SUBJECT
PHYSICS
CHAPTER
Circular Motion
LECTURE 1
Circular Motion
TOPICS FOR TODAY
Introduction of Circular Motion
Angular Position, Displacement, Velocity, Frequency, Time Period
Introduction of Circular Motion
If a particle moves in a plane such that its distance from a fixed
(or moving) point remains constant, then the motion is called
circular motion with respect to that fixed or moving point.
That fixed point is called the centre and the corresponding
distance is called the radius of circular path.
Circular Motion
Introduction of Circular Motion
Angular Position, Displacement, Velocity, Frequency, Time
Period:
Angular position:
The angle made by the position vector w.r.t. origin, with the
reference line is called angular position.
Circular Motion
Introduction of Circular Motion
Angular position:
The angular position of the particle P at a given instant may be
described by the angle θ between OP and OX.
This angle θ is called the angular position of the particle.
Circular Motion
Introduction of Circular Motion
Angular Position, Displacement, Velocity, Frequency, Time
Period:
Angular position:
Unit: radian (SI)
Clockwise angular position is taken as negative and
anticlockwise displacement as positive
Circular Motion
Introduction of Circular Motion
Angular Position, Displacement, Velocity, Frequency, Time
Period:
Angular Displacement:
Angle through which the position vector of the moving particle
rotates in a given time interval is called angular displacement.
Circular Motion
Introduction of Circular Motion
Angular Position, Displacement, Velocity, Frequency, Time
Period:
Angular Displacement:
Arc
Angular displacement =
Radius
Δs
Δ𝜃 =
r
Circular Motion
Introduction of Circular Motion
Angular Position, Displacement, Velocity, Frequency, Time
Period:
Angular Displacement:
Unit : radian (SI)
It is a dimensionless quantity.
Always change degree into radian, if it occurs in numerical
problems.
Circular Motion
Introduction of Circular Motion
Angular Position, Displacement, Velocity, Frequency, Time
Period:
Angular Displacement:
360∘
1 radian = ⇒ 𝜋 radian = 180∘
2𝜋
If a body makes 𝑛 revolutions, its angular displacement 𝜃 = 2𝑛𝜋
radians
Circular Motion
Introduction of Circular Motion
Important Points:
• Clockwise angular displacement is taken as negative and
anticlockwise displacement as positive.
• It is an axial vector and direction of angular displacement is
perpendicular to the plane along the axis of rotation and is
given by right hand thumb rule.
Circular Motion
Introduction of Circular Motion
Important Points:
• Small angular displacement is a vector quantity, But large
angular displacement is not a vector quantity, because it
does not follow commutative law of vector addition.
d𝜃Ԧ1 + d𝜃Ԧ2 = d𝜃Ԧ2 + d𝜃Ԧ1 but 𝜃1 + 𝜃2 ≠ 𝜃2 + 𝜃1
• In one complete revolution angular displacement is 2𝜋
radian.
Circular Motion
Introduction of Circular Motion
Frequency (n):
Number of revolutions described by particle per second is its
frequency.
Unit : Revolutions per second (rps) or Revolutions per minute
(rpm)
1rps = 60rpm
Circular Motion
Introduction of Circular Motion
Time Period (T):
It is the time taken by particle to complete one revolution.
1
i.e. 𝑇 =
𝑛
Unit : hertz (Hz) or s −1
Circular Motion
QUESTION
𝟏rd
A particle completes revolution in 0.6 s. Find
𝟑
1. Time period
2. Frequency
3. Angular displacement after 1.8s
Circular Motion
QUESTION
A student runs 30 m around a circular track of diameter 100
m. What is his angular displacement?
Circular Motion
QUESTION
A particle completes 1.5 revolutions in a circular path of
radius 2cm. The angular displacement of the particle will
be - (in radian)
Circular Motion
Relation b/w Angular Velocity and
Linear Velocity
Angular velocity 𝝎 :
It is defined as the rate of change of angular position of a
moving particle with respect to time.
• Unit : Radian/sec
• Its dimension is M0 L0 T −1
Circular Motion
Relation b/w Angular Velocity and
Linear Velocity
Average angular velocity (𝜔avg ) :
Total angular displacement 𝜃 −𝜃 Δ𝜃
𝜔avg = = 𝜔av = 2 1 =
Total time taken t2 −t1 Δt
where 𝜃1 and 𝜃2 are angular position of the particle at time 𝑡1
and 𝑡2 . Since angular displacement is a scalar, average angular
velocity is also a scalar.
Circular Motion
Relation b/w Angular Velocity and
Linear Velocity
Average angular velocity (𝜔avg ) :
If a body makes '𝑛' rotations in '𝑡' seconds then average angular
velocity in radian per second will be
2𝜋𝑛
𝜔𝑎𝑣 =
𝑡
Circular Motion
Relation b/w Angular Velocity and
Linear Velocity
Average angular velocity (𝜔avg ) :
If 𝑇 is the period and ' 𝑓 ' the frequency of uniform circular
motion
2𝜋
𝜔av = = 2𝜋f
T
Circular Motion
QUESTION
A particle revolving in a circular path completes first one
third of the circumference in 2 s, while next one third in 1s.
Calculate its average angular velocity.
Circular Motion
QUESTION
A particle is moving with constant speed in a circular path.
Find the ratio of average velocity to its instantaneous
𝝅
velocity when the particle describes an angle radian.
𝟐
Circular Motion
Relation b/w Angular Velocity and
Linear Velocity
Instantaneous angular velocity (𝜔ins ) :
It is angular velocity at any instant of time.
Δ𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝜔ins = lim =
Δ𝑡→0 Δ𝑡 𝑑𝑡
Since infinitesimally small angular displacement d𝜃 is a vector
quantity, instantaneous angular velocity 𝜔 is also a vector,
whose direction is given by right hand thumb rule.
Circular Motion
Relation b/w Angular Velocity and
Linear Velocity
Instantaneous angular velocity (𝜔ins ) :
component of velocity perpendicular to line joining
𝜔=
length of line joining
Circular Motion
Relation b/w Angular Velocity and
Linear Velocity
Instantaneous angular velocity (𝜔ins ) :
Circular Motion
QUESTION
If angular displacement of a particle is given by 𝜽 = 𝟐 −
𝟐𝒃𝒕 + 𝟑𝒄𝒕𝟐 , then find its angular velocity at 𝒕 = 𝟐s.
Circular Motion
“Education is the not the
learning of facts but the
training of mind to think."
- Albert Einstein
