is only approximate, use the position with the
most weight. The weight is only an estimate at this point, so use a readily
available weight which is reasonably close in size.

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FAST Bal II Book Page 23 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Return to the Trial Run #1 input screen. A trial weight of 6.8 grams was
placed at weight position 3. The units of weight are not specified and do not
matter as long as the same unit of measure is used throughout the process.
The graphic shows the position of this trial weight relative to the tach refer-
ence (T).

Start the machine and acquire data for Trial Run 1. Again, if the CSI MUX
is not used, verify that the proper cables are connected before beginning
data acquisition for each measurement point. The first point in the list is
automatically highlighted; press Enter to begin.

The data acquisition screen process has already been shown (for the Refer-
ence Run). Rather than repeat those screens, the screen above shows the
final readings. Press Enter to proceed.

Beginning the Balancing Procedure 5-23

FAST Bal II Book Page 24 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

All data have been acquired for Trial Run 1. For the next trial run, the pre-
vious trial weights can be left in place and a new one added in the next
weight plane, or previous trial weights can be removed before adding a new
one. Two important points: (1) add a trial weight to the next weight plane,
and (2) enter the weight and location of all trial weights which will be on the
machine during the next trial run. Pressing any key continues.

Notice all previous readings now have an [X] showing what has been com-
pleted. The next logical step is highlighted. Press Enter to accept this selec-
tion and continue.

5-24 FAST Bal II Job Example – Standard Balance Mode

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Enter the weight and location of any trial weights which will be present
during trial run 2. The weight used for trial run 1 was removed so a “0” is
entered for the weight in plane 1. The location doesn’t matter if the weight
is “0”. Weight plane 2 had 4.5 grams installed at 180°. The (C) appearing
after P2 indicates a continuous weight plane. This means weights can be
placed anywhere, or that the available positions are too irregular to be
defined (weight splits would be done manually using the calculator mode).

Start the machine and acquire data for trial run 2. The first point in the list
is automatically highlighted; press Enter to begin.

Beginning the Balancing Procedure 5-25

FAST Bal II Book Page 26 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

The final data for the 2nd Trial Run is shown. Since this is a two-plane bal-
ancing job, only two trial runs are required. These have been completed
and all trial weights can be removed at this time. If the balance had
improved with the trial weights, you could leave them in place and calcu-
late a solution with trial weights left on.

5-26 FAST Bal II Job Example – Standard Balance Mode

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Calculate Needed Correction

The program returns to the Main menu. The previous tasks are marked off
and the next logical step is highlighted. All data necessary to calculate the
needed balance correction have been recorded. Press Enter to proceed.

The correction calculation calls for the addition of 0.35 grams at position 1
and 4.79 grams at position 2 in weight plane 1. Plane 2 needs 6.6 grams at
161°.

Beginning the Balancing Procedure 5-27

FAST Bal II Book Page 28 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

To remove weight rather than add, press the Page key (2115/2117) or Page
Up key (2120).

Check Results (Trim Run) – Install Correction Weights

Press the Enter key to return to the Main balance menu.

Now, check the results of the correction and add a trim weight, if needed.
Since this is the next logical step, it is already highlighted. Press Enter to
continue.

5-28 FAST Bal II Job Example – Standard Balance Mode

FAST Bal II Book Page 29 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

First, the actual weight applied needs to be entered so this information can
be stored with the balance job. Press Enter to review/edit APPLIED
WEIGHTS.

The entry fields default to the last balance correction. However, slightly dif-
ferent weights and locations were actually used. Make the necessary
changes.

Beginning the Balancing Procedure 5-29

FAST Bal II Book Page 30 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Weights of 0.3 grams at position 1 and 4.8 grams at position 2 were placed
in weight plane 1. A weight of 6.6 grams was placed at 161° in weight plane
2. Press the Page key (2115/2117) or Page Up key (2120) to see a calculation
of the residual vibration which will result from these applied weights
(shown below).

If the actual result differs from these predictions by a significant amount,

this could indicate inaccurate data or weight placement, changing system
response due to large reductions in amplitude, or other causes of system
non-linearity. In this case, the success of additional trim corrections based
on the same data would be doubtful. The Reference and Trim Runs might
need to be repeated to establish new influence coefficients. Press Enter to
return to the Applied Weights screen; press Enter again to return to the
TOLERANCE CHECK / TRIM menu.

5-30 FAST Bal II Job Example – Standard Balance Mode

FAST Bal II Book Page 31 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Notice that APPLIED WEIGHT is marked off with an “X”.

You are now ready to check the results. Press Enter to accept the high-
lighted item.

Select the first measurement point and press Enter.

Beginning the Balancing Procedure 5-31

FAST Bal II Book Page 32 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

As the vibration magnitude drops, the phase is less stable and a few other
features of the data acquisition screen may be described. The graphic at the
left of the display now has a crosshair near to the end of the instantaneous
vector; this is the location of the endpoint of the average amplitude and
phase vector. The straight vectors without the box at the end are the min-
imum and maximum vectors which have been displayed. The minimum
and maximum vectors only display when the difference exceeds 15
degrees.

The stability graph shows the stability of the data are improving.

5-32 FAST Bal II Job Example – Standard Balance Mode

FAST Bal II Book Page 33 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

When the data have stabilized, press Enter to accept the data.

FAST Bal II returns to the measurement point selection list so you can
select the next sensor. Press Enter to acquire data for the next point.

Beginning the Balancing Procedure 5-33

FAST Bal II Book Page 34 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

When all data have been acquired for the Check Result Run, you are given
a chance to review the data before proceeding. Press Enter to proceed to
the Tolerance Check screen.

The Tolerance Check graphical display shows the phase and amplitude
changes from one measurement plane at a time. The symbols for each MPT
ID show where the initial data vectors’ end points were located. Up to two
additional points are plotted by the lines leading from the symbols. These
will show the data from the last two Check Results runs. A target circle is
drawn in the center showing the amplitude boundary equal to the vibration
specification defined under the JOB DEFINITION. It is not visible on this
plot due to the magnitude of the original scaling. Use the UP/DOWN
arrow keys to change the plot scaling.

5-34 FAST Bal II Job Example – Standard Balance Mode

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With the scaling changed, it is now easy to see the target circle. The text
shows the current magnitude at each sensor (MPT MAG), the percentage
reduction achieved when the current magnitude is compared to the initial
magnitude (% DOWN), and the present MPT’s percentage of specification
(% SPEC). For example, the inboard horizontal reading (IBH) is presently
0.348 Mils P-P, resulting in a 98% reduction in vibration amplitude (and is
currently 70% of the specification). Press Enter to see the next measurement
plane.

When finished with this screen, press Enter to continue.

Beginning the Balancing Procedure 5-35

FAST Bal II Book Page 36 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Calculate Trim Correction

Now, calculate a trim correction. That is, calculate the weight and location
of additional weight needed to improve the balance condition. Press Enter
to continue.

Since the first balance correction has reduced the balance satisfactorily, the
trim corrections will not be necessary. If they were used, these weights
would be added without removing the previous correction weights. Once
this screen is viewed and exited by pressing Enter, the Check Run is com-
pleted and all data from can be stored.

5-36 FAST Bal II Job Example – Standard Balance Mode

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Assigning Notes to the Job

Notes are usually assigned as you progress through the job. You can press
the Notes key at any point to access the notepad.

There are six categories of notes to choose from. You want to note the
reason for the balance job so start by highlighting this category and pressing
Enter.

There are several pre-defined notes to choose from. If a suitable entry is not
listed, pressing the Keypad key (2115), Alt key (2117), or Insert key (2120)
will allow you to manually enter a note. This balance job was initiated
because of an overhaul, therefore highlight the number of the appropriate
note and press Enter to accept it.

Beginning the Balancing Procedure 5-37

FAST Bal II Book Page 38 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

When a note is assigned to a balance job, the entire note is highlighted

instead of the number only.
Press the NOTES key to return to the BALANCE NOTEPAD.

You now highlight the selection for INITIAL CONDITION and press
Enter.

5-38 FAST Bal II Job Example – Standard Balance Mode

FAST Bal II Book Page 39 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

The rotor was cleaned before balancing so number 25 is highlighted.

Pressing Enter highlights the entire note showing it has been selected. Press
the NOTES key again.

Highlight PROCEDURE RELATED and press Enter.

Beginning the Balancing Procedure 5-39

FAST Bal II Book Page 40 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

This balance job was not performed at normal load. Select the number for
LOAD - BELOW NORMAL and press Enter is pressed to assign it to the
job.
Press Reset to return to the Main balance menu.

Notice the message at the lower left of the screen indicating three notes
were assigned to this job.

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FAST Bal II Book Page 41 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

When the job is complete, press the OPTIONS key and select STORE
JOB to store the job. Other jobs may now be performed or the data can be
transferred to UltraMgr.

Beginning the Balancing Procedure 5-41

FAST Bal II Book Page 42 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

5-42 FAST Bal II Job Example – Standard Balance Mode

FAST Bal II Book Page 1 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Chapter 6

Field Balancing Application Notes

Overview
Balancing is the process of altering the distribution of mass in a rotor so that
the center of rotation is at the center of the mass. Every machine will have
some degree of unbalance. Every balance job is a compromise between per-
fection and reality, governed by economics and technical practicality.
Balancing rotating assemblies in the field has several significant advantages:
• The rotor is balanced in its own bearings.
• The rotor is balanced at normal rotational frequency.
• The rotor is balanced at normal load.
• The rotor is driven as it is driven during normal operation.
• Tear down, re-assembly, and realignment are not necessary, and
• Downtime is greatly reduced.
Field balancing is not only a valuable procedure for equipment which has
seen extended service in the field, but frequently for new installations or
rebuilds, even when the rotor has been “shop” balanced. Operating fre-
quency, rotor stiffness, the bearing support and its stiffness, load, and drive
conditions all contribute to the final running condition of the assembly.
Specifications which are met in the shop may not be satisfied on-site under
final conditions. Once put into service, the rotor balance may change due
to stress relieving, erosion, buildup, etc.

6-1
FAST Bal II Book Page 2 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Extending Machine Life

Balancing only machines that are so severely out-of-balance that they are a nui-
sance or in danger of catastrophic failure is not a good policy. Imbalance is a
major contributor to decreased bearing life. The following formula can be used
to calculate the theoretical life of ball bearings:

3
C 16667
H = x
L + 6.7753x10–5 MVF RPM

Where:
H = Ball bearing life in hours
C = Capacity of bearing in lbs. (from manufacturing specifications)
L = In-service bearing load (in lbs.)
M = Weight of mass opposing vibration (in lbs.)
V = Velocity of vibration (in inches per second)
F = Frequency of vibration in CPM or RPM

Example Case:
Dead load = 1,000 lbs. RPM = 1,800 lbs.
Bearing capacity = 20,000 lbs. Mass = 13,000 lbs.

6-2 Field Balancing Application Notes

FAST Bal II Book Page 3 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Vibration Bearing Life

In/Sec Years
0.6 1.14
0.5 1.47
0.4 1.94
0.3 2.63
0.2 3.70
0.1 5.44
0.0 8.46

Note
Notice how the theoretical bearing life increases significantly
as the imbalance decreases. If your residual imbalance were
cut in half, what would that be worth to you?

Overview 6-3
FAST Bal II Book Page 4 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Be Consistent
A good, easily repeatable balancing procedure will increase the reliability
of your data and the precision to which the machine can be balanced. The
FAST Bal II system is designed to help you accomplish this goal. When
performing a balance job, CSI recommends that you complete the fol-
lowing steps.
1.····Visually inspect the machine. Use the FAST Bal II notepad feature
to attach observations to the machine data. Check for leaks, cracks,
hot bearings, unusual noises or vibration patterns, base/mounting
condition, foreign matter on the rotor, etc.
2.····Clean the rotor. This is especially important if the rotor is prone to
accumulate foreign material. Removing the accumulation will often
correct much or all of the unbalance.
3.····Mount the transducers securely and do not move, or remove them
during the procedure. Handholding the sensor introduces
unnecessary variability into the data. Magnetic mounting on a
rough surface allows sensor motion and poor coupling; stud
mounting can be expensive and difficult. FAST Bal II’s accessory kit
includes quick-set adhesive and metal mounting pads with
machined surfaces to ensure reliable attachment of the sensor’s
magnetic base. If the sensors must be removed before balancing is
complete, the metal pads provide precise locations for replacement
of the sensors. These pads may be removed at the end of the
balance job or, left for later trim balancing.
4.····Avoid confusion and possible error caused by switching cables or
moving sensors between measurement points. The FAST Bal II
Standard Accessory Kit includes a 4-channel multiplexer and four
sensors to eliminate the need to switch or move sensors (on most
balancing jobs).

6-4 Field Balancing Application Notes

FAST Bal II Book Page 5 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Note
Use the correct 4-channel multiplexer for the analyzer type
and sensors being used.

5.··· Standardize the setup as much as possible. This simplifies the

process for new users and makes later trim balances easier. FAST
Bal II accessories help you to standardize by using default settings
and color-coded input channels, cabling, and sensors. Using the
same sensor at the same location for both the original balance job
and for later trim balances will improve accuracy and ensure better
results with fewer runs.
6.··· Use repeatable operating conditions (loads, temperatures, and
speeds). Varying operating conditions during the balance process
can introduce data variability and decrease the accuracy of the
balance calculations.
7. ··· Store every balance job in UltraMgr for later reference. This saves
setup time when a machine must be balanced again and provides
necessary setup and dynamic data for one-run trim balancing.
Default, standard setups can be stored in UltraMgr and loaded into
the FAST Bal II as needed, further encouraging the standardization
of procedures.

Trim Balancing
After the machine has been balanced the first time, trim balancing (some-
times called one-run balancing) will reduce the number of stops/starts
required to bring the machine back into specification. This saves labor as
well as reducing machine stress. If you store the balance data from each job
into the UltraMgr database, you can load both data and notes back into the
FAST Bal II for trim balancing the same machine.
Similar techniques can be used for identical machines coming off a produc-
tion line. Balance the first unit and use that data to “trim balance” additional
units.

Overview 6-5
FAST Bal II Book Page 6 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Field Balancing - Before You Begin...

Since an industry-wide fallacy exists that imbalance is the most common
cause of machinery vibration, there is a tendency to do inadequate, or no,
vibration analysis before attempting to balance a rotor. If the field bal-
ancing procedure does not work, it is because the vibration analysis was not
carefully done or the rotor dynamics were not understood.
Unless using the balancing procedure itself as a diagnostic tool, never
attempt field balancing until you have determined that the forcing function
is rotor imbalance. In addition, investigate the rotor resonance, bearing
support resonance, and other system resonances to understand where the
rotational frequency is in relation to these natural frequencies.
As the operating speed approaches a resonance, factors such as amplifica-
tion and phase shifts can make the balance job difficult, if not impossible,
to perform successfully. As a general rule of thumb, the operating fre-
quency should be 15-20 percent above or below these resonances.

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FAST Bal II Book Page 7 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

A Few Basics To Keep In Mind

The following facts are principles which form the basis for the balancing of
machinery:
• The vibration caused by imbalance occurs at the rotational
frequency (1xRPM) of the unbalanced rotor.
• The vibration is directly proportional to the amount of unbalance.
Doubling the amount of the unbalance doubles the amount or
amplitude of the vibration.
• A shift in the heavy spot results in an equal shift in the phase angle.
• All weights in a single plane sum vectorially to equal a single heavy
spot.
• The amount of unbalance is measured in weight and distance from
the center of the rotor (radius); e.g., oz./in., gm/in., or gm/cm.
Increasing the weight or the radius increases the amount of the
unbalance in direct proportion.
• Rotors operating below their first critical are called rigid rotors.
These can be balanced in any two planes. Rotors operating above
their first critical are called flexible rotors and may require balance
weights in more than two planes.

Analyze The Problem

Attempting to correct a vibration problem by balancing without first ana-
lyzing the machine is like a doctor prescribing treatments for patients
without ever checking their symptoms. While the treatment may not harm
the patient, it is unlikely to cure the illness.
Vibration due to imbalance always occurs at the operating frequency (com-
monly referred to as 1xRPM). If the vibration is at any other frequency or
at harmonics of operating frequency (2xRPM, 3xRPM, etc.) there is some
other cause. You cannot correct misalignment, bad bearings, structural
looseness, etc., by balancing the machine.

Field Balancing - Before You Begin... 6-7

FAST Bal II Book Page 8 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

You may have multiple problems. For example, there may be a high
1xRPM due to imbalance and prominent harmonics of 1xRPM due to
structural looseness. The degradation of the structure may also have caused
the resonant frequency to move closer to the operating frequency. Bal-
ancing this machine without addressing the structural and resonance con-
cerns can make the balancing job more difficult due to decreased linearity
of the system response. Additional trim runs may be required and, once
balanced, this machine may be difficult to keep balanced. As a general rule
of thumb, address the worst problems first.

Caution!
While imbalance always causes vibration at 1xRPM, 1xRPM vibra-
tion is not always caused by an imbalance!

A partial list of forcing frequencies for vibration at 1xRPM includes:

• Imbalance
• Misalignment
• Bent or bowed shaft
• Cracked shaft
• Eccentricity
• Case strain
• Open rotor bars in motors
• Partial rubs, and
• Obstructions in one vane of a pump or fan.
Problems which allow an unusually high system response as a result of
1xRPM faults include:
• Resonance / critical speed, and
• Looseness or low support stiffness.
Several measurements can help you verify the presence of an imbalance.

6-8 Field Balancing Application Notes

FAST Bal II Book Page 9 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Spectrum Analysis:
• There should be a significant vibration amplitude present at the
1xRPM peak with very little at harmonics.
• There should be no other unexplained peaks with significant
amplitudes.
• If available, use zoom or synchronous averaging to verify the exact
frequency of the vibration.
• 1xRPM amplitudes in the horizontal and vertical directions should
not be vastly different (3:1), unless there is a highly asymmetrical
stiffness in the structure.
• Axial 1xRPM vibration levels should be less than radial levels (this
may not hold true for some overhung motors).

Waveform Analysis:
• The pattern in the time waveform should be very sinusoidal and
symmetrical at 1xRPM.
• There should be no truncation or sharp discontinuity.
• Beats indicate the presence of closely spaced frequencies.

Phase Data:
• Horizontal versus vertical phase readings on the same bearing
housing should be about 90 degrees apart (±30 degrees).
• The relationship between horizontal readings from end to end
should be about the same as the relationship between the vertical
probes (±30 degrees).

Field Balancing - Before You Begin... 6-9

FAST Bal II Book Page 10 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Additional tests should be performed to check for structural or rotor reso-

nances.
• Plot coastdown data (1xRPM amplitude and phase) as a function of
RPM to locate the amplitude peaks and 180° phase shifts associated
with resonances. This procedure can help determine where the
operating frequency is located relative to any resonances which
might affect the balance procedure.
• An impact test can be used to perform a triggered data capture to
acquire a spectrum of the excited structure “ringing down”. This test
can identify resonances above running speed as well as others at or
below.

Prepare For The Balance Job

Once you have determined through careful analysis that imbalance is the
forcing function and that field balancing is needed, your initial preparations
should include the following:
• If the rotor has significant environmental or process material
adhering to the surfaces, have it thoroughly cleaned. The rotor may
return to acceptable balance conditions when cleaned.
• Mount vibration transducers at each bearing. The transducers should
be rigidly mounted to the bearing, never hand-held, and should not
be moved during the entire process.
• Make provisions to read phase within 5 degrees. Take phase readings
from one shaft reference throughout the balance operation, even if
there is more than one correction plane. A rigidly mounted reference
transducer, such as a phototach or magnetic proximity pickup is
preferred rather than a strobe, whenever possible.
• The operating frequency should be repeatable run to run.
• Ensure that the vibration and phase data are repeatable. If data from
a balance run cannot be repeated, it may be due to loose parts, chips,
water soluble lubricant, rust, water, or other types of foreign matter
in the rotor.
• Ensure that correction weights are available and that you have a
means of determining the weight.

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Your goal is to ensure that all variations in phase and amplitude are due to
changes from the movement or application of weights, not due to poor
technique. Good techniques minimize the required runs and improve the
final precision of the balance job.

Field Balancing - Before You Begin... 6-11

FAST Bal II Book Page 12 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

General Outline For A “First Time” Balancing Procedure

A “first time” balancing procedure is a field balancing job on a machine
where no previous balancing data exists. If the machine had been balanced
previously, the data from the previous balance could have been loaded into
the balancing instrument so that a one-run balance might be possible. One-
run balances are discussed in “Trim Correction or One-Run Balance” on
page 6-22. Assuming the proper analysis and preliminary steps have been
taken, the basic steps for any balance job are:
1.···· Define the balance job –
• Describe the job (job number, machine ID, etc.)
• Identify weight planes
• Identify measurement planes
• Identify measurement points
• Provide number of approximate balance speeds
• Provide vibration sensor information
2.···· Acquire data from the “as-is” condition as the reference run for
each measurement point and speed.
3.···· Acquire trial run data –
• Add a trial weight to the rotor in one weight plane
• Acquire data for all measurement points and speeds
• Repeat for each weight plane
4.···· Calculate and install necessary correction weights.
5.···· Record the applied weights.
6.···· Check result – acquire data for the corrected condition.
7. ···· Calculate the trim correction.
8.···· Apply trim weight without removing the correction weight.
9.···· Check your results. Repeat trim runs as needed.

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Step 1 - Define The Balance Job

Identify The Correction Planes To Be Used

A rotor system can be balanced exactly in N+2 planes (where N = the
number of shaft criticals below operating speed). Most mechanical systems
are designed to operate below their first shaft critical, therefore, use 0 + 2
= 2 planes. Virtually all systems operate below their fourth critical; 3 + 2 =
5 planes. Frequently, however, only two balance planes are available on a
single shaft. This will normally allow an acceptable balance compromise,
even if not exact. Additional points to consider are:
• The vendor may supply standard positions such as balance rings.
• For a uniform rotor operating below the first critical, locate a single
plane anywhere for an adequate balance.
• If the rotor operates above the first critical and two-plane balancing
is being used, locate the correction planes 25% of the distance
between bearings.
• For non-uniform rotors, apply the correction weights first to the
planes with the greatest mass moments of inertia.
• Do not add correction weights at any location that affects the rotor
stiffness or modifies the aerodynamics or flow of the system.

Define The Measurement Points

You must have at least one measurement point for each weight plane. How-
ever, even when there is only one weight correction plane, experience has
shown the most satisfactory results can be achieved by placing a horizontal and ver-
tical transducer at each bearing supporting the rotor. This is especially true for
overhung rotors. Often, corrections which minimize the vibration for one
bearing can have adverse or minimal effect on the other. If possible, when
using only one transducer per bearing, place all transducers at the same ori-
entation (horizontal or vertical). While not essential, doing so will make it
easier to compare the data from all planes.
Another advantage results from using two sensors oriented 90° apart (such
as horizontal and vertical) at each bearing housing. The additional informa-
tion will make it easier to detect non-linearity between the two axes, which
could be caused by one axis being nearer to a resonance.

General Outline For A “First Time” Balancing Procedure 6-13

FAST Bal II Book Page 14 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Define The Speeds

Most equipment which is run at only one speed, and below the first reso-
nance, will only need to be balanced at that speed. However, machines
which are variable speed, or have flexible rotors which pass through critical
frequencies on the way to the running speed, may need to be balanced at
multiple speeds. If the machine is vibrating too much to run at full speed, it
may have to be first balanced at a lower speed.

Define The Vibration Sensor

This ensures the desired units of measure will be displayed by the instru-
ment and on reports. Also, when auxiliary calculations are made for trial
weight placement, it is important to know the correct amplitude units.

Note
If you discover part way through a balance job that the wrong
sensor units are being used, you can probably complete the job
using those same units. The influence coefficients being calcu-
lated for placement of correction weights will still be accurate,
as long as you do not change from the units originally specified.
If you want to change to the correct units, all readings will have
to be repeated. Calculations depend on the units being consis-
tent throughout the balancing procedure. Any data printed on
reports from the instrument will also have incorrect units.
When the job has been completed, you will need to take a final
set of readings in the desired units or, manually make the cor-
rect conversion to know how the amplitudes compare to your
specifications.

Step 2 - Acquire As-is Data

Before any trial weights are placed, the as-is, or reference, data must be
acquired. Be sure the machine is run under the same conditions (load,
speed, temperature) as all remaining runs. Let the unit attain normal oper-
ating temperature before taking any data. If the machine must be brought
to operating temperature, then monitor the vibration level as it warms.
Should the vibration increase with temperature, a thermal problem could
be causing bowing of the rotor.

6-14 Field Balancing Application Notes

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When the machine is shut down after acquiring the reference run data,
watch the vibration and phase. Record these data if possible. You can use it
to judge the presence of a resonance near or below running speed.

Step 3 - Acquire Trial Run Data

One trial run is required for each weight correction plane which was
defined. Each trial run involves stopping the machine, installing a trial
weight in a weight plane, inputting the weight and location of the trial
weight into the balance program, starting the machine, and acquiring data
at all measurement points and speeds.

Trial Weights
The purpose of the trial weight is to determine the effect on the imbalance
vectors when a known weight is added at a known location. This informa-
tion is used to calculate the influence coefficients needed for predicting the
balance solution.
Add a trial weight to only one weight plane at a time. The trial weights from
previous trial runs can be removed or left in place. However, if previous
trial weights are left on, be sure to provide the weight and location of every
trial weight still installed for the current trial run.
The goal in placing the trial weight is to cause a change of at least 30% in
amplitude and/or phase readings as compared to the reference run. Smaller
changes will result in greater error, since there is always some percentage
of change due to random variation or minor non-linearity.

Location And Size Of Trial Weight

In principle, the trial weight can be any size and at any location in the
weight plane as long as the resulting vibration doesn’t damage the machine.
However, there may be occasions when the machine is vibrating so badly,
you need to decrease the vibration with the trial weight, if possible.
Reducing the vibration with the trial run is always impressive (to any inter-
ested observers).
The following formula allows you to calculate the heavy spot:
Heavy Spot = Angle of Vib Transducer + Phase + Units Type Adj. - System Lag

General Outline For A “First Time” Balancing Procedure 6-15

FAST Bal II Book Page 16 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Place the trial weight 180° from the heavy spot. A detailed explanation can
be found in “Special Topics” on page 6-24. If the program you are using has
a “Calculate Trial Weight Location” function, you can simply input the
requested information. It will still be useful to understand the information
provided under “Special Topics.”
The next formula allows you to calculate the amount of unbalance in
ounce-inches (UB):
UB = Vibratory Weight in Ounces X Vib Amplitude in mils

The size of the trial weight (TW) in ounces is:

TW = (UB ÷ Amplification Factor) ÷ Radius in inches of Weight Location

A detailed explanation can be found in “Special Topics” on page 6-24. If

the program you are using has a “Calculate Trial Weight” function, you can
simply input the requested information.

Step 4 - Calculate And Install The Correction Weight

After placing trial weights and recording the data, you will be ready to cal-
culate the balance solution. If the weight cannot be placed at the calculated
location for any reason, determine the position of the nearest locations to
each side where the weight can be placed. Then, go to the calculator mode
of either program and use the “Split Weights” function. This function calcu-
lates how much weight must be placed at the two locations to equal the
effect of the original solution. All positions must be at the same radius or
you will have to adjust the weight to equivalent ounce-inches, gram-inches,
etc.
Trial weights are usually removed before correction weights are added.
This is done to reduce the number of unnecessary or conflicting weights
present on the rotor. However, if the trial weights must be left in place,
FAST Bal II will calculate a solution for trial weights removed or trial
weights left on.

Step 5 – Record Applied Weights

Select Tolerance Check/Trim from the main menu; select Applied Weight.
Enter the actual weights used if different from the calculated weights. Indi-
cate whether trial weights were removed or left on.

6-16 Field Balancing Application Notes

FAST Bal II Book Page 17 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Step 6 - Check Result

Using Check Result, take a new set of readings with the correction weights
installed. A comparison to tolerances and the initial data will be displayed.
If acceptable, no additional correction is required. However, you should
always view the trim calculation so that the analyzer will know to store this
trim run.

Steps 7 & 8 - Calculate And Install The Trim Correction

Go to “Trim Correction” in the FAST Bal II Program. Apply the new
weights without removing the first balance correction.

Step 9 - Check Your Results

After installing the trim correction, you will want to repeat steps 5, 6, 7, and
8 until satisfied with the results. If you cannot achieve the specification
which has been set, consider the factors discussed under “Potential Prob-
lems During Balancing” in “Special Topics” on page 6-24.

General Outline For A “First Time” Balancing Procedure 6-17

FAST Bal II Book Page 18 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Typical Single Plane Balance Job Checklist

Define the balance job.

• 1 weight plane
• 2 measurement planes
• 4 measurement points
• 1 speed

Acquire data from the “as-is” condition as the reference run.

Add a trial weight to the rotor.

Acquire data from the new condition as the Trial Run.

Calculate the needed correction weights.

Remove the trial weight and add the correction weight.

Acquire data for the corrected condition as “Check Result”.

Calculate the trim correction.

Apply trim weight without removing the correction weight.

Repeat trim runs as needed.

6-18 Field Balancing Application Notes

FAST Bal II Book Page 19 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Multiple Plane Balance Job

Many rotor configurations require correction weights in more than one
plane. In these cases, single plane balancing can leave unacceptable levels
of vibration.
A balance weight added to one end affects the vibration levels at both ends.
The primary effect is the balance weight effect on the nearest support
bearing. Cross effect is the effect of the balance weight on the opposite sup-
port bearing. Multiple plane balancing takes into account both primary and
cross effect when calculating corrections.
Multi-plane balancing is a compromise and the degree of compromise is
dependant on the flexibility of the rotor. For a uniform rotor running well
below the first critical frequency, the correction plane location is mostly a
matter of convenience (but try to have one correction plane per bearing).
If a uniform rotor is running above N criticals (N = number of criticals
below running speed) try to use N+2 correction planes. If this is not pos-
sible, locate the correction planes 25% of the distance between bearings,
measured from the bearings.
Label the correction planes in the declining order of the mass moment of
inertia at each plane, rather than sequentially. Usually the plane with the
highest mass moment of inertia is the most likely area of difficulty. Adding
trial weights to the planes with the highest inertias will sometimes solve the
imbalance before all planes are balanced.
The mass moment of inertia at the correction plane is proportional to the
weight of the rotor concentrated at that plane times the square of the
average radius of this mass. Even though the mass may be the same at two
bearings, the mass at the greatest radius is the higher mass moment of
inertia.
You must define at least one measurement plane for each correction weight
plane. Also, you must define a minimum of one measurement point for
each measurement plane. If two measurement points (90° apart) are
defined for each measurement plane, you can see if both axes are reacting
similarly. Occasionally, a machine will not react symmetrically, usually due
to significant difference in constraint between axes or the presence of a res-
onance.

Multiple Plane Balance Job 6-19

FAST Bal II Book Page 20 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

A balance correction in one plane does not correct all planes. In fact, bal-
ancing only one plane can worsen the imbalance in other planes. A set of
numbers, called influence coefficients, are used to determine how changes
in one plane affect the other planes in the system. In order to calculate the
influence coefficients for each plane, you must add trial weights to each of
those planes. One run is required for each of these trial weight additions.
You can remove the trial weight from each plane before adding weight to
the next plane, or leave it in the previous plane. These weights do not have
to be the same weight or at the same position for each plane.

6-20 Field Balancing Application Notes

FAST Bal II Book Page 21 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Typical 2-Plane Balance Job Checklist

Define the following balance job items:

• 2 weight planes
• 2 measurement planes
• 4 measurement points
• 1 speed
Acquire data for all measurement points at both planes from the “as-is” con-
dition as the reference run.

Add a trial weight at one correction plane.

Enter trial weight data for trial run 1 / plane 1.

Acquire data for all measurement points at both planes for Trial Run 1.

Add a trial weight to the 2nd correction plane. The previous weight at plane
1 can be left or removed at this time.

Enter trial weight data for Trial Run 2 / Plane 2. If the trial weight from Trial
Run 1 was not removed, be sure to also enter that weight in the data for
Trial Run 2.

Acquire data at all measurement points for both planes for Trial Run 2.

Calculate the correction weights needed for both planes.

Remove the trial weight and add the correction weights.

Acquire data for the corrected condition as “Check Result” (UltraSpec).

Calculate the trim correction.

Apply trim weight without removing the correction weight.

Repeat trim runs as needed.

Multiple Plane Balance Job 6-21

FAST Bal II Book Page 22 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Trim Correction or One-Run Balance

Using Data From Previous Job

Once a machine has been successfully balanced, this balance job may be
stored and later transferred to a computer database. If this same machine
needs to be balanced again (at a later date), the previous balance job can be
downloaded back to the balance analyzer to eliminate the need for new
trial runs.
Once the old balance job is stored in the balance analyzer, recall the old
job and perform a new trim balance. Assign a new job number to this bal-
ance and store it back to the computer for later reference.

Caution!
Exercise care when using stored balance data. Ensure that photocells
and transducers are placed at the same positions they were in when the
influence coefficient data were gathered. If the machine has undergone
significant physical changes, stored influence co-efficients may no longer
be valid; you may need to collect new data.

6-22 Field Balancing Application Notes

FAST Bal II Book Page 23 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

General Outline For A “Trim Balance”

1)··· Load the reference and trial run data from a previous balance job
on this machine into the Current job area of the balance analyzer.
2)··· Go to Tolerance Check/Trim.

3)··· Acquire data under Check/Result – enter zero for each entry under
Applied Weights.
4)··· Calculate the trim correction needed.

5)··· Apply the trim weight without removing previous balance weights.

6)··· Repeat steps 2– 4 as needed.

What if the Trim Balance doesn’t work? If applying trim weights using pre-
vious balance data results in some locations increasing in amplitude while
others decrease, or simply fails to decrease the amplitude at all, new refer-
ence and trial run data may be needed.
This can be caused by changes in the machine response since the previous
balance. This can also result from accuracy limitations due to technique or
equipment. In either case, you have three options:
a)··· Begin a totally new balance job by acquiring new Reference and
Trial Run data.
b)··· If a trim weight was placed in only one plane, you can use the first
data acquired for the “As Is” data. Then, the “Check Results” data
acquired after placing the trim correction may be suitable as a trial
run. Use Review/Edit data to place this data into the Reference and
Trial Run fields. Collect any remaining trial runs needed and
calculate a new balance correction.
c) ··· If trim weights were placed in multiple planes and the result was
unsatisfactory, use either of the Check Result runs as the reference
data and collect new Trial Run data.

General Outline For A “Trim Balance” 6-23

FAST Bal II Book Page 24 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Special Topics

Phase
Phase is the location of the peak vibration relative to a reference pulse. This
means the reference mark on the rotor has moved a measured degree of
rotation from the reference pick-up when the vibration transducer senses
the maximum vibration related to 1xRPM. The reference may be reflective
tape for a phototach, shaft keyway, or key for a magnetic pick-up, etc. The
reference pulse is generated by the strobe light, phototach, magnetic pick-
up, etc., and indicates when the rotor is at the “zero” position relative to
rotation.
Phase can be measured with a strobe light utilizing either:
• A reference mark on the rotating element and reading angles from
the stationary element, or
• A reference mark on the stationary member and reading phase
angles from the rotating member.
You can also measure phase using a reference transducer, such as the CSI
404 Phototach or the CSI 407 magnetic reference pick-up, and displaying
the result directly on the balance analyzer. Whatever method is used,
repeatability and consistency are essential.
All CSI equipment measures the phase in degrees of rotation starting at the
leading edge of the reference mark and measuring opposite to the direction
of rotation. For example, if the rotor turns in the counter-clockwise direc-
tion, measure increasing degrees in the clockwise direction.
The location (or phase) of the maximum vibration is related to where the
imbalance is located, much as the amplitude of the vibration is related to
the degree of imbalance. However, the actual location of the imbalance is
also affected by the system lag.

6-24 Field Balancing Application Notes

FAST Bal II Book Page 25 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

System Lag
The mechanical system can have a “lag” between the point where the
heavy spot passes and the point where the maximum vibration (vibratory
high spot) occurs. When using the balance program where reference and
trial runs provide cause and effect data (which is translated into influence
coefficients), the system lag does not have to be determined for successful
balancing. However, if you want to calculate the location of the heavy spot
for trial weight placement, you will need to consider system, and possibly
sensor lag. For most mechanical systems, the high spot will lag the heavy
spot. The amount of system lag will always be between 0° and 180°. Below
resonance the lag approaches 0° as the rotational frequency moves further
from the resonance. Above resonance the lag approaches 180° as the rota-
tional frequency moves further above the resonance. At resonance, the lag
is 90°.
If you have determined the resonant frequency of the machine, you can
estimate the system lag based on how far above or below resonance the
rotational frequency is located. If you have not determined resonant fre-
quency, observe the machine during the coast down from the reference
run. Record coastdown data if possible. If not, observe the amplitude and
phase immediately after shutdown. If the phase changes dramatically at
shutdown, you are near a system resonance. If the vibration amplitude rises
then falls, the rotational frequency is above resonance. If the amplitude
only falls, you are just below resonance.
If the system lag cannot be determined and the resonant frequency is not
known, estimate system lag at 90° for any calculations. If the system lag is
not known but the rotational frequency is known to be somewhere below
the first critical, estimate the system lag at 45°. If the rotational frequency is
above the first critical, estimate at 135°. These values should approximate
the location of the heavy spot within 45°.

Special Topics 6-25

FAST Bal II Book Page 26 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Amplitude

Frequency
Resonant Frequency

180
Phase

Frequency

Phase/Amplitude Comparison at Resonance

6-26 Field Balancing Application Notes

FAST Bal II Book Page 27 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Vibration Transducer Phase

Transducer characteristics will also affect the phase of the readings. As with
system lag, if you are simply walking through the balance program by
obtaining reference and trial runs, this will not be cause for concern. How-
ever, if you want to calculate the placement of trial weights or the location
of the heavy spot, the effect of the transducer or the units used must be
considered.
If you acquire data with any of the CSI piezoelectric transducers, the only
phase change to consider will be that of the amplitude units. This factor is:
• Displacement – 0°
• Velocity – 90°
• Acceleration – 180°
Since all CSI instrumentation measures phase counter to rotation, add the
given factors to the phase measurement to adjust for the type of units. These
fundamental phase relationships are the result of peak acceleration leading
peak velocity by 90° and leading peak displacement by 180°.
If you utilize a mechanical (spring mass) velocity transducer, there is a
phase lag inherent in the design of the transducer which will have to be
determined from the manufacturer or through testing.

Special Topics 6-27

FAST Bal II Book Page 28 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

The following figure illustrates the phase readings which were obtained
using three different vibration amplitude units. Both the reference trans-
ducer (a phototach) and the vibration transducer were at the same location
(0°). Although there are a few degrees variation due to the normal variation
in the measurement process, the general relationship can be observed.

Vibration
Transducer

Photo-Tach

Displacement Phase 0
333°

Tape
Heavy
Spot
R
ot
at i
on
270 90
Vibration
Transducer

Velocity Phase
241°

180 Acceleration Phase

151°

Comparing Phase Readings

6-28 Field Balancing Application Notes

FAST Bal II Book Page 29 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Location of the Imbalance

Locate the vibratory high spot by locating the reference mark at the tach
pick-up. Then, starting at the vibration transducer from which the phase
was obtained, measure an angular distance equal to the phase reading
against the direction of rotation. This is the vibratory high spot. Then move
around the rotor in the direction of rotation an angular distance equal to the
estimated system lag from the vibratory high spot. This is the location of the
heavy spot. In summary:
Heavy Spot = Angle of Vib Transducer + Phase + Units Type Adj. - System Lag

In the example illustrated below, the system lag was determined to be

approximately 15°. The vibration transducer is at 90° relative to the photo-
tach (as measured against rotation). An unbalance weight was placed at
330°. The actual acquired phase data were as follows: 255° using displace-
ment, 166° using velocity, and 75° using acceleration.

Photo-Tach
0

Tape
Heavy
Spot Acceleration Phase
R
ot

75°
at i
on

270 90
Vibration
Transducer
Displacement Phase
255°

180 Velocity Phase

166°

Units Angle of + Phase + Units - System = Location

Vibration Reading Adj Lag of Heavy
Transducer Factor Spot
Disp 90° + 255° + 0° - 15° = 330°
Vel 90° + 166° + 90° - 15° = 331°
Acc 90° + 75° + 180° - 15° = 330°

Special Topics 6-29

FAST Bal II Book Page 30 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Placement of Trial Weight

While it is usually not necessary to locate the imbalance in order to place
the trial weight, occasionally you may want to do so. Some people simply
like to try to decrease the imbalance on the trial run. On the other hand, it
may be essential that the trial weight not increase the vibration levels fur-
ther.
If the software being used has a trial weight option as part of the program,
you can simply input the required information. If not, approximate the
heavy spot by using the procedure just given and place the trial weight 180°
from the heavy spot.

6-30 Field Balancing Application Notes

FAST Bal II Book Page 31 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Amount of Imbalance
An estimation of the weight needed to offset the imbalance can be made
providing certain information is known. The total vibrating weight is
needed. This is primarily the rotor weight, but also includes some vibratory
mass contribution from the bearings and bearing pedestals. A general rule
of thumb is to use 110% of the rotor weight to allow for this effect. Once you
have calculated the vibrating weight and have the data from the reference
run, the amount of imbalance can be estimated (neglecting any influence
from amplification due to resonance) from the following equation:
Xf
Ub = w
2000

where:
Ub = the amount of imbalance (oz.-in.)
w = the vibratory weight (oz.)
Xf = the amplitude of vibration (mils pk-pk)

Use the following equation to convert velocity or acceleration to displace-

ment:

Vel(InSecPk)
Displacement in Mils (PP) = 318.3
Freq(Hz)

Gs(RMS)
Mils (PP) = 27680.34
(Freq(Hz))2

Special Topics 6-31

FAST Bal II Book Page 32 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Amplification Factor
The amount the vibration amplitude is amplified by the proximity of a res-
onance is the amplification factor. As the rotational frequency approaches
a resonance, the amplification factor increases. In simple terms, a trial
weight which should result in a 1 mil displacement would, with an amplifi-
cation factor of 3, result in 3 mils of displacement. If the amplification factor
approaches 6-8, balancing becomes extremely difficult, if not impossible.
After reference run and trial run data have been acquired, the amplification
factor can be calculated. First, calculate the free space amplitude in mils
PK-Pk (Xf):

Ub(oz - in)
Xf = x 2000
Vibratory Weight (oz)

Then, divide the measured change in displacement caused by the trial

weight by the calculated free space amplitude to get the amplification factor
(Af):

Effect of TW (Mils Pk – Pk)

Af =
Xf

Effect of TW = (Amp 2 COSø2 – Amp 1 COSø 1 )2 +(Amp 2SINø2 – Amp 1 SINø1 ) 2

where:
Amp1 = amplitude (mils pk-pk) from reference run
Ø1 = phase reading in degrees from reference run
Amp2 = amplitude from trial run
Ø2 =phase reading from trial run

6-32 Field Balancing Application Notes

FAST Bal II Book Page 33 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

How Much Trial Weight?

Divide the unbalance by the amplification factor to get the amount of trial
weight to use.

Ub
TW =
Af

Since you probably will not know the amplification factor before the trial
run, a general rule of thumb is to estimate a factor of 2-3. If the actual ampli-
fication factor is above 6, the machine is probably too close to resonance to
balance.
Example: If the vibratory weight of a rotor is 110% of 1000 lbs, we have
1000 lbs X 1.10 X 16 oz/lb = 17,600 oz.
By adding an unbalance (the trial weight) of 10 oz. inches (this is a 0.5 oz.
weight placed at a radius of 20 inches), we can calculate the expected
change in amplitude to be:
Xf = (10 oz in./ 17600 oz.) X 2000 = 1.14 mils Pk-Pk

If the change in displacement is actually 3 mils, divide the actual by the cal-
culated to get the amplification factor:
Af = 3 mils / 1.14 mils = 2.6

Therefore, if the original unbalance calculated from the reference run was
45 oz/inches, the correction weight would be the unbalance divided by the
amplification factor:
45 oz. / 2.6 = 17.3 oz.in.

Special Topics 6-33

FAST Bal II Book Page 34 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Vectors
Vectors are lines which graphically represent amount and direction. In
terms of data acquired for balancing, the amount is given as vibration
amplitude and the direction as phase.
The following polar plot can be used to graphically plot the solution from
a simple balance job. Each ring on the polar plot represents 5 mils of ampli-
tude. The phase reference is noted in degrees at the circumference of the
plot. The “as-is” vector (from the reference run) is plotted as R at 10 mils
and 30°. The trial weight run data gives the resultant vector, noted as Tr, at
18 mils and 80°. Connecting the ends of the vectors, from R to Tr, produces
a trial weight vector designated Tw.
The goal is to place a correction weight so that the Tw vector becomes equal
in weight and opposite in direction to the reference vector (R). Dividing the
length of the reference vector, R, by the length of the trial weight vector,
Tw, and multiplying the trial weight by this number gives the amount of
correction weight to be added to the rotor. The angle ø, between the refer-
ence vector R, and the trial weight vector Tw, is equal to the angle from the
trial weight location at which the correction weight will be placed. Move
the weight in the same direction as the Tw vector would be moved to point
in the opposite direction from the Reference vector.

6-34 Field Balancing Application Notes

FAST Bal II Book Page 35 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

R = 10 mils @ 30 degrees
0 Tr = 18 mils @ 80 degrees

R Tw
θ

270 Tr 90

180

Polar Plot

For this example, since the length of Tw is approximately 14 mils, divide

the length of the reference vector (10 mils) by 14 mils to get 0.714. Multiply
the trial weight by this factor to get the correction weight. The Tw vector
would have to move 97° to point in the direction opposite to the R vector.
Therefore, place the correction weight 97° from where the trial weight was
placed.
When using the FastBal and UltraSpec Balancing programs, the balance
solution will be calculated for you. However, understanding vectors gives
you a better grasp of the data being acquired and the effects of weight place-
ments.

Special Topics 6-35

FAST Bal II Book Page 36 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Example Vector Worksheet

0

330 30

300 60

270 90

240 120

210 150

180

Mach: Date: Run No.: Ref Loc:

Comments:

Run Ampl/Phase - Ø Meas Point A Meas Point B

A
Ø
A
Ø
A
Ø

6-36 Field Balancing Application Notes

FAST Bal II Book Page 37 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Potential Problems During Balancing

When field balancing does not give the desired results, it is generally due to:
• Measurement errors
• Weight placement errors
• Vibration caused by something other than unbalance
• Lack of understanding of rotor dynamics of system
If any of the following items occur during the balance procedure, you may
not be successful in attempting to balance the unit.
• Tach readings are not steady – This may result from (1) poor
speed control of the driving unit (2) process related changes (such as
fluctuating load) (3) a faulty speed reference, such as a poorly aligned
phototach, or (4) a magnetic pickup placed too far from shaft. Since
the imbalance force varies with speed, this will cause the calculated
influence coefficients to be inaccurate. It is impossible to separate
force changes due to weight placement from those due to speed.
• Trial run weights do not produce at least a 30 percent change
in the unbalance vector for at least one measurement location
– A lesser change can result in correction weight calculations subject
to a significant degree of error. Use a heavier trial weight, or different
trial weight location to increase the percentage change.
• 1xRPM amplitude and phase will not average to the same
value on repeated attempts even with long averaging times
(several minutes) – Get a synchronous average of the peak or
acquire a high resolution spectra to confirm the peak is 1xRPM. This
can also be due to loose parts. If the readings are not consistent and
repeatable, the calculated balance solution will not be valid.
• The measured amplification factor is greater than 6 – This may
be due to a rotational frequency close to a resonance which is
amplifying the vibration. Check the resonant frequencies. Slight
changes in weight size and location will cause dramatic changes in
the apparent degree of unbalance.

Potential Problems During Balancing 6-37

FAST Bal II Book Page 38 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

• Application of balance correction weights do not reduce

vibration at all positions by a factor of 3 or more – This
indicates the percentage of improvement which can be expected
based on the current influence coefficients is marginal. This may be
due to the variability of the data being greater than the amount of the
desired improvement.
• Application of balance correction weights on trim runs cause
readings at some locations to increase while others decrease –
You have probably reached the limits of accuracy possible by using
the current influence coefficients. Substitute the next to the last trim
run for the original reference run, and the last trim run data as trial
run 1. Enter the last trim weight as the trial weight. Calculate a new
correction weight and compare it with the last trim run calculation.
The precision of the solutions can also be limited by the degree of
random variability in the data or due to non-linearity inherent in the
machine.
• Small modifications (1-2 percent) in the measured data
produce large changes (20-30 percent) in the calculated
solution – The degree of change caused by the trial weight was
probably insufficient to produce accurate influence coefficients.
Repeat the trial run adding sufficient weight to achieve at least a 30
percent change in the resulting vector. This means the phase and/or
magnitude should differ from the reference by 10 percent or more.
• Inconsistent results obtained using independent solutions in
the horizontal and vertical directions – The system is not
responding linearly in the radial directions. This can be due to the
horizontal having a different resonant frequency from the vertical.

6-38 Field Balancing Application Notes

FAST Bal II Book Page 1 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Appendix A

Accessories and Product Options

General

Accessories
Part
No. Description
705 ............2400-baud modem (DB25(F) to Tele(F))
705-1.........Model 705 AC adapter, input 220VAC @ 50 Hz, output 9VDC @ 200 mA
720A .........Analyzer printer interface (DB25(M) to DB25(F))

Cables and Adapters

Part Description Input Output
No.
639...... Analyzer to computer communications cable DB9(M) DB25(M)
634...... Computer to modem cable DB25(F) DB25(M)
635...... Analyzer to modem cable DB25(M) DB25(M)
650...... Union connector BNC(F) BNC(F)

A-1
FAST Bal II Book Page 2 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Other Accessories
Part
No. Description
8BA1 ........Balancing Compass – can be used to assist in locating angular positions.
Magnetically mounted with clockwise and counter-clockwise 0-360° scaling
8BA10 ......Quick Mount Glue Kit – for temporary mounting of ground metal pads to
metallic surfaces
8BA15 ......100 416SS Mounting Pads – 0.75 inch diameter
361B .........Accelerometer – color coded red, blue, black, or grey, if requested
642............4-Channel Accelerometer MUX (for the 2110/2115)– Each channel has
numeric (1-4) and color coding (red, blue, black, and grey)
648............4-Channel Adapter (for the 2120)
726-P ........Portable Balance Scales with Calibration Weight – 250 gram capacity, 0.1 gram
readability, 9V battery, and auto-shutoff
661-15 ......RG58c/u Cable, 15 foot – BNC(M) to BNC(M); colors (specify) are red, blue,
black, grey, or yellow
8BA20 ......Set of 9 Re-usable Clamp-on Trial Weights – 0.25 oz to 2.25 oz (aluminum)

Individual Weights

8BA20-A1 0.25 oz., max recommended material thickness 1/8 inch

-A2 .0.60 oz., max recommended material thickness 1/8 inch
-A3 .0.85 oz., max recommended material thickness 1/8 inch
-B1..0.70 oz., max recommended material thickness 1/4 inch
-B2..1.40 oz., max recommended material thickness 1/4 inch
-B3..2.00 oz., max recommended material thickness 1/4 inch
-C1 .0.75 oz., max recommended material thickness 1/2 inch
-C2 .1.55 oz., max recommended material thickness 1/2 inch
-C3 .2.25 oz., max recommended material thickness 1/2 inch

8BA25 ......Balance Scales and Trial Weight Kit – includes 726-P Portable Balance Scales,
8BA20 Trial Weight Set, Allen Wrench, and Protective Case

A-2 Accessories and Product Options

FAST Bal II Book Page 3 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Customer Support
CSI takes great pride in our customers and is committed to providing the
highest standard of customer support. Our number one priority is to pro-
vide prompt and efficient service to all of our customers. To contact our
Customer Support department, please call (865) 671-4274 (4CSI). To reach
the Sales Support department, dial (865) 675-2110 and ask our receptionists
to direct your call.
To extend the level of support to CSI customers, we have an electronic mail
system which is connected through the Internet directly to the Customer
Support group. The address is:
[email protected]
Customer Support also has a Web page on the Internet. You can access it
by visiting our corporate Web page at:
http://www.compsys.com
Once there, choose the Customer Support option and a set of frames will
be displayed with general information about CSI Customer Support. There
are links to specific information such as TechNotes, MasterService Warran-
ties, and Maintenance Quotes. Also, the following prompt provides a link
to the Customer Support Web page.
Visit our Customer Service
Site for additional Customer
Support information.
Click on this option to access additional technical information and assis-
tance for CSI products.

Customer Support A-3

FAST Bal II Book Page 4 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

DoctorKnow™
The DoctorKnow system was originally developed to provide a means of
transferring high volume, ever-changing technical information to support
personnel at CSI. Because it was so successful, further enhancements were
made so that it could also be provided to CSI customers. It now provides:
• A mechanism to FAX information to the customer (while on-line)
and
• Direct access to the Customer Support Web page (through the
Internet – see previous section)

In the future, Customer Support plans to include file transfer capabilities.

This will allow prompt evaluation of customer data and/or setups. We also
plan to provide software updates (for customers with maintenance agree-
ments) by using the Internet.

Reliability Services
CSI provides a broad range of in-plant services including startups, database
troubleshooting and diagnostics. Our Reliability Services Department con-
sists of qualified individuals with experience in a variety of technologies
and industries. For information, call (865) 675-2400, Ext 2358.

A-4 Accessories and Product Options

FAST Bal II Book Page 1 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Appendix B

CSI Balancing Compass™

The optional CSI Balancing Compass™ is used to measure angular loca-

tions and relationships (an essential task when balancing rotating
machinery). In applications where the Balancing Compass can be used, it
insures greater accuracy of measurements and reduces the risk of error.
Angles can be measured some distance from each other; the Balancing
Compass does not have to be placed immediately at the plane of interest.
Degree scaling correlates directly to the CSI convention of measuring
angles and phase in degrees counter to rotation.

CSI Balancing Compass™

Suggested Applications
The CSI Balancing Compass has two opposing scales (one red and one
black). Follow instructions shown on the label to match one of the two
scales to the direction your machine rotates when running. Use the selected
scale for all readings.

B-1
FAST Bal II Book Page 2 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Case 1 – To determine the angular position of a transducer or tachometer

pick-up from top dead center (TDC), refer to the figure below and complete
the steps that follow.

Case 1

Ref Transducer
Mark

1. Align
Machine
Rotation

2. Attach 0
& Zero
CSI Balancing
Compass

TDC

285

3. Turn Ref
to TDC

1.····Align a reference mark on the rotor to be balanced with the sensor,

or place a temporary reference mark on the shaft adjacent to the
sensor for which the angular position is to be determined.

B-2 CSI Balancing Compass™

FAST Bal II Book Page 3 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

2.··· Attach the Balancing Compass to any axial face of the rotor where
it can be see throughout one rotation (end of shaft, axial face of the
rotor itself, or the axial face of anything attached to the shaft such as
a sheave or coupling). Without rotating the rotor, turn the Balancing
Compass so the indicator needle points to 0 degrees.
3.··· Turn the rotor until the reference mark is at TDC. The indicator
needle should now point to the measurement of the sensor location
(in degrees). Ensure that you use the degrees scale which matches
the direction the machine turns when operating.

B-3
FAST Bal II Book Page 4 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Case 2 – To locate the position on the rotor where a trial weight or solution
weight is to be placed, refer to the following figure and complete the steps
that follow.

Case 2
Stationary
Reference
Rotor Tach
Ref Mark

1. Align
Machine
Rotation

2. Attach
& Zero
CSI Balancing
Compass

160
* Desired
3. Turn
Location

1.····Align the rotor tachometer reference mark with any convenient

stationary reference mark (the tachometer pick-up, a mark at the
access door, etc.).

B-4 CSI Balancing Compass™

FAST Bal II Book Page 5 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

2.··· Place the Balancing Compass on an axial face with the indicator
needle pointing at 0 degrees.
3.··· Turn the rotor until the indicator reads the desired angular position
from the applicable scale. This position is now aligned with the
stationary reference.

Note
The Balancing Compass has a magnetic backing for mounting
to any ferrous metal surface. An axial face on a horizontal shaft
is required for proper application.

Caution!
Ensure that you remove the Balancing Compass before starting or op-
erating the machine!

Technical Specifications

Physical Dimensions
Diameter: 3 inches
Thickness: 0.75 inches
Weight: 93 grams (3.3 oz.)

Double Scale
0-360° clockwise
0-360° counter clockwise

Magnetic Backing
Requires vertical orientation on axial face of the shaft or rotor

B-5
FAST Bal II Book Page 6 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

B-6 CSI Balancing Compass™

FAST Bal II Book Page 1 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Appendix C

Clamp-on Reusable Trial Weights

Knurled Cup Point

Set Screw

Cone Point
Set Screw

Figure 1 – Reusable Trial Weight

Installation
CSI’s Model 8BA20 Trial Weights Assortment includes nine reusable
clamp-on trial weights. Weights are clamped on by using knurled cup point
set screws in combination with cone point set screws on the opposing side
(see Figure 1).

Caution!
As a practical matter of safety, CSI recommends using trial weights
which can be securely bolted or welded to the rotor being balanced.

C-1
FAST Bal II Book Page 2 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Warning!
CSI does not warrant the applicability or safety of using
any weight glued or clamped onto a rotor; including
those contained in this kit.

Caution!
Use these weights at your own risk! Exercise extreme caution when us-
ing weights such as these! Never allow anyone to stand in the potential
line-of-fire of a thrown weight!

Almost everyone who uses weights such as these will eventually have one
thrown from the rotor during machine operation. Information provided
here is intended to assist you in increasing the safety of the application, but
in no way guarantees use of these weights will be failure proof.
Some common-sense suggestions for increasing the holding strength when
applying clamp-on weights:
• Apply weights against an inner circumference of the rotor.
Centrifugal force will then be holding the weight against the inner
surface of the rotor rather than acting to pull the weight off the rotor.
• Apply weights so the set screws clamp behind, or over, a rim. Then
if the weight starts to slip, the set screws will be pulled up against the
rim.
• If it is impossible to follow the previous suggestions, and the weight
must be clamped to a flat outer circumference of the rotor, consider
these options:
(a) In some cases, the holding strength can be enhanced by spot
drilling indentions for the set screws to tighten into.
(b) A few small weights may be more secure than one large weight
if the holding power of each weight is approximately equivalent.
• If the trial run will require more than 10-15 minutes of machine
operation, the set screws should be secured with a screw locking
compound or jam nuts to prevent vibration from loosening the
screws. However, never leave clamp-on trial weights as
permanent solution weights.

C-2 Clamp-on Reusable Trial Weights

FAST Bal II Book Page 3 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Torquing
It is relatively easy to over-torque the screws, even when using a 3-inch
allen wrench. Once the trial weight begins to yield excessively, little, or no
additional strength is gained by additional torquing. In fact, the metal may
be over-stressed and actually lose strength. The weights are flexed approx-
imately 10 to 15 mils at the torques shown in the Trial Weight Data Sum-
mary table that follows.

Testing
A test was conducted using an Instron tensile testing machine. Each trial
weight was attached to a piece of cold rolled steel and the force required to
pull the trial weight off was measured. Figures 2 – 4 show where this mea-
sured force for removal falls when the centrifugal force generated by a spe-
cific weight at a given speed and radius is plotted. Applying these trial
weights near or above these lines is obviously unsafe. Variations in exact
weights, torques, surface hardness and condition make it impossible to pre-
dict the true limits of usability for these weights. Tests were conducted with
three configurations:
1. Knurled cup point set screws at one side with no set screws on the
opposing side.
2. Knurled cup point set screws at one side with cone point set screws
on the opposing side; only the knurled cup set screws were turned/
torqued.
3. Knurled cup point set screws at both sides; all screws turned/
torqued.
As would be expected, both the 2nd and 3rd configurations proved to hold
considerably better than having set screws on only one side. The 3rd con-
figuration usually resulted in some performance improvement over the 2nd
configuration however, it gave less consistent results (probably due to the
difficulty in getting all the set screws torqued uniformly). The 2nd test of the
same trial weight and set screws generally gave better performance than the
first test, however under repeated use, it is expected that the set screws will
eventually lose some ability to set into the rotor surface. Therefore, regular
inspection and periodic replacement of the set screws is recommended.

C-3
FAST Bal II Book Page 4 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Trial Weights Data Summary

Style Length Approximate Max Inch/ Approximate
(inches) Weight * Lbs Torque Hold (lbs) **
A1 0.4 7.4 g/0.25 oz 10 260
A2 1.0 17.4g/0.60 oz 10 515
A3 1.5 24.6 g/0.85 oz 10 530
B1 0.5 19.8 g/0.70 oz 25 690
B2 1.0 39.9 g/1.4 oz 25 1385
B3 1.5 57.1 g/2.00 oz 25 1760
C1 0.5 22.0 g/0.75 oz 30 750
C2 1.0 44.2 g/1.55 oz 30 1900
C3 1.5 63.5 g/2.25 oz 30 1615

* Weight with standard cup opposing cone set screw combination. Style
Series A using 0.25 x 0.5 (1/4 - 20 x 1/2) cup and 0.25 x 0.25 (1/4 - 20 x
1/4) cone set screws. Styles B and C using 0.25 x 0.75 (1/4 - 20 x 3/4)
cup and 0.25 x 0.3125 (1/4 - 20 x 5/16) cone set screws. These weights
are approximate and will vary slightly, especially if non-standard hard-
ware sizes are used. Accurate weighing is recommended before each
use.
** Measured pounds of force required to pull the trial weight off a piece of
cold rolled steel in a direction of travel perpendicular to the set screws.
Knurled cup point set screws torqued as shown. Cone point set screws
not turned/torqued. Given value is the lower value of at least two tests.

C-4 Clamp-on Reusable Trial Weights

FAST Bal II Book Page 5 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Figure 2 – Series A Weights

Figure 3 – Series B Weights

C-5
FAST Bal II Book Page 6 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Figure 4 – Series C Weights

1/4 " 3/8 " 5/8 "

A - Series B - Series C - Series

Figure 5 – Trial Weight Cross Sections

C-6 Clamp-on Reusable Trial Weights

FAST Bal II Book Page 1 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Appendix D

Approximate Hardware Weights

This appendix contains tables listing calculated weights of both coarse

thread (UNC) and fine thread (UNF) bolts. These tables are very useful in
any balancing procedure when bolts are used to add balance weight.
Weights have been calculated for the following bolt hardware:
• Hex head cap screws
• Socket head cap screws
• Machine screws
• Socket head set screws
All weights are in ounces. Where applicable, the weight of nuts, flat
washers, lock washers, and the bolt head are also given.
Weights given in tables are for steel hardware. To find weights for hardware
of other materials:
• for stainless steel, multiply weight by .9880
• for aluminum, multiply weight by .3442
• for brass, multiply weight by 1.0766

Note
To convert ounces to grams, multiply the weight in ounces by
28.3495.

D-1
 UNC Hex Head Cap Screws

D-2
Bolt Diameter (Inches)
1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 3/8 1 1/2 1 3/4 2 2 1/4 2 1/2 2 3/4 3

Head .110326 .183555 .270743 .405062 .654755 1.26257 2.14338 3.53732 5.1926 7.29617 9.99109 13.3147 19.001 29.394 42.1898 58.592 81.6853 109.705 142.23

1/4 .150324 .24815 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

3/8 .170323 .280447 .412565 .599055 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1/2 .190322 .312744 .459839 .66372 .997187 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

5/8 .210321 .345041 .507113 .728384 1.0828 1.93973 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

3/4 .23032 .377339 .554387 .793048 1.1684 2.07517 3.33359 - - - - - - - - - - - -

7/8 .256742 .409707 .601661 .857713 1.25401 2.2106 3.53196 5.44455 - - - - - - - - - - -

FAST Bal II Book Page 2 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

1 .283164 .45086 .648935 .922377 1.33962 2.34603 3.73032 5.71701 8.0477 10.8995 - - - - - - - - -

1 1/4 .336009 .533165 .767835 1.0679 1.51084 2.6169 4.12706 6.26193 8.76147 11.8004 15.6523 20.0979 - - - - - - -

1 1/2 .388853 .615471 .886735 1.22937 1.72221 2.88776 4.52379 6.80686 9.47525 12.7012 16.7845 21.4546 28.8266 - - - - - -

1 3/4 .441698 .697776 1.00564 1.39084 1.93359 3.21804 4.92053 7.35178 10.189 13.602 17.9167 22.8112 30.4643 44.9286 - - - - -

2 .494542 .780082 1.12454 1.5523 2.14497 3.54832 5.39613 7.8967 10.9028 14.5029 19.049 24.1679 32.1019 47.1478 65.4828 - - - -

Bolt Length (inches)

2 1/4 .547387 .862387 1.24344 1.71377 2.35635 3.8786 5.87173 8.54405 11.6166 15.4037 20.1812 25.5245 33.7395 49.3671 68.3945 92.3328 - - -

2 1/2 .600231 .944693 1.36234 1.87524 2.56773 4.20887 6.34733 9.19139 12.4621 16.3046 21.3134 26.8812 35.3771 51.5863 71.3061 96.0818 127.887 - -

2 3/4 .653076 1.027 1.48124 2.0367 2.7791 4.53915 6.82293 9.83874 13.3076 17.3747 22.4457 28.2378 37.0147 53.8055 74.2177 99.8307 132.507 171.979 -

3 .70592 1.1093 1.60014 2.19817 2.99048 4.86943 7.29853 10.4861 14.1531 18.4448 23.7668 29.5945 38.6523 56.0248 77.1293 103.58 137.128 177.64 223.927

3 1/4 .758765 1.19161 1.71904 2.35964 3.20186 5.19971 7.77413 11.1334 14.9986 19.5149 25.0879 31.193 40.2899 58.244 80.041 107.329 141.748 183.302 230.735

3 1/2 .811609 1.27391 1.83794 2.5211 3.41324 5.52999 8.24973 11.7808 15.8441 20.585 26.409 32.7916 42.1923 60.4632 82.9526 111.078 146.368 188.963 237.543

3 3/4 .864454 1.35622 1.95684 2.68257 3.62461 5.86026 8.72533 12.4281 16.6896 21.6551 27.7301 34.3901 44.0947 62.6825 85.8642 114.827 150.988 194.624 244.351

4 .917298 1.43853 2.07574 2.84404 3.83599 6.19054 9.20093 13.0755 17.5352 22.7252 29.0512 35.9887 45.9971 65.2719 88.7758 118.576 155.608 200.285 251.159

Approximate Hardware Weights

 UNC Hex Head Cap Screws (cont.)

Bolt Diameter (Inches)

1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 3/8 1 1/2 1 3/4 2 2 1/4 2 1/2 2 3/4 3

4 1/4 .970143 1.52083 2.19464 3.0055 4.04737 6.52082 9.67653 13.7228 18.3807 23.7953 30.3723 37.5872 47.8995 67.8612 91.6874 122.325 160.229 205.947 257.967

4 1/2 - - 2.31354 3.16697 4.25875 6.8511 10.1521 14.3702 19.2262 24.8654 31.6935 39.1858 49.8019 70.4506 95.0695 126.074 164.849 211.608 264.775

4 3/4 - - - - 4.47013 7.18138 10.6277 15.0175 20.0717 25.9355 33.0146 40.7843 51.7043 73.04 98.4515 129.823 169.469 217.269 271.583

5 - - - - - 7.51165 11.1033 15.6648 20.9172 27.0056 34.3357 42.3828 53.6067 75.6294 101.834 134.103 174.089 222.93 278.391

5 1/4 - - - - - - 11.5789 16.3122 21.7627 28.0757 35.6568 43.9814 55.5091 78.2188 105.216 138.383 178.709 228.592 285.199
FAST Bal II Book Page 3 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

5 1/2 - - - - - - - 16.9595 22.6082 29.1458 36.9779 45.5799 57.4115 80.8081 108.598 142.664 183.994 234.253 292.007

5 3/4 - - - - - - - - 23.4537 30.2159 38.299 47.1785 59.3139 83.3975 111.98 146.944 189.278 239.914 298.815

6 - - - - - - - - - - 39.6201 48.777 61.2163 85.9869 115.362 151.225 194.563 246.308 305.623

6 1/4 - - - - - - - - - - - - 63.1187 88.5763 118.744 155.505 199.847 252.703 312.431

6 1/2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 91.1657 122.126 159.785 205.132 259.097 320.041

6 3/4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 125.508 164.066 210.416 265.491 327.651

7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 168.346 215.701 271.885 335.26

7 1/4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 220.985 278.279 342.87

7 1/2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 284.674 350.479

Bolt Length (inches)

7 3/4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 358.089

Nut .113852 .168808 .243719 .329794 .578448 1.12977 1.90154 3.01961 4.52216 6.50612 8.43751 11.3566 17.815 27.8401 41.1983 59.3507 79.8028 109.118 133.774

Flatwas .097139 .17563 .227098 .368822 .581148 1.17463 1.67391 2.33655 2.86139 3.35178 3.97151 5.06575 5.85609 7.60815 9.58875 12.6041 14.5922 16.921 19.6961
her 8

Lockwa .036003 .063642 .100054 .149216 .209855 .395177 .645929 .988577 1.43373 1.98645 2.65973 3.47359 4.44669 7.28966 8.07892 10.3923 11.3058 12.2193 13.1328
sher 8 1

Thread/ .159992 .258378 .378192 .517315 .684865 1.08346 1.58694 2.17969 2.8551 3.60336 4.52894 5.42659 6.55045 8.87694 11.6465 14.9959 18.4808 22.6451 27.2322
inch

D-3
 UNC Socket Head Cap Screws

D-4
Bolt Diameter (Inches)
1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 3/8 1 1/2 1 3/4 2 2 1/4 2 1/2 2 3/4 3

Head .091155 .168976 .290383 .453217 .742896 1.39312 2.36579 3.62989 5.94316 8.27709 12.0432 15.7179 21.2862 32.7128 47.9496 66.7278 96.9781 126.507 162.286

1/4 .131158 .233571 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

3/8 .151157 .265868 .432205 .647211 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1/2 .171156 .298166 .479479 .711875 1.08533 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

5/8 .191155 .330463 .526753 .776539 1.17094 2.07029 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

3/4 .211154 .36276 .574027 .841204 1.25654 2.20572 3.55599 - - - - - - - - - - - -

7/8 .237576 .395128 .621301 .905868 1.34215 2.34115 3.75436 5.53711 - - - - - - - - - - -

FAST Bal II Book Page 4 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

1 .263998 .436281 .668575 .970533 1.42776 2.47658 3.95273 5.80958 8.79827 11.8804 - - - - - - - - -

1 1/4 .316842 .518586 .787475 1.11606 1.59898 2.74745 4.34946 6.3545 9.51204 12.7813 17.7044 22.5011 - - - - - - -

1 1/2 .369687 .600892 .906376 1.27753 1.81035 3.01831 4.7462 6.89942 10.2258 13.6821 18.8366 23.8578 31.1119 - - - - - -

1 3/4 .422531 .683197 1.02528 1.43899 2.02173 3.34859 5.14293 7.44434 10.9396 14.583 19.9689 25.2144 32.7495 48.2475 - - - - -

2 .475376 .765503 1.14418 1.60046 2.23311 3.67887 5.61854 7.98926 11.6534 15.4838 21.1011 26.5711 34.3871 50.4667 71.2426 - - - -

2 1/4 .52822 .847808 1.26308 1.76193 2.44449 4.00915 6.09414 8.63661 12.3671 16.3846 22.2333 27.9277 36.0247 52.686 74.1542 100.469 - - -

Bolt Length (inches)

2 1/2 .581065 .930114 1.38198 1.92339 2.65587 4.33943 6.56974 9.28395 13.2127 17.2855 23.3656 29.2844 37.6623 54.9052 77.0658 104.218 143.18 - -

2 3/4 .633909 1.01242 1.50088 2.08486 2.86724 4.6697 7.04534 9.9313 14.0582 18.3556 24.4978 30.641 39.2999 57.1244 79.9774 107.967 147.8 188.781 -

3 .686754 1.09472 1.61978 2.24632 3.07862 4.99998 7.52094 10.5786 14.9037 19.4257 25.8189 31.9977 40.9376 59.3437 82.889 111.716 152.42 194.443 243.982

3 1/4 .739598 1.17703 1.73868 2.40779 3.29 5.33026 7.99654 11.226 15.7492 20.4958 27.14 33.5962 42.5752 61.5629 85.8007 115.465 157.041 200.104 250.79

3 1/2 .792443 1.25934 1.85758 2.56926 3.50138 5.66054 8.47214 11.8733 16.5947 21.5659 28.4612 35.1947 44.4776 63.7821 88.7123 119.213 161.661 205.765 257.598

3 3/4 .845287 1.34164 1.97648 2.73072 3.71276 5.99082 8.94774 12.5207 17.4402 22.636 29.7823 36.7933 46.38 66.0014 91.6239 122.962 166.281 211.426 264.406

4 .898132 1.42395 2.09538 2.89219 3.92413 6.32109 9.42334 13.168 18.2857 23.7061 31.1034 38.3918 48.2824 68.5907 94.5355 126.711 170.901 217.088 271.214

Approximate Hardware Weights

 UNC Socket Head Cap Screws (cont.)

Bolt Diameter (Inches)

1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 3/8 1 1/2 1 3/4 2 2 1/4 2 1/2 2 3/4 3

4 1/4 .950976 1.50625 2.21428 3.05366 4.13551 6.65137 9.89894 13.8154 19.1312 24.7762 32.4245 39.9904 50.1848 71.1801 97.4472 130.46 175.521 222.749 278.022

4 1/2 - - 2.33318 3.21512 4.34689 6.98165 10.3745 14.4627 19.9768 25.8463 33.7456 41.5889 52.0872 73.7695 100.829 134.209 180.142 228.41 284.83

4 3/4 - - - - 4.55827 7.31193 10.8501 15.1101 20.8223 26.9164 35.0667 43.1875 53.9896 76.3589 104.211 137.958 184.762 234.072 291.638

5 - - - - - 7.64221 11.3257 15.7574 21.6678 27.9865 36.3878 44.786 55.892 78.9483 107.593 142.239 189.382 239.733 298.446

5 1/4 - - - - - - 11.8013 16.4047 22.5133 29.0566 37.7089 46.3846 57.7944 81.5376 110.975 146.519 194.002 245.394 305.254

5 1/2 - - - - - - - 17.0521 23.3588 30.1267 39.03 47.9831 59.6968 84.127 114.357 150.8 199.287 251.055 312.062
FAST Bal II Book Page 5 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

5 3/4 - - - - - - - - 24.2043 31.1968 40.3512 49.5817 61.5992 86.7164 117.739 155.08 204.571 256.717 318.87

6 - - - - - - - - - - 41.6723 51.1802 63.5016 89.3058 121.121 159.36 209.856 263.111 325.679

6 1/4 - - - - - - - - - - - - 65.404 91.8952 124.504 163.641 215.14 269.505 332.487

6 1/2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 94.4845 127.886 167.921 220.424 275.899 340.096

6 3/4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 131.268 172.202 225.709 282.293 347.706

7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 176.482 230.993 288.688 355.315

7 1/4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 236.278 295.082 362.925

7 1/2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 301.476 370.535

Bolt Length (inches)

7 3/4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 378.144

Nut .113852 .168808 .243719 .329794 .578448 1.12977 1.90154 3.01961 4.52216 6.50612 8.43751 11.3566 17.815 27.8401 41.1983 59.3507 79.8028 109.118 133.774

Flat .097139 .17563 .227098 .368822 .581148 1.17463 1.67391 2.33655 2.86139 3.35178 3.97151 5.06575 5.85609 7.60815 9.58875 12.6041 14.5922 16.921 19.6961
washer

Lock .036004 .063642 .100054 .149216 .209855 .395177 .645929 .988577 1.43373 1.98645 2.65973 3.47359 4.44669 7.28966 8.07892 10.3923 11.3058 12.2193 13.1328
washer

Thread/ .159992 .258378 .378192 .517315 .684865 1.08346 1.58694 2.17969 2.8551 3.60336 4.52894 5.42659 6.55045 8.87694 11.6465 14.9959 18.4808 22.6451 27.2322
Inch

D-5
 UNC Machine Screws

D-6
Machine Screw Size
4 6 8 10

Round Head Socket Head Round Head Socket Head Round Head Socket Head Round Head Socket Head

Head Weight .00643477 .0100188 .0119232 .0194111 .0197122 .0317552 .0305391 .0506217

1/4 .014603 .018187 .0242529 .0317407 .0380907 .0501338 .0541569 .0742395

3/8 .0186871 .0222711 .0304177 .0379056 .04728 .059323 .0659658 .0860484

1/2 .0227712 .0263553 .0365825 .0440704 .0564692 .0685123 .0777747 .0978573

5/8 .0268554 .0304394 .0427473 .0502352 .0656585 .0777016 .0895836 .109666

3/4 .0309395 .0345235 .0489122 .0564 .0748478 .0868908 .101392 .121475

FAST Bal II Book Page 6 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

1 .0391077 .0426917 .0612418 .0687297 .0932263 .105269 .12501 .145093

1 1/4 .047276 .05086 .0735714 .0810593 .111605 .123648 .148628 .168711

1 1/2 .0554442 .0590282 .0859011 .0933889 .129983 .142026 .172246 .192329

Bolt Length (inches)

1 3/4 .0636124 .0671965 .0982307 .105719 .148362 .160405 .195864 .215946

2 .0717807 .0753647 .11056 .118048 .16674 .178784 .219482 .239564

Nut .0192591 .034631 .0464942 .0542052

Flatwasher .00931943 .0203072 .0271764 .0352815

Lockwasher .00269291 .0045821 .00811825 .0119856

Thread/Inch .0326729 .0493184 .0735139 .0944709

Approximate Hardware Weights

 UNC Socket Head Set Screws

Set Screw Diameter (inches)

4 6 8 10 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 3/8 1 1/2 1 3/4 2

1/4 .0073019 .0108151 .0157015 .0193829 .0327567 .0504234 .0700657 .0904031 .113128 .180106 .266049 .312422 - - - - - - -

3/8 .0111859 .0166778 .0244406 .0306132 .0527769 .0827549 .11739 .155136 .198827 .29292 .399074 .468633 - - - - - - -

1/2 .0150699 .0225406 .0331796 .0418435 .0727971 .115086 .164714 .219869 .284526 .428496 .597652 .624844 .839086 1.21361 1.5385 1.9878 2.22984 2.57855 3.9648

5/8 .0189539 .0284034 .0419186 .0530738 .0928173 .147418 .212038 .284602 .370224 .564072 .79623 .897593 1.1226 1.59076 1.92313 2.48475 2.78731 3.22319 4.956

3/4 .0228379 .0342661 .0506576 .0643041 .112837 .179749 .259362 .349335 .455923 .699648 .994808 1.17034 1.47987 2.04166 2.48984 3.1638 3.34477 3.86783 5.94719

7/8 .0267219 .0401289 .0593967 .0755345 .132858 .212081 .306686 .414068 .541622 .835224 1.19339 1.44309 1.83714 2.49255 3.05656 3.84284 4.16444 4.51247 6.93839
FAST Bal II Book Page 7 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

1 .0306059 .0459917 .0681357 .0867648 .152878 .244412 .35401 .478801 .627321 .9708 1.39196 1.71584 2.1944 2.94345 3.62328 4.52188 4.98411 5.1571 7.92959

1 1/4 .038374 .0577172 .0856137 .109225 .192918 .309075 .448658 .608267 .798718 1.24195 1.78912 2.26134 2.90893 3.84524 4.75671 5.87997 6.62346 7.37869 10.8443

1 1/2 .046142 .0694427 .103092 .131686 .232959 .373738 .543307 .737732 .970116 1.5131 2.18627 2.80684 3.62347 4.74704 5.89015 7.23805 8.26281 9.60028 13.759

1 3/4 .05391 .0811683 .12057 .154147 .272999 .438401 .637955 .867198 1.14151 1.78426 2.58343 3.35234 4.338 5.64883 7.02358 8.59614 9.90215 11.8219 16.6737

2 .061678 .0928938 .138048 .176607 .313039 .503064 .732603 .996664 1.31291 2.05541 2.98059 3.89784 5.05253 6.55063 8.15702 9.95423 11.5415 14.0435 19.5884

2 1/4 .0694461 .104619 .155526 .199068 .35308 .567727 .827251 1.12613 1.48431 2.32656 3.37774 4.44334 5.76706 7.45242 9.29045 11.3123 13.1808 16.265 22.5031

2 1/2 .0772141 .116345 .173004 .221528 .39312 .63239 .921899 1.2556 1.65571 2.59771 3.7749 4.98884 6.48159 8.35421 10.4239 12.6704 14.8202 18.4866 25.4178

2 3/4 .0849821 .12807 .190482 .243989 .43316 .697053 1.01655 1.38506 1.8271 2.86886 4.17205 5.53434 7.19613 9.25601 11.5573 14.0285 16.4595 20.7082 28.3326

3 .0927501 .139796 .20796 .26645 .473201 .761716 1.1112 1.51453 1.9985 3.14001 4.56921 6.07984 7.91066 10.1578 12.6908 15.3866 18.0989 22.9298 31.2473

Bolt Length (inches)

3 1/4 .100518 .151521 .225438 .28891 .513241 .826379 1.20584 1.64399 2.1699 3.41117 4.96636 6.62534 8.62519 11.0596 13.8242 16.7447 19.7382 25.1514 34.162

3 1/2 .108286 .163247 .242916 .311371 .553282 .891042 1.30049 1.77346 2.3413 3.68232 5.36352 7.17084 9.33972 11.9614 14.9576 18.1027 21.3776 27.373 37.0767

3 3/4 .116054 .174973 .260394 .333832 .593322 .955705 1.39514 1.90293 2.51269 3.95347 5.76068 7.71634 10.0543 12.8632 16.0911 19.4608 23.0169 29.5946 39.9914

4 .123822 .186698 .277872 .356292 .633362 1.02037 1.48979 2.03239 2.68409 4.22462 6.15783 8.26184 10.7688 13.765 17.2245 20.8189 24.6563 31.8161 42.9061

4 1/4 .13159 .198424 .29535 .378753 .673403 1.08503 1.58444 2.16186 2.85549 4.49577 6.55499 8.80734 11.4833 14.6668 18.3579 22.177 26.2956 34.0377 45.8208

4 1/2 - - - - - - - - - - - - 12.1978 15.5686 19.4914 23.5351 27.935 36.2593 48.7355

4 3/4 - - - - - - - - - - - - 12.9124 16.4704 20.6248 24.8932 29.5743 38.4809 51.6502

D-7
 UNF Hex Head Cap Screws

D-8
Bolt Diameter (inches)
1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 3/8 1 1/2

Head .110326 .183555 .270743 .405062 .654755 1.26257 2.14338 3.53732 5.1926 7.29617 9.99109 13.3147 19.001

1/4 .153818 .252425 - - - - - - - - - - -

3/8 .175563 .28686 .424247 .61309 - - - - - - - - -

1/2 .197309 .321294 .475415 .682432 1.02434 - - - - - - - -

5/8 .219055 .355729 .526583 .751775 1.11673 1.99564 - - - - - - -

3/4 .240801 .390164 .577751 .821117 1.20913 2.14225 3.41989 - - - - - -

7/8 .267223 .424653 .628919 .89046 1.30153 2.28886 3.63264 5.56911 - - - - -

FAST Bal II Book Page 8 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

1 .293645 .465805 .680087 .959802 1.39392 2.43548 3.84539 5.85936 8.21861 11.1748 - - -

1 1/4 .34649 .548111 .798987 1.10997 1.57871 2.7287 4.27089 6.43987 8.97511 12.1445 16.0372 20.6908 -

1 1/2 .399334 .630416 .917887 1.27144 1.79009 3.02193 4.6964 7.02038 9.73161 13.1141 17.2465 22.1661 29.6069

1 3/4 .452179 .712722 1.03679 1.4329 2.00147 3.35221 5.1219 7.60089 10.4881 14.0838 18.4557 23.6413 31.3745

2 .505023 .795027 1.15569 1.59437 2.21285 3.68249 5.5975 8.1814 11.2446 15.0534 19.6649 25.1165 33.1422

2 1/4 .557868 .877333 1.27459 1.75584 2.42423 4.01276 6.0731 8.82875 12.0011 16.0231 20.8742 26.5918 34.9098

Bolt Length (inches)

2 1/2 .610712 .959638 1.39349 1.9173 2.6356 4.34304 6.5487 9.47609 12.8466 16.9927 22.0834 28.067 36.6775

2 3/4 .663557 1.04194 1.51239 2.07877 2.84698 4.67332 7.0243 10.1234 13.6921 18.0628 23.2926 29.5422 38.4451

3 .716401 1.12425 1.63129 2.24024 3.05836 5.0036 7.4999 10.7708 14.5377 19.1329 24.6137 31.0175 40.2128

3 1/4 .769246 1.20655 1.75019 2.4017 3.26974 5.33388 7.9755 11.4181 15.3832 20.203 25.9349 32.616 41.9804

3 1/2 .82209 1.28886 1.86909 2.56317 3.48112 5.66415 8.4511 12.0655 16.2287 21.2731 27.256 34.2145 43.8828

3 3/4 .874935 1.37117 1.98799 2.72463 3.69249 5.99443 8.9267 12.7128 17.0742 22.3432 28.5771 35.8131 45.7852

4 .927779 1.45347 2.10689 2.8861 3.90387 6.32471 9.4023 13.3602 17.9197 23.4133 29.8982 37.4116 47.6876

Approximate Hardware Weights

 UNF Hex Head Cap Screws (cont.)

Bolt Diameter (inches)

1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 3/8 1 1/2

4 1/4 .980624 1.53578 2.22579 3.04757 4.11525 6.65499 9.8779 14.0075 18.7652 24.4834 31.2193 39.0102 49.59

4 1/2 - - 2.34469 3.20903 4.32663 6.98527 10.3535 14.6549 19.6107 25.5535 32.5404 40.6087 51.4924

4 3/4 - - - - 4.53801 7.31554 10.8291 15.3022 20.4562 26.6236 33.8615 42.2073 53.3948

5 - - - - - 7.64582 11.3047 15.9495 21.3017 27.6937 35.1826 43.8058 55.2972

5 1/4 - - - - - - 11.7803 16.5969 22.1473 28.7638 36.5038 45.4044 57.1996

5 1/2 - - - - - - - 17.2442 22.9928 29.8339 37.8249 47.0029 59.102

FAST Bal II Book Page 9 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

5 3/4 - - - - - - - - 23.8383 30.904 39.146 48.6015 61.0044

6 - - - - - - - - - - 40.4671 50.2 62.9068

6 1/4 - - - - - - - - - - - - 64.8092

Nut .110848 .164277 .233594 .315759 .554826 1.08102 1.82674 2.91284 4.37518 6.23774 8.11105 10.8064 17.0478

Bolt Length (inches)

Flatwasher .0971398 .17563 .227098 .368822 .581148 1.17463 1.67391 2.33655 2.86139 3.35178 3.97151 5.06575 5.85609

Lock .0360038 .0636421 .100054 .149216 .209855 .395177 .645929 .988577 1.43373 1.98645 2.65973 3.47359 4.44669
washer

Thread/ .173967 .275478 .409344 .55474 .739168 1.1729 1.70201 2.32204 3.02601 3.87862 4.83693 5.90092 7.0706
Inch

D-9
 UNF Socket Head Cap Screws

D-10
Bolt Diameter (inches)
1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 3/8 1 1/2

Head .0911595 .168976 .290383 .453217 .742896 1.39312 2.36579 3.62989 5.94316 8.27709 12.0432 15.7179 21.2862

1/4 .134651 .237846 - - - - - - - - - - -

3/8 .156397 .272281 .443887 .661245 - - - - - - - - -

1/2 .178143 .306716 .495055 .730587 1.11248 - - - - - - - -

5/8 .199889 .34115 .546224 .79993 1.20488 2.12619 - - - - - - -

3/4 .221634 .375585 .597392 .869273 1.29727 2.2728 3.6423 - - - - - -

7/8 .248057 .410074 .64856 .938615 1.38967 2.41942 3.85505 5.66167 - - - - -

FAST Bal II Book Page 10 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

1 .274479 .451227 .699728 1.00796 1.48206 2.56603 4.0678 5.95193 8.96917 12.1557 - - -

1 1/4 .327323 .533532 .818628 1.15812 1.66686 2.85926 4.4933 6.53244 9.72568 13.1254 18.0894 23.094 -

1 1/2 .380168 .615838 .937528 1.31959 1.87823 3.15248 4.9188 7.11295 10.4822 14.095 19.2986 24.5693 31.8921

1 3/4 .433012 .698143 1.05643 1.48106 2.08961 3.48276 5.3443 7.69346 11.2387 15.0647 20.5079 26.0445 33.6598

2 .485857 .780449 1.17533 1.64252 2.30099 3.81304 5.81991 8.27397 11.9952 16.0343 21.7171 27.5197 35.4274

2 1/4 .538701 .862754 1.29423 1.80399 2.51237 4.14332 6.29551 8.92131 12.7517 17.004 22.9263 28.9949 37.1951

Bolt Length (inches)

2 1/2 .591546 .94506 1.41313 1.96546 2.72374 4.47359 6.77111 9.56866 13.5972 17.9736 24.1355 30.4702 38.9627

2 3/4 .64439 1.02737 1.53203 2.12692 2.93512 4.80387 7.24671 10.216 14.4427 19.0437 25.3448 31.9454 40.7304

3 .697235 1.10967 1.65093 2.28839 3.1465 5.13415 7.72231 10.8633 15.2882 20.1138 26.6659 33.4206 42.498

3 1/4 .750079 1.19198 1.76983 2.44986 3.35788 5.46443 8.19791 11.5107 16.1337 21.1839 27.987 35.0192 44.2657

3 1/2 .802924 1.27428 1.88873 2.61132 3.56926 5.79471 8.67351 12.158 16.9792 22.254 29.3081 36.6177 46.1681

3 3/4 .855768 1.35659 2.00763 2.77279 3.78063 6.12498 9.14911 12.8054 17.8248 23.3241 30.6292 38.2163 48.0705

4 .908613 1.43889 2.12653 2.93426 3.99201 6.45526 9.62471 13.4527 18.6703 24.3942 31.9503 39.8148 49.9729

Approximate Hardware Weights

 UNF Socket Head Cap Screws (cont.)

Bolt Diameter (inches)

1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 3/8 1 1/2

4 1/4 .961457 1.5212 2.24543 3.09572 4.20339 6.78554 10.1003 14.1001 19.5158 25.4643 33.2715 41.4134 51.8753

4 1/2 - - 2.36433 3.25719 4.41477 7.11582 10.5759 14.7474 20.3613 26.5344 34.5926 43.0119 53.7777

4 3/4 - - - - 4.62615 7.4461 11.0515 15.3948 21.2068 27.6046 35.9137 44.6104 55.6801

5 - - - - - 7.77637 11.5271 16.0421 22.0523 28.6747 37.2348 46.209 57.5825

5 1/4 - - - - - - 12.0027 16.6894 22.8978 29.7448 38.5559 47.8075 59.4849

FAST Bal II Book Page 11 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

5 1/2 - - - - - - - 17.3368 23.7433 30.8149 39.877 49.4061 61.3873

5 3/4 - - - - - - - - 24.5888 31.885 41.1981 51.0046 63.2897

6 - - - - - - - - - - 42.5192 52.6032 65.1921

6 1/4 - - - - - - - - - - - - 67.0945

Nut .110848 .164277 .233594 .315759 .554826 1.08102 1.82674 2.91284 4.37518 6.23774 8.11105 10.8064 17.0478

Bolt Length (inches)

Flat .0971398 .17563 .227098 .368822 .581148 1.17463 1.67391 2.33655 2.86139 3.35178 3.97151 5.06575 5.85609
Washer

Lock .0360038 .0636421 .100054 .149216 .209855 .395177 .645929 .988577 1.43373 1.98645 2.65973 3.47359 4.44669
Washer

Thread/ .173967 .275478 .409344 .55474 .739168 1.1729 1.70201 2.32204 3.02601 3.87862 4.83693 5.90092 7.0706
Inch

D-11
 UNF Machine Screws

D-12
Machine Screw Size
4 6 8 10

Roundhead Sockethead Roundhead Sockethead Roundhead Sockethead Roundhead Sockethead

Headweight .00643477 .0100188 .0119232 .0194111 .0197122 .0317552 .0305391 .0506217

1/4 .0150699 .0186539 .0251268 .0326147 .0386837 .0507268 .0561698 .0762524

3/8 .0193875 .0229715 .0317286 .0392165 .0481695 .0602126 .0689852 .0890678

1/2 .0237051 .0272891 .0383304 .0458183 .0576553 .0696983 .0818005 .101883

5/8 .0280226 .0316067 .0449322 .0524201 .0671411 .0791841 .0946159 .114699

3/4 .0323402 .0359242 .051534 .0590219 .0766269 .0886699 .107431 .127514

FAST Bal II Book Page 12 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

1 .0409754 .0445594 .0647376 .0722255 .0955984 .107641 .133062 .153145

1 1/4 .0496105 .0531945 .0779412 .085429 .11457 .126613 .158693 .178775

1 1/2 .0582457 .0618297 .0911448 .0986326 .133542 .145585 .184323 .204406

1 3/4 .0668808 .0704648 .104348 .111836 .152513 .164556 .209954 .230037

Bolt Length (inches)

2 .075516 .0791 .117552 .12504 .171485 .183528 .235585 .255668

Nut .0190835 .0342535 .0462 .0532068

Flatwasher .00931943 .0203072 .0271764 .0352815

Lockwasher .00269291 .0045821 .00811825 .0119856

Thread/INCH .0345405 .0528142 .075886 .102523

Approximate Hardware Weights

 UNF Socket Head Set Screws

Set Screw Diameter (inches)

4 6 8 10 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 3/8 1 1/2

1/4 .0077459 .0116462 .0162655 .0212972 .036254 .054703 .0778621 .0997693 .126718 .202491 .294847 .348047 - - - - -

3/8 .0118519 .0179245 .0252865 .0334847 .0580229 .0891743 .129084 .169185 .219212 .326498 .442271 .522071 - - - - -

1/2 .015958 .0242029 .0343075 .0456721 .0797918 .123646 .180307 .238601 .311706 .473266 .655247 .696094 .92463 1.35139 1.69266 2.22522 2.4902

5/8 .020064 .0304812 .0433285 .0578596 .101561 .158117 .231529 .308017 .4042 .620035 .868224 .986657 1.22953 1.76298 2.11582 2.78152 3.11274

3/4 .02417 .0367595 .0523495 .0700471 .123329 .192588 .282751 .377433 .496694 .766803 1.0812 1.27722 1.60819 2.24832 2.72108 3.51992 3.73529

7/8 .0282761 .0430379 .0613706 .0822345 .145098 .227059 .333973 .446849 .589188 .913572 1.29418 1.56778 1.98684 2.73367 3.32633 4.25831 4.62006
FAST Bal II Book Page 13 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

1 .0323821 .0493162 .0703916 .094422 .166867 .261531 .385195 .516265 .681681 1.06034 1.50715 1.85834 2.36549 3.21901 3.93159 4.99671 5.50482

1 1/4 .0405941 .0618728 .0884336 .118797 .210405 .330473 .48764 .655097 .866669 1.35388 1.93311 2.43947 3.12279 4.18969 5.1421 6.4735 7.27434

1 1/2 .0488062 .0744295 .106476 .143172 .253943 .399416 .590084 .793929 1.05166 1.64741 2.35906 3.02059 3.8801 5.16037 6.35262 7.9503 9.04386

1 3/4 .0570183 .0869862 .124518 .167547 .29748 .468358 .692529 .932761 1.23664 1.94095 2.78501 3.60172 4.6374 6.13106 7.56313 9.42709 10.8134

2 .0652303 .0995428 .14256 .191922 .341018 .537301 .794973 1.07159 1.42163 2.23449 3.21097 4.18284 5.3947 7.10174 8.77364 10.9039 12.5829

2 1/4 .0734424 .112099 .160602 .216297 .384556 .606244 .897418 1.21043 1.60662 2.52802 3.63692 4.76397 6.15201 8.07242 9.98415 12.3807 14.3524

2 1/2 .0816544 .124656 .178644 .240672 .428094 .675186 .999862 1.34926 1.79161 2.82156 4.06287 5.34509 6.90931 9.04311 11.1947 13.8575 16.122

2 3/4 .0898665 .137213 .196686 .265046 .471631 .744129 1.10231 1.48809 1.9766 3.1151 4.48883 5.92622 7.66662 10.0138 12.4052 15.3343 17.8915

Bolt Length (inches)

3 .0980786 .149769 .214728 .289421 .515169 .813071 1.20475 1.62692 2.16158 3.40864 4.91478 6.50734 8.42392 10.9845 13.6157 16.8111 19.661

3 1/4 .106291 .162326 .23277 .313796 .558707 .882014 1.3072 1.76575 2.34657 3.70217 5.34073 7.08847 9.18122 11.9552 14.8262 18.2878 21.4305

3 1/2 .114503 .174883 .250812 .338171 .602244 .950957 1.40964 1.90459 2.53156 3.99571 5.76669 7.66959 9.93853 12.9258 16.0367 19.7646 23.2

3 3/4 .122715 .187439 .268854 .362546 .645782 1.0199 1.51208 2.04342 2.71655 4.28925 6.19264 8.25072 10.6958 13.8965 17.2472 21.2414 24.9696

4 .130927 .199996 .286896 .386921 .68932 1.08884 1.61453 2.18225 2.90153 4.58278 6.61859 8.83184 11.4531 14.8672 18.4577 22.7182 26.7391

4 1/4 .139139 .212553 .304938 .411296 .732858 1.15778 1.71697 2.32108 3.08652 4.87632 7.04455 9.41297 12.2104 15.8379 19.6683 24.195 28.5086

4 1/2 - - - - - - - - - - - - 12.9677 16.8086 20.8788 25.6718 30.2781

4 3/4 - - - - - - - - - - - - 13.725 17.7793 22.0893 27.1486 32.0477

D-13
FAST Bal II Book Page 14 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

D-14 Approximate Hardware Weights

FAST Bal II Book Page 1 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Glossary

Amplification Factor
Mechanical magnification of the true unbalance effect.

Anchor Bolts (or Hold-down Bolts)

Bolts use to anchor or hold the machine to the base or
foundation.

Axial Float (or End Float)

Movement of one shaft along its centerline due to the freedom of move-
ment permitted by a journal bearing or sleeve bearing. This adjustment
should be set before performing vertical and horizontal moves.

Baseplate
The surface (often made of steel plate or cast iron) to which the feet of a
machine are attached. The baseplate is normally mounted on a foundation
and grout.

Baud Rate
Unit of speed for data transmission over a serial communications link. The
balance analyzers support rates from 300 to 57.6K baud.

Correction Weight
Weight required to correct unbalanced mass.

CPM
Cycles per minute. (Same as RPM.)

Cross Effect
Influence exerted by the unbalance in one plane on the vibration of
another plane.

Current Job
Job in the balance analyzer that is currently active – the one that can be
easily modified.

G-1
FAST Bal II Book Page 2 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Firmware
A term referring to the software that controls or instructs the function of the
balance analyzer.

Foundation
The surface, often made of concrete, to which the machine baseplate is
mounted, often with grout between the baseplate and foundation to pro-
vide even support.

Frequency
Number of times an event repeats in a specific period of time.

Heavy Spot
The actual location of material causing excess mass relative to the center of
rotation.

Hertz
The measurement of frequency in cycles per second.

High Spot
The location of the rotor where peak vibration occurs in response to the
heavy spot. Heavy spot differs from high spot due to system lag.

Hold-down Bolts
The bolts anchoring or holding the machine to the baseplate and founda-
tion.

Inclinometer
A device that indicates the rotational position of shafts.

Induced Soft Foot

A type of soft foot that is caused by external forces (coupling, pipe strain,
etc.) acting on a machine independent of the foot to baseplate connection.

Job
Usually identified with a number and description; represents data accumu-
lated during an individual alignment or balance session.

G-2
FAST Bal II Book Page 3 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Master
When used as a communications term, it is the unit that controls and deter-
mines when data will be transferred. In the FAST Bal system, the P/C is the
Master and the balance analyzer is the Slave.

Measurement Point
Location on the machine where a transducer is placed for data acquisition.

Mils
A unit of measure for displacement (thousandths of an inch).

Modem
A device that enables remote communications between the host computer
and the analyzer over telephone lines.

Notes
Specific observations that can be stored in each alignment or balance job
along with the collected data. These observations can be predefined notes
or user-defined notes that have been created via the analyzer’s keypad, or
a combination of the two methods.

Phase
The location of peak vibration relative to a reference pulse.

Predictive Maintenance
Technology of periodically monitoring the actual condition of machines to
discover faults, to determine probable time of breakdown, and to provide
scheduled downtime for repair that avoids excessive cost and lost produc-
tion.

Primary Effect
Effect of balance weight on nearest support bearing.

RBM
Reliability Base Maintenance – the modern maintenance management
method that integrates preventive, predictive, and proactive maintenance
strategies. This total management method not only improves detection
methods but uses root cause analyses to find and correct the actual cause(s)
of the problems thereby eliminating unpredictable failures in the future.

G-3
FAST Bal II Book Page 4 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Reference Run
“As is” condition – data acquired before any weights are added or removed.

Repeatability
The consistency (or variation) of readings and results between consecutive
sets of measurements.

Resolution
The smallest change or amount that a measurement system can detect.

Rotor
The part (or assembly of parts) of a machine that spins or revolves as a
single unit. For alignment purposes, the shafts of both machines are the
rotors.

RS232
A serial, asynchronous communication standard; a type designation for
cables that are used to connect communications ports on host computer,
analyzer, and telephone modems.

Slave
When used as a communications term, it is the unit that is controlled when
data is transferred. In the FAST Bal system, the P/C is the Master and the
balance analyzer is the Slave.

Soft Foot
A term used to describe any condition where tightening or loosening the
bolt(s) of a single foot distorts the machine frame.

Stored Job
A job that has been moved from the current job location and stored in
memory. All the data related to that particular job will then be available for
recall.

System Lag
Phase difference between heavy spot and high spot.

G-4
FAST Bal II Book Page 5 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Trial Weight
Weight placed on rotor to determine the effect of altering mass at a specific
location.

Trim Correction
Balance correction based on influence co-efficients from previous reference
and trial runs.

UltraMgr
CSI’s database management software package for alignment and balance
data.

Unassigned Job
A job that has not been assigned to stations and machines in the UltraMgr
database.

Vectors
Graphical representation of phase and amplitude as a single line on a polar
plot. The angle of the line represents phase and the length of the line rep-
resents amplitude.

Weight Plane
Cross section perpendicular to a rotor shaft where weight can be added or
removed for balance adjustments.

G-5
FAST Bal II Book Page 6 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

G-6
FAST Bal II Book Page 1 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

Index

A correction weights, adding and removing

acquiring data 4-32 4-45 to 4-46
adding and removing correction weights current job 4-2
4-45 to 4-46
adding trial weights 4-42 to 4-43 D
alphanumeric keys 3-19 data
amplification factor 6-32 acquiring 4-32
analysis, problem 6-7 reference 6-14
angle (deg TDC) 4-19 default setup 4-23
assigned job 4-2 defining a job 4-8
defining balance jobs 4-12 to 4-25
B defining balance sensors 4-20
balance defining measurement points 4-22
main menu 4-8 defining tach options 4-19
menu maps 4-5 to 4-6 deleting jobs 4-53
balance mode 4-10 discrete weight plane 4-17
basic 4-10 download procedure 2-1
basic, configuration 4-28
basic, rotation direction 4-28 F
standard 4-10 FAST Bal II menu maps 4-5 to 4-6
balance options menu 4-51 to 4-61 fixed weights 4-25
balance report example 4-72 front panel 3-4
balance sensors, defining 4-20 function keys 3-10
balancing
general outline 4-7
overview 6-1
G
battery general outline, balancing 4-7
charger 3-3
bearing life 6-2 H
help key 3-11, 3-17
C
calculator mode 4-57 I
channel 4-21 imbalance 6-5, 6-29, 6-31
checking balance results 4-48 to 4-49 input channel 4-21
clearing jobs 4-14
combining weights 4-59 J
control keys 3-12 job # 4-14
correction weights 4-8 job definition 4-8

I-1
FAST Bal II Book Page 2 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

job definitions 4-11 L

jobs losing transducer signal 4-33
assigned 4-2
clearing 4-14 M
current 4-2
machine
defining 4-11 to 4-18
desc 4-14
definition screens 4-12
ID 4-14
definitions 4-2
machine life 6-2
deleting 4-53
main menu, balance 4-8
modifying 4-53
making a measurement 4-8
stored 4-2
manual, organization of the 1-1
storing and recalling 4-52 to 4-53
measurement
types of 4-2
planes 4-17
unassigned 4-2
points 4-17
speed 4-17
K measurement points
key default settings 4-23
Activity LED 3-9 defining 4-21, 6-13
alphanumeric 3-19 measurement, making 4-8
Analyze 3-11 menu item selection 3-17
Back 3-13 menu maps 4-5 to 4-6
Clr 3-14 Model 2110/2115
Enter 3-12 front panel 3-6, 3-16
Exp 3-14 modifying a job 4-53
Help 4-85 multiple plane balancing 6-19
Insert 3-13 MUX 4-21
Keypad (Help Key) 3-11 enabled 4-21
Left/Right Arrows 3-13 enabled, auto 4-21
Notes 3-11
Off Route 3-11 N
Page 3-14, 3-17
notepad
Print 3-13
machine out of service 4-85
Reset 3-12
screen 4-78
Space 3-15, 3-16
notes
Up/Down Arrows 3-12
creating user-defined 4-84
Utility 3-10
pre-defined 4-78
storing 4-83
numerical entry 3-20

I-2
FAST Bal II Book Page 3 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

O sum weights function 4-59

options menu, balance 4-51 system lag 6-25

P T
phase 6-24, 6-27 tach options
plane angle (TDC) 4-19
correction 6-13 defining 4-19
measurement 4-17 delta 4-19
multiple 6-19 tach signal input 3-3
weight 6-13 taking reference run data 4-35
primary effect 6-19 tolerance check/trim 4-9
printing 4-67 trial
problem analysis 6-7 run 6-15
weights 6-30, 6-33
R trial weights, adding 4-42 to 4-43
trim balancing 4-9, 6-5, 6-22
reference run data, taking 4-35, 6-14
troubleshooting 6-37
reset key 3-12
response fields 3-17
rotation 4-19 U
RPM out of tolerance warning 4-34 UltraMgr/FAST Bal II
RPM reference 4-19 additional concepts 4-3
RS232 3-3 operating cases 4-2 to 4-3
RS232 port 3-2 overview 4-1 to 4-4
runout 4-18 unassigned job 4-2
unbalance
S (also see imbalance) 6-7
user 4-14
sensor 4-20
utility key 3-10
sensor types 4-20
shaft # 4-15
spec 4-15 V
speeds, defining 6-14 vectors 6-34
split weight function 4-58
splitting weights 4-58 W
static/couple 4-61 weight plane, defining 4-26
station description 4-14 weights
stored job 4-2 adding 4-50
storing and recalling jobs 4-52 to 4-53 applied 4-47
subtract runout 4-18

I-3
FAST Bal II Book Page 4 Thursday, November 18, 1999 9:06 AM

combining 4-59
correction 4-8, 4-45
fixed 4-25
splitting 4-58
trial 6-15, 6-30, 6-33
trim 4-50

I-4