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ASSIGNMENT

LEVEL - I
1. Let O and H denote the circumcenter and orthocenter of an acute ∆ABC, respectively. Show that
∠BAH = ∠CAO.

2. If the incircle of a right angled triangle ABC, touches the hypotenuse AC at K. Then prove that the
c+a −b
area of right angle triangle is the product of CK and AK. Also prove that inradius is .
2
1 1 1 1
3. In ∆ABC, prove that + + =
ra rb rc r
4. If x, y, z are perpendiculars from the circumcentre to the sides BC, AC and AB of the ∆ABC
a b c abc
respectively. Prove that + + = .
x y z 4xyz
5. Let ABC be a triangle with IA. IB and Ic as excentres Prove that triangle IAIBIC has orthocenter I and
that triangle ABC is its orthic triangle.
6. Let ABC be a triangle. The incircle of ABC is tangent to AB and AC at D and E respectively. Let O
denote the circumcenter of BCI. Prove that ∠ODB = ∠OEC.
7. Find the distance between the incentre and ex-centres of ∆ABC.
8. A Circle w through the incentre I of the triangle ABC and tangent to AB at A, intersects the segment
BC at D and the extension of BC at E. Prove that the line IC intersects w at a point M such that MD
= ME
9. In cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, points X and Y are the orthocenters of ABC and BCD. Show that
AXYD is a parallelogram.
10. Find the area, circumradius and inradius of the orthic triangle of ∆ABC.
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LEVEL - II
11. If I is the incentre of a ∆ABC and if AI meets the circumcircle in K prove that KI = KB
12. Tangents are parallel to the three sides are drawn to the incircle. If x, y, z are the lengths of the parts
of the tangents with in the triangle then prove that
x y z
+ + =1
a b c
13. AB is a chord of a circle, which is not a diameter. Chords A1B1 and A2B2 intersect at the mid-point P
of AB. Let the tangents to the circle at A1 and B1 intersect at C1. Similarly, let the tangents to the
circle at A2 and B2 intersect at C2 prove that C1C2 is parallel to AB
14. If H is the orthocentre of ∆ABC. Prove that the radii of the circles circumscribing the triangles BHC,
CHA, AHB, ABC are all equal.
15. Find the distance between the circumcentre and excentre.
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Video Solutions Links

1 https://youtu.be/iB0PJ0ybTZ0
2 https://youtu.be/qVg0otMYesA
3 https://youtu.be/8NBrSCiNSPM
4 https://youtu.be/90alu90XFKw
5 https://youtu.be/-GLrkwg1p1A
6 https://youtu.be/aigpDqdcUS4
7 https://youtu.be/sUuU0veQY7o
8 https://youtu.be/cOddFg3b_dg
9 https://youtu.be/9k_EC9Sr3PU
10 https://youtu.be/32yVNnfkAO0
11 https://youtu.be/Rr5b9mK67M4
12 https://youtu.be/JHd8Dx51o3o
13 https://youtu.be/dmPtmLddD98
14 https://youtu.be/V989UsIvHHE
15 https://youtu.be/MoYHLRiwqD0

Solutions
LEVEL - I
1. Let O and H denote the circumcenter and orthocenter of an acute ∆ABC, respectively. Show that
∠BAH = ∠CAO.

Sol. AOC = 2B

OAC = ½(180 – 2B) = 90 - B
BAH = 90 - B
 BAH = AOC
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2. If the incircle of a right angled triangle ABC, touches the hypotenuse AC at K. Then prove that the
c+a −b
area of right angle triangle is the product of CK and AK. Also prove that inradius is .
2
Sol.

CK = s –c, AK = s – a
 a + b − c  b + c − a 
CK.AK =   
 2  2 

=
1
4
( a + b2 − (c − a)2 )
= ( b2 − (c2 + a 2 − 2ca) ) = ( b 2 − (b 2 − 2ca) )
1 1
4 4
1
= ca = [ABC]
2
c+a −b
(ii) r = s – b =
2
1 1 1 1
3. In ∆ABC, prove that + + =
ra rb rc r
1 1 1 s−a s−b s−c
Sol. + + = + +
ra rb rc   
3S − ( a + b + c ) 3s − 2s
= =
 
s 1
= =
 r

4. If x, y, z are perpendiculars from the circumcentre to the sides BC, AC and AB of the ∆ABC
a b c abc
respectively. Prove that + + = .
x y z 4xyz
Sol.
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 1 1 1
[DEF] == yz sin(180 − A) + xz sin(180 − B) + yx sin(180 − C)
4 2 2 2
abc 1  SinA SinB SinC 
= xyz  + + 
16R 2  x y z 
abc  2RSinA 2RSinB 2RSinC 
= + + 
4xyz  x y z 
abc  a b c 
= + + 
4xyz  x y z 

5. Let ABC be a triangle with IA. IB and Ic as excentres Prove that triangle IAIBIC has orthocenter I and
that triangle ABC is its orthic triangle.
Sol.

2x + 2y = 180
⇒ x+y = 90
⇒ IbB⊥IcIa
Similarly IcC⊥IbIa & IaA⊥IcIb
⇒ I is orthocentre and ABC is its orthic triangle.

6. Let ABC be a triangle. The incircle of ABC is tangent to AB and AC at D and E respectively. Let O
denote the circumcenter of BCI. Prove that ∠ODB = ∠OEC.

Sol.
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It can be proved that O lies on circum circle of ABC.

O lies on line AI. Now AI is an angle bisector and AD = AE, so it follows that ADO  AEO, so
ADO = AEO and hence BDO = OEC.

7. Find the distance between the incentre and ex-centres of ∆ABC.

Sol.

We know that AE = s, AD = s − a ⇒ DE = s − (s − a) = a
⇒ IF = a
In ∆llaF,
A II ll
sec = = a
2 lF a
A
lla = a sec
2

8. A Circle w through the incentre I of the triangle ABC and tangent to AB at A, intersects the segment
BC at D and the extension of BC at E. Prove that the line IC intersects w at a point M such that MD
= ME
Sol. Join AD, ID, IA and AE. Let IE intersect AC at N. We have IAN = IAB = IEA so that the
triangles NIA and AIE are similar. Thus ANI = EAI = IDB. Also DCI = NCI. Therefore,
the triangles DCI and NCI are congruent. Hence DIC = NIC implying MD = ME.
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9. In cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, points X and Y are the orthocenters of ABC and BCD. Show that
AXYD is a parallelogram.
Sol. Let the reflections of X and Y over BC be X' and Y'.

As we have reflected the orthocenters over the sides, we find that X' and Y’ lie on the circumcircle to
 of ABCD. Thus we find that X’Y’ = XY. It is also clear that AX ' DY ' Therefore, we have a
cyclic trapezoid AX'Y'D, meaning X'Y’ = AD as well. Consequently. AD = XY.
Therefore, we have AX DY and AD = XY. Hence AXYD is either a parallelogram or a trapezoid.
Actually, since AD is the reflection of X1Y1 across the diameter of  parallel to BC , while XY is
the reflection of X1Y1 over BC , it follows that we must be in the parallelogram case.

10. Find the area, circumradius and inradius of the orthic triangle of ∆ABC.

Sol. Since area of ∆

= 1/2 (Product of the sides) × Sine of the included angle
[XYZ] = 1/2 XY.XZ sin YXZ
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= 1/2R sin 2C. R sin 2B sin(180°-2A)

= 1/2 R2sin2A sin2B sin2C
YZ R sin 2A R
Circumradius = = =
2sin YXZ 2sin (180 − 2A ) 2
That is, circumradius of orthic triangle is half the circumradius of ∆ABC

The inradius of the orthic XYZ =

 XYZ
Semi perimeter
1 R 2 sin 2A sin 2Bsin 2C
=
2 2R sin A sin Bsin C
=2R cosA cosB cosC
Thus for orthic triangle
1
Area = R 2 sin 2A sin 2Bsin 2C
2
R
Circumradius =
2
In radius = 2R cosA.cosB.cosC

LEVEL - II
11. If I is the incentre of a ∆ABC and if AI meets the circumcircle in K prove that KI = KB
Sol.

I is the incentre of ∆ABC, ∠IAB = (1/2)∠A, ∠IBA = (1/2) ∠B

∠KBC = ∠KAC = (1/2) ∠A (1).
Also In ∆ABI by exterior ∠property
1
IBK = IBC + CBK = ( A + B )
2
∠BIK = ∠IAB + ∠IBA = A/2 + B/2 (2)
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In ∆IBK, ∠IBK = ∠BIK = 1/2(∠A + ∠B) (From Eqs. (1) and (2))
∴ KI = KB
Note: Angle bisector ∠A and ⊥ bisector of BC meet at the circumcircle. So K lies on the
perpendicular bisector of BC ∴ KB = KC
Also IIa is the diameter of circumcircle of triangle IBIa, where Ia is the excentre as IBIa = 90°. Since
mid-pint of the hypotenuse is equidistance from the vertices , KI = KB = IaK = KC

12. Tangents are parallel to the three sides are drawn to the incircle. If x, y, z are the lengths of the parts
of the tangents with in the triangle then prove that
x y z
+ + =1
a b c
Sol. Let PQ = x, PQ | | BC
SR = y, SR | | CA
TU = z, TU | | AB

We know that AF = AE = s – a
Also AF = AP + PF = AP + PL
And AE = AQ + QE = AQ + QL
⇒ Perimeter of ∆APQ = 2AE = 2
(s − a) We can see that ∆APQ ∼ ∆ABC
PQ Perimeter or APQ 2 ( s − a )
= =
BC Perimeter of ABC 2s
x s−a
 =
a s
y s−b z s−c
Similarly = and =
b s c s
On adding, we get
x y z
+ + =1
a b c

13. AB is a chord of a circle, which is not a diameter. Chords A1B1 and A2B2 intersect at the mid-point P
of AB. Let the tangents to the circle at A1 and B1 intersect at C1. Similarly, let the tangents to the
circle at A2 and B2 intersect at C2 prove that C1C2 is parallel to AB
Sol.
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Let O be the centre of the circle, let OC1 intersects A1B1 at M, let OC2 intersects A2B2 at N, and let
also OC1 intersects AB at K Clearly, OM and ON are respectively the perpendicular bisectors of
A1B1 and A2B2
So, OMP = ONP = 90° , saying that O,M,P,N are concyclic
 ONM = OPM = 90° –MOP = OKA (1)
Clam M,C1,C2 ,N ARE concyclic
Proof of claim : As OA1C1 and OB2C2 are right angled triangles,
OM  C1 = OA12 = OB22 = ON  OC2
Or OM  OC1 = ON  OC2
 M, C1,C2 N are concyclic (by the converse of interesting chords theorem)
Now,  OC1C2 = ONM (As M, C1,C2,N are concyclic)
 OC1C2 = OKA (From Eq.(1))
 C1C2 ||AB
14. If H is the orthocentre of ∆ABC. Prove that the radii of the circles circumscribing the triangles BHC,
CHA, AHB, ABC are all equal.
Sol. Since ∠BHC = 180° − ∠A
∠AHC = 180° − ∠B
∠AHB = 180° − ∠C
Let R1 is the radius of the circumcircle of DBHC
BC BC
∴ R1 = = =R
2sin BHC 2sin (180 − A )
AC
R2 = =R
2sin B
AB
R3 = =R
2sin C
 R1 = R 2 = R 3 = R
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Where R1, R2, R3 and R are the circumradii of ∆s BHC, AHC, AHB and ∆ABC

15. Find the distance between the circumcentre and excentre.

Sol. Let O be the circumcentre and I be the incentre then AI produced passes through the excentre I
Let AI meets the circumcircle in D
Join CI, BI, CD, BD, Cia, BIa
We know that DB = DC = DI = DI (From previous problem)
In ∆BCI
BC
Circumdiameter IIa =
sin Bla C
a
lla =
 A
sin  90 − 
 2
2R sin A
2DIa =
A
( As IIa 2Dla )
cos
2
a 2R sin A
 Dla = =
A A
2 cos 2 cos
2 2
A
 Dla = 2R sin
2

By writing power of the point Ia with respect to circumcircle of ∆ABC, we get

IaQ. IaP = IaD. IaA
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A A
 ( Ia O − R )( Ia O + R ) = 2R sin .ra cos ec
2 2
 Ola2 − R 2 = 2Rra
 Ola2 − R 2 + Rra

 Ola2 = R 2 + 2R a

Similarly, OlB = R + 2Rrb and Olc = R + 2R c

2 2