Topic 4 Part 1 [219 marks]

[1 mark]
1a.
Markscheme
H0 : Choice of morning snack is independent of (not dependent on) gender. (A1) (C1)

Note: Accept there is “no association” between snack chosen and gender.

Do not accept “not related” or “not correlated” or “influenced”.

Examiners report
[N/A]

[1 mark]
1b.
Markscheme
2 (A1) (C1)

Examiners report
[N/A]

[2 marks]
1c.
Markscheme
210×150
(M1)
350
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution in the correct formula.

= 90 (A1) (C2)

Examiners report
[N/A]

1d. [2 marks]
Markscheme
Null hypothesis is accepted (not rejected). (A1)

OR

Choice of morning snack is independent of gender (A1)

3.576 < 5.99 OR χ2calc < χ2crit (R1) (C2)

Note: Do not award (A1)(R0).

Examiners report
[N/A]
2a. [2 marks]
Markscheme

(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correctly shaded area.

0.952 (95.2%, 0.952209 …) (A1) (C2)

Examiners report
[N/A]

[2 marks]
2b.
Markscheme
31 × (1 − 0.952209) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for multiplying

31 by (1 − their answer to part (a)).

= 1.48 (1.48150 …) (A1)(ft) (C2)

Note: Follow through from part (a).

Examiners report
[N/A]

[2 marks]
2c.
Markscheme

(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correctly shaded area.

32.4 (32.4267 …) (A1) (C2)

Examiners report
[N/A]
 [4 marks]
3a.
Markscheme
(i) −0.998 (−0.997770 …) (A2)

Note: Award (A0)(A1) for 0.998(0.997770 …).

Award (A1)(A0) for −0.997.

(ii) y = −0.470x + 81.7 (y = −0.469713 … x + 81.7279 …) (A1)(A1) (C4)

Note: Award a maximum of (A0)(A1) if the answer is not an equation.

Examiners report
In part (a)(i), the majority of candidates knew how to calculate Pearson’s correlation coefficient using their GDC. The
most common errors were incorrect rounding and omitting the – sign. In part (a)(ii) many candidates correctly found
the equation of the regression line, again with rounding errors being the most common. A very common error was to
use the second list as the frequency for the statistics.

[2 marks]
3b.
Markscheme
−0.469713 … (28) + 81.7279 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution of 28 into their equation of regression line.

= 68.6 (mosquitoes) (68.5759 …) (A1)(ft) (C2)

Note: Accept 68 or 69 or 68.5(4) from use of 3 sf values.

Follow through from part (a)(ii).

Examiners report
In part (b) substitution of 28 in the regression line was done correctly by many candidates. Candidates seemed to be
well prepared for this type of question.

[2 marks]
4a.
Markscheme

(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for approximate curve with 990 and 1004 in correct place.

0.835 (0.835135 … , 83.5%) (A1) (C2)

 Examiners report
A significant number of candidates did not answer this question. It was very rare that a correct method was shown for
any of the parts of this question. Often a normal distribution graph was drawn with indication of the mean and
multiples of the standard deviation, with indication of the corresponding probabilities, but not a diagram identifying
the area under the curve corresponding to the questions. There were however many correct answers for part (a). For
part (b) many answered incorrectly; the most common incorrect answer was 1008, resulting from adding 2 sd to the
mean. Very few correct answers were given for part (c).

[2 marks]
4b.
Markscheme

(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for approximate curve with k placed to the right of the mean.

1010 (1006.57 …) (A1) (C2)

Note: Award full marks only for 1010, 1007 or an answer with more than 4 sf resulting from correct rounding of
1006.57....

Examiners report
A significant number of candidates did not answer this question. It was very rare that a correct method was shown for
any of the parts of this question. Often a normal distribution graph was drawn with indication of the mean and
multiples of the standard deviation, with indication of the corresponding probabilities, but not a diagram identifying
the area under the curve corresponding to the questions. There were however many correct answers for part (a). For
part (b) many answered incorrectly; the most common incorrect answer was 1008, resulting from adding 2 sd to the
mean. Very few correct answers were given for part (c).
 [2 marks]
4c.
Markscheme

(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for some indication of symmetry on diagram.

OR

P(W < 1000 − a) = 0.05 OR P(W > 1000 + a) = 0.05 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for probability with single inequality resulting from symmetry of diagram.

(a =) 6.58 (6.57941 …) (A1) (C2)

Examiners report
A significant number of candidates did not answer this question. It was very rare that a correct method was shown for
any of the parts of this question. Often a normal distribution graph was drawn with indication of the mean and
multiples of the standard deviation, with indication of the corresponding probabilities, but not a diagram identifying
the area under the curve corresponding to the questions. There were however many correct answers for part (a). For
part (b) many answered incorrectly; the most common incorrect answer was 1008, resulting from adding 2 sd to the
mean. Very few correct answers were given for part (c).

5a. [1 mark]
Markscheme
H0 the type of Latin dance the viewer prefers is independent of their age (A1) (C1)

Notes: Accept “not dependent” or “not associated”. Do not accept “not correlated” or “not related” or “not
connected”.

Examiners report
[N/A]

[1 mark]
5b.
Markscheme
18 (A1) (C1)

Examiners report
[N/A]
5c. [2 marks]
Markscheme
p = 0.0876 (0.0875813 …) (A2) (C2)

Notes: Award (A2) for 0.088.

Award (A1)(A0) for an answer of 0.0875.

Examiners report
[N/A]

5d. [2 marks]
Markscheme
0.05 < their p-value (R1)

the producer’s claim is justified (A1)(ft) (C2)

Notes: Do not award (R0)(A1)(ft). Follow through from their answer to (c). If there is no answer in part (c), award
(R1)(A0) for stating the relationship between the independence and the p-value compared to 0.05.

If (R1) is awarded, award (A1)(ft) for the answer ‘yes’ or the answer ‘no’ if it is consistent with their reasoning.

Similarly, allow ‘accept H0 ’ or ‘reject H0 ’ if consistent with their reasoning.

Award (R0) for comparing p with the critical value.

Examiners report
[N/A]

[2 marks]
6a.
Markscheme

(A1)(M1) (C2)

Notes: Award (A1) for the vertical line labelled as 175 (cm).
Award (M1) for a vertical line drawn to the left of the mean with the area to the left of this line shaded.

Accept (−)1 sd marked on the diagram for 175 (provided line is to the left of the mean).

Examiners report
[N/A]
 [4 marks]
6b.
Markscheme
(i) 185 (cm) (A1)(C1)

(ii) P(length > 185) (A1)(M1)

Note: Award (A1) for the vertical line labelled as 185 (cm).
Award (M1) for a vertical line drawn to the right of the mean with the area to the right of this line shaded.

Accept 1 sd marked on the diagram for 185 (provided line is to the right of the mean).

= 0.159 (0.158655 …) (A1) (C3)

Examiners report
[N/A]

[2 marks]
7a.
Markscheme
(i)
H0 age and opinion (about the reduction) are independent. (A1)

Notes: Accept “not associated” instead of independent.

(ii)
H1 age and opinion are not independent. (A1)(ft)

Notes: Follow through from part (a)(i). Accept “associated” or “dependent”.

Award (A1)(ft) for their correct

H1 worded consistently with their part (a)(i).

Examiners report
The great majority of candidates found this question to be a good start to the paper, with many perfect scores
accruing. A common problem was the inability to form consistent null and alternative hypotheses. Also, calculating the
expected value “by hand” as part of a “show that” question was left blank by a number of candidates; to reiterate
again – to attain full marks, both the unrounded and the consistent and correctly rounded answer must be stated.

And, lastly, incorrect comparison of statistics when forming a conclusion was a common fault.

[1 mark]
7b.
Markscheme
2 (A1)

Examiners report
The great majority of candidates found this question to be a good start to the paper, with many perfect scores
accruing. A common problem was the inability to form consistent null and alternative hypotheses. Also, calculating the
expected value “by hand” as part of a “show that” question was left blank by a number of candidates; to reiterate
again – to attain full marks, both the unrounded and the consistent and correctly rounded answer must be stated.

And, lastly, incorrect comparison of statistics when forming a conclusion was a common fault.
 [2 marks]
7c.
Markscheme
80 35 80×35
130
× 130
× 130 OR
130
(M1)

80 35
Note: Award (M1) for
130
× 130 × 130 OR
80×35
seen. The following (A1) cannot be awarded without this statement.
130

= 21.5384 … (A1)

= 21.5 (AG)

Note: Both an unrounded answer that rounds to the given answer and rounded must be seen for the (A1) to be
awarded. Accept 21.54 or 21.53 as an unrounded answer.

Examiners report
The great majority of candidates found this question to be a good start to the paper, with many perfect scores
accruing. A common problem was the inability to form consistent null and alternative hypotheses. Also, calculating the
expected value “by hand” as part of a “show that” question was left blank by a number of candidates; to reiterate
again – to attain full marks, both the unrounded and the consistent and correctly rounded answer must be stated.

And, lastly, incorrect comparison of statistics when forming a conclusion was a common fault.

[3 marks]
7d.
Markscheme
(i) χ2 statistic = 10.3 (10.3257 …) (G2)

Note: Accept 10 as a correct 2 significant figure answer.

(ii)
p-value = 0.00573 (0.00572531 …) (G1)

Examiners report
The great majority of candidates found this question to be a good start to the paper, with many perfect scores
accruing. A common problem was the inability to form consistent null and alternative hypotheses. Also, calculating the
expected value “by hand” as part of a “show that” question was left blank by a number of candidates; to reiterate
again – to attain full marks, both the unrounded and the consistent and correctly rounded answer must be stated.

And, lastly, incorrect comparison of statistics when forming a conclusion was a common fault.

[2 marks]
7e.
Markscheme
since p-value < 0.01, H0 should not be accepted (R1)(A1)(ft)

OR

since χ2 statistic > χ2 critical value, H0 should not be accepted (R1)(A1)(ft)

Note: Do not award (R0)(A1). Follow through from their answer to part (d). Award (R0)(A0) if part (d) is unanswered.

Award (R1) for a correct comparison of either their p-value to the test level or their χ2 statistic to the χ2 critical
value, award (A1) for the correct result from that comparison.
 Examiners report
The great majority of candidates found this question to be a good start to the paper, with many perfect scores
accruing. A common problem was the inability to form consistent null and alternative hypotheses. Also, calculating the
expected value “by hand” as part of a “show that” question was left blank by a number of candidates; to reiterate
again – to attain full marks, both the unrounded and the consistent and correctly rounded answer must be stated.

And, lastly, incorrect comparison of statistics when forming a conclusion was a common fault.

[3 marks]
8a.
Markscheme
(i) 6.76 (cm) (G2)

Notes: Award (M1) for an attempt to use the formula for the mean with a least two rows from the table.

(ii) 1.14 (cm) (1.14122 … (cm)) (G1)

Examiners report
[N/A]

[3 marks]
8b.
Markscheme
P(diameter < 6.5) = 0.338 (0.338461) (M1)(A1)

Notes: Award (M1) for attempting to use the normal distribution to find the probability or for correct region indicated
on labelled diagram. Award (A1) for correct probability.

33.8(%) (A1)(ft)(G3)

Notes: Award (A1)(ft) for converting their probability into a percentage.

Examiners report
[N/A]

[2 marks]
8c.
Markscheme
P(diameter ⩾ a) = 0.05 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for attempting to use the normal distribution to find the probability or for correct region indicated
on labelled diagram.

a = 8.97 (cm) (8.97382 …) (A1)(G2)

Examiners report
[N/A]
 [2 marks]
8d.
Markscheme
100 − (5 + 33.8461 …) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for subtracting “

5+ their part (b)” from 100 or (M1) for attempting to use the normal distribution to find the probability
P (6.5 ⩽ diameter < their part (c)) or for correct region indicated on labelled diagram.

= 61.2(%) (61.1538 … (%)) (A1)(ft)(G2)

Notes: Follow through from their answer to part (b). Percentage symbol is not required. Accept 61.1(%) (
61.1209 … (%)) if 8.97 used.

Examiners report
[N/A]

[2 marks]
8e.
Markscheme
100 000 × 0.05 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for multiplying by 0.05 (or

5%).

= 5000 (A1)(G2)

Examiners report
[N/A]

[4 marks]
9a.
Markscheme
(i) r = 0.985 (0.984905 …) (G2)

Notes: If unrounded answer is not seen, award (G1)(G0) for 0.99 or 0.984. Award (G2) for 0.98.

(ii) strong, positive (A1)(A1)

Examiners report
[N/A]

[2 marks]
9b.
Markscheme
y = 259.909 … x + 698.648 … (y = 260x + 699) (G1)(G1)

Notes: Award (G1) for 260x and (G1) for 699. If the answer is not an equation award a maximum of (G1)(G0).

Examiners report
[N/A]
 [3 marks]
9c.
Markscheme
y = 259.909 … × 13 + 698.648 … (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for substitution of 13 into their regression line equation from part (b).

y = 4077.47 … (A1)(ft)(G2)

y = 4077 (USD) (A1)(ft)

Notes: Follow through from their answer to part (b). If rounded values from part (b) used, answer is 4079. Award the
final (A1)(ft) for a correct rounding to the nearest USD of their answer. The unrounded answer may not be seen.

If answer is 4077 and no working is seen, award (G2).

Examiners report
[N/A]
 [2 marks]
9d.
Markscheme
13 × 304 − (4077.47) = −125.477 … (−125) OR

4077.47 − (13 × 304) = 125.477 … (125) (M1)

Notes: Award (M1) for calculating the difference between 13 × 304 and their answer to part (c).

If rounded values are used in equation, answer is −127.

profit is negative OR cost > sales (A1)

OR

13 × 304 = 3952 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for calculating the price of 13 bikes.

3952 < 4077.47 (A1)(ft)

Note: Award (A1) for showing 3952 is less than their part (c). This may be communicated in words. Follow through
from part (c), but only if value is greater than 3952.

OR
4077
13
= 313.62 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for calculating the cost of 1 bicycle.

313.62 > 304 (A1)(ft)

Note: Award (A1) for showing 313.62 is greater than 304. This may be communicated in words. Follow through from
part (c), but only if value is greater than 304.

OR
4077
304
= 13.41 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for calculating the number of bicycles that should have been be sold to cover total cost.

13.41 > 13 (A1)(ft)

Note: Award (A1) for showing 13.41 is greater than 13. This may be communicated in words. Follow through from
part (c), but only if value is greater than 13.

Examiners report
[N/A]
9e. [5 marks]
Markscheme
(i) 304x (A1)

(ii) 304x − (259.909 … x + 698.648 …) (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)

Note: Award (A1)(ft) for difference between their answers to parts (b) and (e)(i), (A1)(ft) for correct expression.

(iii) 304x − (259.909 … x + 698.648 …) > 0 (M1)

Notes: Award (M1) for comparing their expression in part (e)(ii) to 0. Accept an equation. Accept 3040x − y > 0 or
equivalent.

x = 16 bicycles (A1)(ft)(G2)

Notes: Follow through from their answer to part (b). Answer must be a positive integer greater than 13 for the (A1)(ft)
to be awarded.

Award (G1) for an answer of 15.84.

Examiners report
[N/A]

[2 marks]
10a.
Markscheme
30 48
100
× 100 × 100 OR
30×48
100
(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into correct formula.

= 14.4 ( 725 ) (A1) (C2)

[2 marks]

Examiners report
[N/A]

[2 marks]
10b.
Markscheme
13.0 (12.9554 …) (A2) (C2)

Note: Award (A1)(A0) for

12.9.

[2 marks]

Examiners report
[N/A]
 [2 marks]
10c.
Markscheme
the null hypothesis is not accepted (A1)(ft)
χ2calc > χ2crit OR
13.0 > 7.82 (R1)
OR
the null hypothesis is not accepted (A1)(ft)
p-value
(0.0047) (0.00473391 … ) < 0.05 (R1) (C2)

Notes: Follow through from their answer to part (b).

Do not award (A1)(ft)(R0).

[2 marks]

Examiners report
[N/A]

[2 marks]
11a.
Markscheme
t = −20.1n + 205
t = (−20.1046 …)n + (204.755 …) (A1)(A1) (C2)

Notes: Award (A1) for

−20.1 and
205 seen,
(A1) for an equation involving
t and
n.

[2 marks]

Examiners report
[N/A]

[2 marks]
11b.
Markscheme
−0.941(−0.941366 …) (A2) (C2)

Notes: Award (A0)(A1) for

+0.941.

[2 marks]

Examiners report
[N/A]
 [2 marks]
11c.
Markscheme
−20.1046 … × 4 + 204.755 … (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for substitution into their regression equation.

124 (minutes) (
124.337 …) (A1)(ft) (C2)

Notes: Follow through from their regression equation found in part (a). Accept
125 (minutes) (
124.6).

[2 marks]

Examiners report
[N/A]

[1 mark]
12a.
Markscheme
50
0.5 (50%, , 1)
100 2
(A1) (C1)
[1 mark]

Examiners report
[N/A]

[1 mark]
12b.
Markscheme
0.954(0.954499 … ,95.4%,95.4499 … %) (A1) (C1)

Note: Accept
95% or
0.95.

[1 mark]

Examiners report
[N/A]
 [2 marks]
12c.
Markscheme

(M1)

Note: Accept alternative methods.

0.631(0.630558 … ,63.1%,63.0558 … %) (A1) (C2)

[2 marks]

Examiners report
[N/A]

[2 marks]
12d.
Markscheme

(M1)

Note: Accept alternative methods.

3.50 (3.50091...) (A1) (C2)

[2 marks]

Examiners report
[N/A]

[1 mark]
13a.
Markscheme
Country chosen and gender are independent. (A1) (C1)

Notes: Accept there is no association between country chosen and gender.

Do not accept “not related” or “not correlated” or “influenced”.

[1 mark]

Examiners report
[N/A]
 [1 mark]
13b.
Markscheme
2 (A1) (C1)
[1 mark]

Examiners report
[N/A]

[2 marks]
13c.
Markscheme
(i) 9.17 (9.16988…) (A1)

Notes: Accept 9.169.

(ii) 0.0102 (0.0102043…) (A1) (C2)

Notes: Award (A1) for 0.010, but (A0) for 0.01.

[2 marks]

Examiners report
[N/A]

[2 marks]
13d.
Markscheme
Since
0.0102 > 0.01, we accept the null hypothesis. (R1)(A1)(ft)
OR
Since
9.17 < 9.210, we accept the null hypothesis. (R1)(A1)(ft) (C2)

Notes: To award (R1) there should be value(s) given in part (c). If a value is given in (c), we do not need it explicitly stated again in
(d).
It is sufficient to state a correct comparison.
e.g.
p-value > significance level OR
χ2calc < critical value
Do not award (R0)(A1). Follow through from part (c).

[2 marks]

Examiners report
[N/A]

[1 mark]
14a.
Markscheme
continuous (A1)
[1 mark]
 Examiners report
[N/A]

[4 marks]
14b.
Markscheme

(A1)(A1)(A1)(A1)

Notes: Award (A1) for labelled axes and correct scales; if axes are reversed award (A0) and follow through for their points. Award
(A1) for at least 3 correct points, (A2) for at least 6 correct points, (A3) for all 9 correct points. If scales are too small or graph paper
has not been used, accuracy cannot be determined; award (A0). Do not penalize if extra points are seen.

[4 marks]

Examiners report
[N/A]

[2 marks]
14c.
Markscheme
(i) 26 (m) (A1)
(ii) 65 (cm) (A1)
[2 marks]

Examiners report
[N/A]
 [2 marks]
14d.
Markscheme
point
M labelled, in correct position (A1)(A1)(ft)

Notes: Award (A1)(ft) for point plotted in correct position, (A1) for point labelled
M or
(x̄, ȳ ). Follow through from their answers to part (c).

[2 marks]

Examiners report
[N/A]

[4 marks]
14e.
Markscheme
(i)
−0.988 (−0.988432 …) (G2)

Note: Award (G2) for

−0.99. Award (G1) for
−0.990.
Award (A1)(A0) if minus sign is omitted.

(ii)
y = −0.756x + 84.7
(y = −0.756281 … x + 84.6633 …) (G2)

Notes: Award (A1) for

−0.756x, (A1) for
84.7. If the answer is not given as an equation, award a maximum of (A1)(A0).

[4 marks]

Examiners report
[N/A]
 [2 marks]
14f.
Markscheme
regression line through their
M (A1)((ft)
regression line through their
(0,85) (accept
85 ± 1) (A1)(ft)

Notes: Follow through from part (d). Award a maximum of (A1)(A0) if the line is not straight. Do not penalize if either the line does
not meet the y-axis or extends into quadrants other than the first.
If
M is not plotted or labelled, then follow through from part (c).
Follow through from their y-intercept in part (e)(ii).

[2 marks]

Examiners report
[N/A]

[2 marks]
14g.
Markscheme
−0.756281(40) + 84.6633 (M1)
= 54.4 (cm) (54.4120 …) (A1)(ft)(G2)

Notes: Accept
54.5 (
54.46) for use of 3 sf. Accept
54.3 from use of
−0.76 and
84.7.
Follow through from their equation in part (e)(ii) irrespective of working shown; the final answer seen must be consistent with
that equation for the final (A1) to be awarded.
Do not accept answers taken from the graph.

[2 marks]

Examiners report
[N/A]
 [2 marks]
15a.
Markscheme

(A1)(A1)

Notes: Award (A1) for rough sketch of normal curve centred at

60, (A1) for some indication of
12 as the standard deviation eg, as diagram, or with
72 and
48 shown on the horizontal axis in appropriate places, or for
96 and
24 shown on the horizontal axis in appropriate places.

[2 marks]

Examiners report
[N/A]

[1 mark]
15b.
Markscheme
0.5 ( 12 , 50% ) (A1)

Note: Accept only the exact answer.

[1 mark]

Examiners report
[N/A]

[2 marks]
15c.
Markscheme
0.0478 (0.0477903...) (G2)

Note: Award (G1) for

0.952209 …, award (M1)(G0) for diagram with correct area shown but incorrect answer.

[2 marks]

Examiners report
[N/A]
 [2 marks]
15d.
Markscheme
0.955 (0.955434...) (G2)

Note: Award (G1) for

0.044565 …, award (M1)(G0) for diagram with correct area shown but incorrect answer.

[2 marks]

Examiners report
[N/A]

[2 marks]
15e.
Markscheme
0.0446 < 0.0478 (R1)

Notes: Award (R1) for correct comparison seen. Accept alternative methods, for example,
1– (their answer to part (c)) used in comparison or a comparison based on
z scores.

the Physics result is better (A1)(ft)

Notes: Do not award (R0)(A1). Follow through from their answers to part (c) and part (d).

[2 marks]

Examiners report
[N/A]

[3 marks]
15f.
Markscheme
76 (G3)

Notes: Award (G1) for

75.8155 …, award (G2) for
75.
Award (M1)(G0) for diagram with correct area shown but incorrect answer.

[3 marks]

Examiners report
[N/A]
 [4 marks]
16a.
Markscheme

(A4)

Notes: Award (A1) for correct scales and labels.

Award (A3) for all six points correctly plotted,

(A2) for four or five points correctly plotted,

(A1) for two or three points correctly plotted.

Award at most (A0)(A3) if axes reversed.

Accept tolerance for T -axis.

Examiners report
[N/A]
 [2 marks]
16b.
Markscheme
0.977 (0.977324 … ) (G2)

Notes: Award (G1) for 0.97.

Examiners report
[N/A]

[2 marks]
16c.
Markscheme
(Very) strong positive correlation (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)

Notes: Award (A1) for (very) strong, (A1) for positive.

Follow through from part (b).

Examiners report
[N/A]

[2 marks]
16d.
Markscheme
T = 0.129x + 6.82 (G2)

Notes: Award (G1) for 0.129x, (G1) for +6.82.

Award a maximum of (G0)(G1) if the answer is not an equation.

Examiners report
[N/A]

16e. [2 marks]

Markscheme
0.129 × 70 + 6.82 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for substitution of 70 into their equation of regression line.

OR
8+12.8+…+21.1
(M1)
6
= 15.9 (15.85) (A1)(ft)(G2)

Note: Follow through from part (d) without working.

Examiners report
[N/A]
16f. [2 marks]

Markscheme
regression line through (70, 15.9) (A1)(ft)

Note: Accept 15.9 ± 0.2.

Follow through from part (e).

with T -intercept, 6.82 (A1)(ft)

Note: Follow through from part (d). Accept 6.82 ± 0.2.

In case the regression line is not straight (ruler not used), award (A0)(A1)(ft) if line passes through both their
(70, 15.9) and (0, 6.82), otherwise award (A0)(A0).
Do not penalize if line does not intersect the T -axis.

Examiners report
[N/A]

[1 mark]
16g.
Markscheme
T = 0.45z + 10 (A1)

Examiners report
[N/A]

[6 marks]
16h.
Markscheme
(i) 0.45(20) + 10 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution of 20 into their formula from part (g).

= 19 (∘ C) (A1)(ft)(G2)

Note: Follow through from part (g).

(ii) = 18.2 (∘ C) (A1)

(iii) ∣∣ 19−18.2 ∣∣ × 100% (M1)(A1)(ft)

18.2
Note: Award (M1) for substitution in the percentage error formula, (A1) for correct substitution.

4.40% (4.39560 … ) (A1)(ft)(G2)

Notes: Follow through from parts (h)(i) and (h)(ii).

Examiners report
[N/A]
17a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
(3 − 1)(4 − 1) (M1)
=6 (A1) (C2)
[2 marks]

Examiners report
This question caused significant difficulties for many candidates. It seemed, from the responses, that the purpose of the test is not well
understood, even if its procedure on the GDC can be performed.
The test is one of “independence” and it should be stressed to candidates that it is this which is key in stating the hypotheses.
Improper terminology, most notably, “not correlated” is not acceptable.

17b. [1 mark]

Markscheme
The preferred type of drink is independent of age. (A1) (C1)

Note: For independent accept “not associated” but do not accept “not related” or “not correlated”

[1 mark]

Examiners report
This question caused significant difficulties for many candidates. It seemed, from the responses, that the purpose of the test is not well
understood, even if its procedure on the GDC can be performed.

17c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
Reject null hypothesis as critical value
< χ2calc (A1)(R1)(ft)

Note: (ft) from their value in (c).

OR
Reject null hypothesis as p-value
< 0.05 (A1)(R1) (C2)

Notes: Do not award (A1)(R0).

Award the (R1) for comparison of correct values.

[2 marks]

Examiners report
This question caused significant difficulties for many candidates. It seemed, from the responses, that the purpose of the test is not well
understood, even if its procedure on the GDC can be performed.
Many candidates did not know the correct figures to compare in order to arrive at the decision. Others gave no reason at all.
18a. [3 marks]

Markscheme
s = 3.56 t − 14.6 (A1)(A1)(A1) (C3)

Notes: Award (A1) for 3.56.

(A1) for –14.6.
(A1) for s and t.

[3 marks]

Examiners report
Some candidates attempted to find the equation by hand, generally without success. Those who used their calculator could quickly
find the equation and use it to find the number of ice cream sales. A significant number of candidates lost one mark for writing the
equation with y and x rather than s and t. A lesser number lost the accuracy mark for an integral number of ice-creams.

[3 marks]
18b.
Markscheme
s = 3.56 × 24 − 14.6 (M1)
= 70.84 (70.9) (A1)(ft)
= 71 ice creams (A1)(ft) (C3)

Note: (ft) from candidates answer to (a).

Note: The last (A1) is for specified accuracy, (ft) from their answer.
The (AP) for the paper is not applied here.

[3 marks]

Examiners report
Some candidates attempted to find the equation by hand, generally without success. Those who used their calculator could quickly
find the equation and use it to find the number of ice cream sales. A significant number of candidates lost one mark for writing the
equation with y and x rather than s and t. A lesser number lost the accuracy mark for an integral number of ice-creams.

19a. [1 mark]

Markscheme
0.965 (A1) (C1)
[1 mark]

Examiners report
The level of accuracy required by the paper was often ignored in this question.
(a) Some candidates are unable to recover
r from a reset calculator.
 [2 marks]
19b.
Markscheme
y = 1.15x + 0.976 (A1)(A1) (C2)

Note: (A1) for

1.15x. (A1) for
+0.976.
[2 marks]

Examiners report
The level of accuracy required by the paper was often ignored in this question.

[2 marks]
19c.
Markscheme
y = 1.15(7) + 0.976 (M1)
Chemistry = 9.03 (accept
9) (A1)(ft) (C2)
Note: Follow through from candidate's answer to (b) even if no working is seen. Award (A2)(ft).
[2 marks]

Examiners report
The level of accuracy required by the paper was often ignored in this question.
(c) Many candidates seem to be unaware when it is appropriate to use a regression line.

19d. [1 mark]

Markscheme
the correlation coefficient is close to
1
OR strongly correlated variables
OR
7 lies within the range of physics marks. (R1) (C1)
[1 mark]

Examiners report
The level of accuracy required by the paper was often ignored in this question.
 [8 marks]
20a.
Markscheme
(i)
H0 = wearing of a seat belt and the time a driver has held a licence are independent. (A1)

Note: For independent accept 'not associated' but do not accept 'not related' or 'not correlated'

(ii)
2 (A1)
(iii)
98×45
200
= 22.05 = 22 (correct to the nearest whole number) (M1)(A1)(AG)

Note: (M1) for correct formula and (A1) for correct substitution. Unrounded answer must be seen for the (A1) to be awarded.

(iv)
χ2 = 8.12 (G2)

Note: For unrounded answer award (G1)(G0)(AP). If formula used award (M1) for correct substituted formula with correct
substitution (6 terms) (A1) for correct answer.

(v) “Does not accept

H0 ” (A1)(ft)
p-value < 0.05 (R1)(ft)

Note: Allow “Reject

H0 ” or equivalent. Follow through from their
χ2 statistic. Award (R1)(ft) for comparing the appropriate values. The (A1)(ft) can be awarded only if the conclusion is valid
according to the comparison given. If no reason given or if reason is wrong the two marks are lost.
[8 marks]

Examiners report
The first part of the question was relatively well done. The null hypothesis and the degrees of freedom were well answered by the
majority of the students. In the show that question some students used the GDC to find the expected values table and highlighted the
correct value
22.05. This procedure gained no mark; the expected value formula was expected to be used here. Also those who did use the formula
were expected to show the unrounded value
22.05 to gain full marks in this part question. Many lost the answer mark for not doing so. GDC was used by most of the students to
find the chi-squared test though some students attempted to find this value by hand which made them waste time. Correct values were
compared when deciding whether to accept or not the null hypothesis and follow through marks were awarded from their degrees of
freedom and chi-squared test when incorrect.
The second part was not as successful as the first one. Simple probability was well answered. Not all the students changed the
denominator to
45 for the second probability showing their weaknesses in conditional probability. It would have been useful for the students to use a
tree diagram to help them solve the last part of this question but very few did so. Some of those students that reached the last part of
the question forgot to add one of the three terms. Very few used the probability of the complement.
 [4 marks]
20b.
Markscheme
(i)
98
200
(= 0.49, 49%) (A1)(A1)(G2)

Note: (A1) for numerator, (A1) for denominator.

(ii)
15
45
(= 0.333, 33.3%) (A1)(A1)(G2)

Note: (A1) for numerator, (A1) for denominator.

[4 marks]

Examiners report
The first part of the question was relatively well done. The null hypothesis and the degrees of freedom were well answered by the
majority of the students. In the show that question some students used the GDC to find the expected values table and highlighted the
correct value
22.05. This procedure gained no mark; the expected value formula was expected to be used here. Also those who did use the formula
were expected to show the unrounded value
22.05 to gain full marks in this part question. Many lost the answer mark for not doing so. GDC was used by most of the students to
find the chi-squared test though some students attempted to find this value by hand which made them waste time. Correct values were
compared when deciding whether to accept or not the null hypothesis and follow through marks were awarded from their degrees of
freedom and chi-squared test when incorrect.
The second part was not as successful as the first one. Simple probability was well answered. Not all the students changed the
denominator to
45 for the second probability showing their weaknesses in conditional probability. It would have been useful for the students to use a
tree diagram to help them solve the last part of this question but very few did so. Some of those students that reached the last part of
the question forgot to add one of the three terms. Very few used the probability of the complement.

20c. [6 marks]

Markscheme
(i)
98 97
200
× 199 = 0.239 (23.9%) (A1)(M1)(A1)(G3)

Note: (A1) for correct probabilities seen, (M1) for multiplying two probabilities, (A1) for correct answer.

(ii)
1 − 102
200
× 101
199
= 0.741 (74.1%) (M1)(M1)(A1)(ft)(G2)

Note: (M1) for showing the product, (M1) for using the probability of the complement, (A1) for correct answer. Follow through for
consistent use of with replacement.

OR
98 97 98
200
× 199 + 200 × 102
199
+ 102
200
98
× 199 = 0.741 (74.1%) (M1)(M1)(A1)(ft)(G2)

Note: (M1) for adding three products of fractions (or equivalent), (M1) for using the correct fractions, (A1) for correct answer. Follow
through for consistent use of with replacement.
[6 marks]
 Examiners report
The first part of the question was relatively well done. The null hypothesis and the degrees of freedom were well answered by the
majority of the students. In the show that question some students used the GDC to find the expected values table and highlighted the
correct value
22.05. This procedure gained no mark; the expected value formula was expected to be used here. Also those who did use the formula
were expected to show the unrounded value
22.05 to gain full marks in this part question. Many lost the answer mark for not doing so. GDC was used by most of the students to
find the chi-squared test though some students attempted to find this value by hand which made them waste time. Correct values were
compared when deciding whether to accept or not the null hypothesis and follow through marks were awarded from their degrees of
freedom and chi-squared test when incorrect.
The second part was not as successful as the first one. Simple probability was well answered. Not all the students changed the
denominator to
45 for the second probability showing their weaknesses in conditional probability. It would have been useful for the students to use a
tree diagram to help them solve the last part of this question but very few did so. Some of those students that reached the last part of
the question forgot to add one of the three terms. Very few used the probability of the complement.

21a. [1 mark]

Markscheme
Choice of music is independent of age. (A1) (C1)
[1 mark]

Examiners report
Candidates either gained good marks for this question or almost no marks depending on their preparation. It was obvious that some
schools had omitted this from their programme. Candidates generally gave a reason for their conclusion in part (d) though some
compared the chi-squared value with the
p-value, resulting in the loss of both marks.

21b. [1 mark]

Markscheme
(3 − 1)(3 − 1)
=4 (A1) (C1)
[1 mark]

Examiners report
Candidates either gained good marks for this question or almost no marks depending on their preparation. It was obvious that some
schools had omitted this from their programme. Candidates generally gave a reason for their conclusion in part (d) though some
compared the chi-squared value with the
p-value, resulting in the loss of both marks.

21c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
χ2 = 51.6 (A2) (C2)
Note:
52 is an accuracy penalty (A1)(A0)(AP).
[2 marks]
 Examiners report
Candidates either gained good marks for this question or almost no marks depending on their preparation. It was obvious that some
schools had omitted this from their programme. Candidates generally gave a reason for their conclusion in part (d) though some
compared the chi-squared value with the
p-value, resulting in the loss of both marks.

[2 marks]
21d.
Markscheme
p-value < 0.05 for
5% level of significance (R1)(ft)
or
51.6 > χ2 crit
Reject the null hypothesis (do not accept the null hypothesis). (A1)(ft) (C2)
Note: Do not award (R0)(A1).
[2 marks]

Examiners report
Candidates either gained good marks for this question or almost no marks depending on their preparation. It was obvious that some
schools had omitted this from their programme. Candidates generally gave a reason for their conclusion in part (d) though some
compared the chi-squared value with the
p-value, resulting in the loss of both marks.

22a. [2 marks]
Markscheme
(i) 19.2 (G1)
(ii) 1.45 (G1)
[2 marks]

Examiners report
(i) Generally well done but many lost an AP here
(ii) Only correct if the candidate knew how to use their GDC and even then several gave the wrong standard deviation.

[1 mark]
22b.
Markscheme
r = 0.942 (G1)
[1 mark]

Examiners report
Again, only correct if the candidate could use their GDC. Many answers given were greater than 1 and the candidates did not see
anything wrong with this.
 [2 marks]
22c.
Markscheme
Strong, positive correlation. (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)
[2 marks]

Examiners report
Many received a ft mark for this part. The word “positive” was often omitted.

22d. [2 marks]

Markscheme
(i)
d = 11.5 (G1)
(ii)
n = 11.5 × 19.6 − 100
= 125 (accept
126) (A1)(ft)
Note: Answer must be a whole number.
[2 marks]

Examiners report
(i) Most candidates substituted the first set of points into the equation instead of finding the regression line on their GDC.
(ii) Most managed to score a ft point here. But some did not give their answer as a whole number.

[1 mark]
22e.
Markscheme
It is unreliable to extrapolate outside the values given (outlier). (R1)
[1 mark]

Examiners report
Not many candidates mentioned the idea of an outlier. Most came up with some creative reason, albeit wrong, as to why the answer
might be unreliable. Some of them made interesting reading.

[4 marks]
23a.
Markscheme
(i)
280
400
(0.7, 70% or equivalent) (A1)(A1)(G2)

Note: (A1) for correct numerator, (A1) for correct denominator.

(ii)
57
210
( 19
70
, 0.271, 27.1%) (A1)(A1)(G2)

Note: (A1) for correct numerator, (A1) for correct denominator.

[4 marks]
 Examiners report
Candidates answered part (a) correctly. Some lost one out of the 4 marks for making an error in the denominator of the conditional
probability. In (b) many students failed to see that (b) was 'without replacement'. Parts (c), (d) and (e) seemed to be very well done by
some centres and uniformly badly by others. In (e) many gave the table from the GDC and highlighted the value 63 for which no
mark was gained. Expected value formula should have been used instead.

[3 marks]
23b.
Markscheme
180
400
× 179
399
(A1)(M1)

Note: (A1) for correct values seen, (M1) for multiplying their two values, (A1) for correct answer.

537
= 2660
(= 0.202) (A1)(G3)

[3 marks]

Examiners report
Candidates answered part (a) correctly. Some lost one out of the 4 marks for making an error in the denominator of the conditional
probability. In (b) many students failed to see that (b) was 'without replacement'. Parts (c), (d) and (e) seemed to be very well done by
some centres and uniformly badly by others. In (e) many gave the table from the GDC and highlighted the value 63 for which no
mark was gained. Expected value formula should have been used instead.

23c. [1 mark]
Markscheme
H0 : ‘the preference of brand of cereal is independent of the city’. (A1)
OR
H0 : ‘there is no association between the brand of cereal and city’.
[1 mark]

Examiners report
Candidates answered part (a) correctly. Some lost one out of the 4 marks for making an error in the denominator of the conditional
probability. In (b) many students failed to see that (b) was 'without replacement'. Parts (c), (d) and (e) seemed to be very well done by
some centres and uniformly badly by others. In (e) many gave the table from the GDC and highlighted the value 63 for which no
mark was gained. Expected value formula should have been used instead.

23d. [1 mark]

Markscheme
df = 2 (A1)
[1 mark]

Examiners report
Candidates answered part (a) correctly. Some lost one out of the 4 marks for making an error in the denominator of the conditional
probability. In (b) many students failed to see that (b) was 'without replacement'. Parts (c), (d) and (e) seemed to be very well done by
some centres and uniformly badly by others. In (e) many gave the table from the GDC and highlighted the value 63 for which no
mark was gained. Expected value formula should have been used instead.
 [2 marks]
23e.
Markscheme
210×120
400
(M1)(A1)

Note: (M1) for substituting in correct formula, (A1) for correct values.
= 63 (AG)
Note: Final line must be seen or previous (A1) mark is lost.
[2 marks]

Examiners report
Candidates answered part (a) correctly. Some lost one out of the 4 marks for making an error in the denominator of the conditional
probability. In (b) many students failed to see that (b) was 'without replacement'. Parts (c), (d) and (e) seemed to be very well done by
some centres and uniformly badly by others. In (e) many gave the table from the GDC and highlighted the value 63 for which no
mark was gained. Expected value formula should have been used instead.

23f. [2 marks]

Markscheme
39.3 (G2)
Note: Award (G1)(A0)(AP) if answers not to 3 significant figures.
[2 marks]

Examiners report
Candidates answered part (a) correctly. Some lost one out of the 4 marks for making an error in the denominator of the conditional
probability. In (b) many students failed to see that (b) was 'without replacement'. Parts (c), (d) and (e) seemed to be very well done by
some centres and uniformly badly by others. In (e) many gave the table from the GDC and highlighted the value 63 for which no
mark was gained. Expected value formula should have been used instead.

23g. [2 marks]

Markscheme
p − value < 0.05 (R1)(ft)
Do not accept
H0 . (A1)(ft)
Notes: Allow ‘Reject
H0 or equivalent’. (ft) from their
χ2 statistic.
Award (R1)(ft) for comparing the appropriate values. (A1)(ft) can be awarded only if the conclusion is valid according to the
comparison given. If no reason given or if reason is wrong both marks are lost. Note that (R1)(A0)(ft) can be awarded but
(R0)(A1)(ft) cannot.
[2 marks]

Examiners report
Candidates answered part (a) correctly. Some lost one out of the 4 marks for making an error in the denominator of the conditional
probability. In (b) many students failed to see that (b) was 'without replacement'. Parts (c), (d) and (e) seemed to be very well done by
some centres and uniformly badly by others. In (e) many gave the table from the GDC and highlighted the value 63 for which no
mark was gained. Expected value formula should have been used instead.
23h. [3 marks]
Markscheme

(A1)(A1)(A1)

Notes: (A1) for label and scales, (A2) for all points correct, (A1) for 5 or 6 correct. Award a maximum of (A2) if points are joined.
[3 marks]

Examiners report
The graph was well done with almost all candidates labelling and scaling the axes correctly. A minority of students joined the points
or drew the graph on lined paper which prevented them from gaining full marks in this part of the question.
In (b) some candidates were not able to calculate the linear correlation coefficient. A few G2 comments pointed out that the command
term used may have been ambiguous to some candidates and they did not think that they could use their GDC to find r. Some
attempted to use the formula even though the value of
Sxy was not given. The guide says that 'A GDC can be used to calculate r when raw data is given'. This potential unfairness was
taken into consideration during the setting of boundaries so that no candidate was disadvantaged by the possible ambiguous wording
of the question. In future the command term 'Using your GDC' or 'Write down' will be used in similar questions.
Some students who did use the GDC gave
r2 instead of
r. This really caught the attention of many examiners as
r2 is not in the syllabus.

[2 marks]
23i.
Markscheme
r = −0.141 (G2)
Note: If negative sign is missing award (G1)(G0).
[2 marks]

Examiners report
The graph was well done with almost all candidates labelling and scaling the axes correctly. A minority of students joined the points
or drew the graph on lined paper which prevented them from gaining full marks in this part of the question.
In (b) some candidates were not able to calculate the linear correlation coefficient. A few G2 comments pointed out that the command
term used may have been ambiguous to some candidates and they did not think that they could use their GDC to find r. Some
attempted to use the formula even though the value of
Sxy was not given. The guide says that 'A GDC can be used to calculate r when raw data is given'. This potential unfairness was
taken into consideration during the setting of boundaries so that no candidate was disadvantaged by the possible ambiguous wording
of the question. In future the command term 'Using your GDC' or 'Write down' will be used in similar questions.
Some students who did use the GDC gave
r2 instead of
r. This really caught the attention of many examiners as
r2 is not in the syllabus.
 [2 marks]
23j.
Markscheme
‘The coefficient of correlation is too low, (very) weak (linear) relationship’. (R1)
Not a sensible thing to do, accept ‘no’. (A1)
Note: Do not award (R0)(A1). The correlation coefficient has to be mentioned in their reasoning.
[2 marks]

Examiners report
The graph was well done with almost all candidates labelling and scaling the axes correctly. A minority of students joined the points
or drew the graph on lined paper which prevented them from gaining full marks in this part of the question.
In (b) some candidates were not able to calculate the linear correlation coefficient. A few G2 comments pointed out that the command
term used may have been ambiguous to some candidates and they did not think that they could use their GDC to find r. Some
attempted to use the formula even though the value of
Sxy was not given. The guide says that 'A GDC can be used to calculate r when raw data is given'. This potential unfairness was
taken into consideration during the setting of boundaries so that no candidate was disadvantaged by the possible ambiguous wording
of the question. In future the command term 'Using your GDC' or 'Write down' will be used in similar questions.
Some students who did use the GDC gave
r2 instead of
r. This really caught the attention of many examiners as
r2 is not in the syllabus.

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