Lab Session 05
Beam with Uniformly varying load (Non-Linear Bending)
Objective:
To find the deformation in a simply supported I-beam with uniformly varying load application across the
whole span, numerically and analytically
Problem Statement:
A I-section beam composed of structural steel material is subjected to a uniformly varying load in
cantilever state. Do simulation on ANSYS Workbench for Non-linear bending analysis and then validate
results by hand calculation.
Input Data:
We draw a I-section beam in ANSYS module. Its length is 500 mm and total height is 106 mm. Its width is
103 mm. Web thickness of I-beam structure is 7.1 mm. Flange thickness of beam is 8.8 inch. Flange has a
chamfer of 6 mm.
Assumptions:
We assumed “Structural Steel NL” as a material for I-section beam with a value of Y=250 MPa and Tangent
Modulus for Bilinear Isotropic Hardening is 1450 MPa. Our units are US Customary units.
Procedure:
1. Open Static Structure Analysis form left toolbox of Analysis Systems
2. Then double click on engineering data to add a required material, i.e. mild steel.
3. Now again in work bench, open geometry in Design Modeler and draw according to given
data. Then save it and exit the modeler.
4. Now mesh the model with default mesh sizing and add named selections if required. Then
refine the mesh sizing and save the project.
5. Apply boundary conditions and then the loadings conditions as given. Then save the
project.
6. Now click on solution and select the stress, deformation, then click solve.
7. It will show the ANSYS analysis of stress and deformation in geometry window. The
minimum and maximum values will be shown on side with colors.
8. Save the images of all analysis and save the project report.
Page | 1
Analytical Solution:
1. Contents
• Units
• Model (A4)
o Geometry
▪ Solid
o Materials
o Cross Sections
▪ I1
Page | 2
o Coordinate Systems
o Mesh
o Static Structural (A5)
▪ Analysis Settings
▪ Loads
▪ Solution (A6)
▪ Solution Information
▪ Total Deformation
• Material Data
o Structural Steel
2. Units
Unit System Metric (mm, kg, N, s, mV, mA) Degrees rad/s Celsius
Angle Degrees
Rotational Velocity rad/s
Temperature Celsius
Page | 3
3. Model (A4)
• Geometry
1. In the first step we open concept in the toolbar and select I section to make an I section
beam on the xy plane of the given dimensions.
2. In the next step we draw the I section then we give dimensions to it according to the
dimensions given.
Page | 4
3. In the third step, we select the geometry and extrude it by using extrude feature according
to the given dimensions.
4. After that we use chamfer command feature to chamfer on the inner sides of the I section
beam.
Page | 5
Object Name Geometry
State Fully Defined
Definition
F:\6th semester\FEM lab\I-section Beam with uniformly varying
Source
load_files\dp0\SYS\DM\SYS.agdb
Type DesignModeler
Length Unit Meters
Element Control Program Controlled
Display Style Body Color
Bounding Box
Length X 103. mm
Length Y 106. mm
Length Z 500. mm
Properties
Volume 1.2562e+006 mm³
Mass 9.8613 kg
Scale Factor Value 1.
Statistics
Bodies 1
Active Bodies 1
Nodes 3915
Elements 560
Mesh Metric None
Update Options
Assign Default Material No
Page | 6
Basic Geometry Options
Parameters Independent
Parameter Key
Attributes Yes
Attribute Key
Named Selections Yes
Named Selection Key
Material Properties Yes
Advanced Geometry Options
Use Associativity Yes
Coordinate Systems Yes
Coordinate System Key
Reader Mode Saves
No
Updated File
Use Instances Yes
Smart CAD Update Yes
Compare Parts On
No
Update
Analysis Type 3-D
Import Facet Quality Source
Clean Bodies On Import No
Stitch Surfaces On
None
Import
Decompose Disjoint
Yes
Geometry
Enclosure and Symmetry
Yes
Processing
Page | 7
Object Name Solid
State Meshed
Graphics Properties
Visible Yes
Transparency 1
Definition
Suppressed No
Stiffness Behavior Flexible
Coordinate System Default Coordinate System
Reference Temperature By Environment
Treatment None
Material
Assignment Structural Steel
Nonlinear Effects Yes
Thermal Strain Effects Yes
Bounding Box
Length X 103. mm
Length Y 106. mm
Length Z 500. mm
Properties
Volume 1.2562e+006 mm³
Mass 9.8613 kg
Centroid X -1.1519e-015 mm
Centroid Y 53. mm
Centroid Z 250. mm
Page | 8
Moment of Inertia Ip1 2.244e+005 kg·mm²
Moment of Inertia Ip2 2.1175e+005 kg·mm²
Moment of Inertia Ip3 25270 kg·mm²
Statistics
Nodes 3915
Elements 560
Mesh Metric None
Object Name Materials
State Fully Defined
Page | 9
Statistics
Materials 1
Material Assignments 0
Object Name Cross Sections
State Fully Defined
Statistics
Cross Sections 1
Object Name I1
Page | 10
State Fully Defined
Definition
Type I
Import Type Imported
Dimensions
W1 103. mm
W2 103. mm
W3 106. mm
t1 8.8 mm
t2 8.8 mm
t3 7.1 mm
Physical Properties
Beam Section I1
A 2440.4 mm²
Iyy 4.7022e+006 mm²·mm²
Izz 1.6053e+006 mm²·mm²
• Coordinate Systems
Object Name Global Coordinate System
State Fully Defined
Definition
Type Cartesian
Coordinate System ID 0.
Origin
Origin X 0. mm
Page | 11
Origin Y 0. mm
Origin Z 0. mm
Directional Vectors
X Axis Data [ 1. 0. 0. ]
Y Axis Data [ 0. 1. 0. ]
Z Axis Data [ 0. 0. 1. ]
• Mesh
Object Name Mesh
State Solved
Display
Display Style Use Geometry Setting
Defaults
Physics Preference Mechanical
Element Order Program Controlled
Element Size Default
Sizing
Use Adaptive Sizing Yes
Resolution Default (2)
Mesh Defeaturing Yes
Defeature Size Default
Transition Fast
Span Angle Center Coarse
Initial Size Seed Assembly
Bounding Box Diagonal 521.39 mm
Page | 12
Average Surface Area 16828 mm²
Minimum Edge Length 8.4853 mm
Quality
Check Mesh Quality Yes, Errors
Error Limits Aggressive Mechanical
Target Quality Default (0.050000)
Smoothing Medium
Mesh Metric None
Inflation
Use Automatic Inflation None
Inflation Option Smooth Transition
Transition Ratio 0.272
Maximum Layers 5
Growth Rate 1.2
Inflation Algorithm Pre
View Advanced Options No
Advanced
Number of CPUs for Parallel Part Meshing Program Controlled
Straight Sided Elements No
Rigid Body Behavior Dimensionally Reduced
Triangle Surface Mesher Program Controlled
Topology Checking Yes
Pinch Tolerance Please Define
Generate Pinch on Refresh No
Statistics
Page | 13
Nodes 3915
Elements 560
5. Static Structural (A5)
Object Name Static Structural (A5)
State Solved
Definition
Physics Type Structural
Analysis Type Static Structural
Solver Target Mechanical APDL
Page | 14
Options
Environment Temperature 22. °C
Generate Input Only No
Object Name Analysis Settings
State Fully Defined
Step Controls
Number Of Steps 1.
Current Step Number 1.
Step End Time 1. s
Auto Time Stepping Program Controlled
Solver Controls
Solver Type Program Controlled
Weak Springs Off
Solver Pivot Checking Program Controlled
Large Deflection Off
Inertia Relief Off
Quasi-Static Solution Off
Rotordynamics Controls
Coriolis Effect Off
Restart Controls
Generate Restart Points Program Controlled
Retain Files After Full
No
Solve
Combine Restart Files Program Controlled
Page | 15
Nonlinear Controls
Newton-Raphson
Program Controlled
Option
Force Convergence Program Controlled
Moment Convergence Program Controlled
Displacement
Program Controlled
Convergence
Rotation Convergence Program Controlled
Line Search Program Controlled
Stabilization Program Controlled
Advanced
Inverse Option No
Contact Split (DMP) Off
Output Controls
Stress Yes
Surface Stress No
Back Stress No
Strain Yes
Contact Data Yes
Nonlinear Data No
Nodal Forces No
Volume and Energy Yes
Euler Angles Yes
General Miscellaneous No
Contact Miscellaneous No
Store Results At All Time Points
Page | 16
Result File Compression Program Controlled
Analysis Data Management
F:\6th semester\FEM lab\I-section Beam with uniformly varying
Solver Files Directory
load_files\dp0\SYS\MECH\
Future Analysis None
Scratch Solver Files
Directory
Save MAPDL db No
Contact Summary Program Controlled
Delete Unneeded Files Yes
Nonlinear Solution Yes
Solver Units Active System
Solver Unit System nmm
Page | 17
Object Name Fixed Support Pressure
State Fully Defined
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Face
Definition
Type Fixed Support Pressure
Suppressed No
Define By Normal To
Applied By Surface Effect
Page | 18
Loaded Area Deformed
Magnitude Tabular Data
Tabular Data
Independent Variable Z
Coordinate System Global Coordinate System
Graph Controls
X-Axis Z
Page | 19
Z [mm] Pressure [MPa]
0. 0.
500. 4.
Page | 20
6. Solution (A6)
Object Name Solution (A6)
State Solved
Adaptive Mesh Refinement
Max Refinement Loops 1.
Refinement Depth 2.
Information
Status Done
MAPDL Elapsed Time 6. s
Page | 21
MAPDL Memory Used 277. MB
MAPDL Result File Size 2.375 MB
Post Processing
Beam Section Results No
On Demand Stress/Strain No
Object Name Solution Information
State Solved
Solution Information
Solution Output Solver Output
Newton-Raphson Residuals 0
Identify Element Violations 0
Update Interval 2.5 s
Display Points All
FE Connection Visibility
Activate Visibility Yes
Display All FE Connectors
Draw Connections Attached To All Nodes
Line Color Connection Type
Visible on Results No
Line Thickness Single
Display Type Lines
Object Name Total Deformation
State Solved
Page | 22
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry All Bodies
Definition
Type Total Deformation
By Time
Display Time Last
Calculate Time History Yes
Identifier
Suppressed No
Results
Minimum 0. mm
Maximum 1.2029 mm
Average 0.60972 mm
Minimum Occurs On Solid
Maximum Occurs On Solid
Minimum Value Over Time
Minimum 0. mm
Maximum 0. mm
Maximum Value Over Time
Minimum 0.24053 mm
Maximum 1.2029 mm
Information
Time 1. s
Load Step 1
Page | 23
Substep 4
Iteration Number 5
Time [s] Minimum [mm] Maximum [mm] Average [mm]
0.2 0.24053 0.12191
0.4 0.48106 0.24382
0.
0.7 0.84185 0.42668
1. 1.2029 0.60972
Page | 24
7. Material Data
Structural Steel
Density 7.85e-006 kg mm^-3
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 1.2e-005 C^-1
Specific Heat 4.34e+005 mJ kg^-1 C^-1
Thermal Conductivity 6.05e-002 W mm^-1 C^-1
Resistivity 1.7e-004 ohm mm
Red Green Blue
Page | 25
132 139 179
Compressive Ultimate Strength MPa
Compressive Yield Strength MPa
250
Tensile Yield Strength MPa
250
Tensile Ultimate Strength MPa
460
Zero-Thermal-Strain Reference Temperature C
22
Alternating Stress MPa Cycles Mean Stress MPa
3999 10 0
2827 20 0
1896 50 0
1413 100 0
1069 200 0
441 2000 0
262 10000 0
Page | 26
214 20000 0
138 1.e+005 0
114 2.e+005 0
86.2 1.e+006 0
Strength Cyclic Strain
Strength Ductility Ductility Cyclic Strength
Coefficient Hardening
Exponent Coefficient Exponent Coefficient MPa
MPa Exponent
920 -0.106 0.213 -0.47 1000 0.2
Young's Modulus Poisson's Bulk Modulus Shear Modulus Temperature
MPa Ratio MPa MPa C
2.e+005 0.3 1.6667e+005 76923
Relative Permeability
10000
Yield Strength MPa Tangent Modulus MPa Temperature C
250 1450
Page | 27
Numerical Solution:
Page | 28
