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37 views35 pagesChapter 4-Inspection
Chapter 4 outlines the procedures and importance of continuous inspection programs for sewer systems, including manholes, sewer lines, and lift stations. It emphasizes the need for regular inspections to identify defects and prevent costly emergency repairs, detailing specific inspection procedures and data recording methods. The chapter also discusses various testing methods such as smoke and dyed water testing to locate infiltration and inflow sources.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
37 views35 pagesChapter 4-Inspection
Chapter 4 outlines the procedures and importance of continuous inspection programs for sewer systems, including manholes, sewer lines, and lift stations. It emphasizes the need for regular inspections to identify defects and prevent costly emergency repairs, detailing specific inspection procedures and data recording methods. The chapter also discusses various testing methods such as smoke and dyed water testing to locate infiltration and inflow sources.
Uploaded by
Sanjeev Kumar DasCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 35
CHAPTER 4
INSPECTION
Introduction...ossssestnennsen : 43
Manhole Inspection, 43
General. 43
Inspection Procedure... : : 45
Revording Inspection Dat 46
Sewer Inspection. ar
Genera ne ea 47
Inspection Procedures : oe 49
Walkthrough. fo
Lamping. erssoccnnnenen 4
Cosed! Circuit Television ee eae)
Recording Inspection Data. 410
Lift Station Inspection. 41
General : 441
Inspection Procedures : : on 41
Revording Inspection Data 47
Invened Siphon Inspection 418
General 418
Inspection Procedures... S419
Recording Inspection Data eee a ae 620
Junetion Chamber Inspection. : : soe 420
Genera 420
Inspection Procedures... 421
‘Recording Inspection Data... oo Sa
Private Property inspection... 421
Genera 421
‘Building Buliding inspection Procedure : er
Recording Inspection Data... 42
New Construction Inspection 423
General. 423
Inspection of New’ Sewers : 423,
41 Sewer Acceptance Test. ss
Inspection of New Manholes. 426
Manhole Acceptance Tess... 421
Inspection of New Lift Stations 427
Inspection of New Private Building Constuction.......s.n..wesrnnnnonn 428
Dyed Water Testing, 429
General. 429
Testing Procedures 429
Recording Testing Results 430
Smoke Testing.
General
“Testing Procedures
Recording Testing Resi.
FIGURES
41 Typical Sources of Infiltration and Inflow. 44
4:2 Example Data Sheet for Manhole Inspections 48
43. Example Sewer Inspection Data Sheet 412
4-4 Example Sewer Lamping Data Shot. 43
4:5 Example Building Inspection Data Shect.. a8
4-6 Example Dyed Water Testing Data Sheet... 432
4-7 Example Smoke Testing Daa Sheet... 435
42 INTRODUCTION
‘A continuous sewer system inspection program isan important part of any preventive
maintenance program. Inspections are required regardless of flow monitoring results. In
‘dition o locating sources and quantities of infiltation/inflow, inspections are necessary
tworeveal blockages in the sower system, io identify structural defects in the system, to
identify potential safety hazard, and to observe the condition of contol mechanisms.
Sewer system defects due to poor structural condition or poor construction practices can
cause surcharging, overflowing manholes, sewer backups in buildings, exflation of
Wastewater into he ground, infiltration of groundwater, collapse of roadways, sewer sag,
and increased sant and gravel deposits in it sation wei wells. A continuous inspection
program serves tc identify the system defects which contribute to sewer system failures
before a failure occurs. The defects identified during a continuous inspection program can
be scheduled for outine epair before it becomes necessary to make an expensive
lemergeney reptir
‘A continvous inspection program must be developed, to include manholes, sewer lines, lft
Sations, and other appurtenances such as junction chambers and siphons. The prograrh
shoud also include the inspection of private buildings for illegal connections tothe sanitary
sewer system and the inspection of new construction. In some cases smoke testing and
dye testing may be required in problem areas to identity sections ofthe sewer system that
‘Warrant detailed inspections.
Figure 4-1 shows some of the defects and private building connections that typically allow
infiltration and inlow to enter the sanitary sewer system. ‘These sources of Il can be
Identified and scheduled for epair only fa continuous inspection program is implemented
MANHOLE INSPECTION
General
Manholes are subject to a variety of forces which cause them to structurally deteriorate over
time allowing for infiltration and inflow to enter the sanitary sewer system through the
defects. The mos: common forees which cause manholes to deteriorate include vibration
land pounding from traffic passing over them, freeze-thaw cycles, setlement which usually
‘occurs ata different rate for manholes than for the Sewers to which they are connected, and
‘chemical attack due to the nature ofthe wastewater being conveyed through the system.
“Manhole inspections should be done immediately on newly constructed manholes before
they are acepted for use. Existing manholes should be routinely inspected at the suggested
cycle of once every five years. Areas subject to heavy traffic and areas where many defects
have been found in past inspections should be inspected more frequently, MOTANI GNV NOLLVALTIANI 40 SIOUNOS TVOUAL "TF HADI Inspection Procedure
WARNING: MANHOLES ARE CONFINED SPACES AND MAY HAVE
DANGEROUS ATMOSPHERES. FOLLOW PROPER SAFETY.
PRECAUTIONS WHEN WORKING NEAR AND BEFORE EVER
ENTERING A MANHOLE.
Proper procedures must be followed when inspecting manholes and recording data.
Manhole inspecions require entering manhole structures. Manhole inspection erews must
be instructed or reminded ofthe safety requirements that must be followed when inspecting
‘manholes. Details regarding safety procedures ae included in Chapter 9 of this manta,
‘An inspection procedure that can be used to help identify manhole defects is as follows:
1 heck the area around the lid for proper drainage away from the lid. Use a
straight edge to see ifthe manhole is at proper elevation and grade with the
surounding ground.
2. Check for combustible gases inside the manhole before removing the manhole
3. Prior to entering a manhole verify thatthe atmosphere within is safe.
‘Manholes can be flushed prior to entry. Flushing will remove gases, slime
and debris from the walls and clean ladder rungs for better inspection and
footing, Ifa power jeter is available, chlorine canbe added o the water
supply’
4, With a flashlight or other adequate portable lighting, inspect al surfaces and
Joins inside the manhole for:
Cracks or breaks in manhole walls and bottom.
b. Sources of inflation.
Joint security.
4. Offsets and misalignments
©. Root ineusion.
{Grease accumulation around the ach or inside of sewers
8. Gravel or debris in inven.
Grout bed of fame and coniton of frame seal
1. Condition of steps.
4. Debris on shelf o steps
I Sluggsh flow or backed up wastewater.
1. Separation of grade rings
4s 1m. Corrosion
1. Manhole section lifting holes tha have not been plugged.
6. Surcharge line
1. Wetness or condensation on wall tha indicates the groundwater level
5. Clem the ledge ofthe manhole rng and inspet for eracks inthe metal pas.
6. Replace the id and check for warped or misfit id and rating or rocking of
hid
While inspecting manholes, wastewater ow characteristics trough the mane shoud be
‘observed Crease and scum presen inthe ewer can usually be detected by these
‘observation. Excessive or sluggish flows can also be deteted through manhole
‘observations, Comparisons should be made between the amount of flow passing through
‘adjacent manholes. If lw flow is foand ina manhole downstream of one which has larger
flows, itis key that an obstuction of some sor exists in the sewer ine between the two
‘manholes whic is causing wastewater o either backup into private sewers and possibly
‘no buildings orexfiltate ito the ground. Further inspections are required when a sewer
obstructions sispected
‘Reconfing Inspection Data
‘An important pat of every manhole inspection i the recording ofall ebservatons on an
inspection record. The following information should be recorded:
1. "Themanhole identification number and location.
2. Themuterials and condition ofthe manhole including construction type,
cove, rng, frame seal, cone, chimney, wall, sepa lft hoes, benches, and
channels.
‘Themanhole depth and opening size.
‘The number and size of holes inthe manhole cover
“The frame grade and alignment.
‘Visible inflation sources and estimated flow rates
Evidence and location of leaks
‘The level of the high water mark,
‘The type and dept of debris found in the manhole.
‘The groundwater level at manhole (indicated by wet marks onthe wal).
11, _Spevifie problems and conditions such as inflow sources, overflows,
bypasses, and manholes in natural ponding areas.
12, Date of inspection,
46 13. Names of the inspectors.
14. Weather conditions
‘An example data shect for manhole inspection is shown in Figure 42,
SEWER INSPECTION
General
‘Asa sewer system ages the sewer pipes ae subject to deterioration or damage duet @
‘varety of reasons. Some ofthe more common causes of sewer dceiortion and damage
ince:
1. Poor constuction practioes suchas improper placement of pipe bedding and
taekfl improper installation ofthe pipe mate, no isang te see
fed grad, and improper connection of priate service laterals t the
pole sytem
‘A poor structural base beneath ihe sewer allowing settlement 0 occur.
}.Caroson both exemaly and intemal
Poor system maintenance allowing small problems to become big problems.
(Carelessnesson the part of contractors installing or maintaining other utilities
and constructing new buildings and roadways,
6. Live loads which exceed the pipe strength,
7, Bath movement from freeze-thaw cycles,
‘To ensure thatthe sewer system will not deteriorate tothe point of requiring emergency
tepairs and to identify any damage done wo the sewers, periodic sewer inspections should
bbe made. Itis suggested that all sewers be inspected ona cyele of once every five years.
‘More frequent sewer inspections may be necessary where sewers pass beneath waterways,
‘ads, railroads, low lying areas subject wo ponding of rainwater, larg tees (especially,
Willow trees), ad in areas witha history of sewer defects,
Sewer inspections can be done by looking into a sewer segment from inside « manhole, by
walking rug he svete if cough oy pling closed eat eenson
camera through ihe sewer. Visual inspections may be adequate for short-term inspections,
‘Fo indicat if ifltration or blockages exist, but the limitations of visually inspecting
sewers from adjacent manholes warrants periodic televising ofthe entire system,
a7 MANHOLE INSPECTION FORM
wHe_—__tocation.
inspecton —___ are.
RAN: NONE UGHT___ HEAVY___/SNOW: NONE FROZEN —__ MELTING _
Surface at Mantle: Gravel Tut Concole Blacktop Other
2, Subject to Pondng/Flooding: YES NO
3. Cover; Standard__ Watertight.
Picktole Sie. Number of Hales
4. Almospheric Cndtions in Manhole prior Ventiation:
5. Mantle Diameter —__ rch
6, Frame algnmertand Seal: Good Faw Poor
7. Consinuction Typo: Brick Block Precast Other
8. Structural condtion: Good Far Poor
9, Rimvinve Elevations:
10. Evidence tvaton: Leaks Stains None
11, Frame Grade: Azove Below Flush
12, Manhole Steps: None Comoded Loose Other_—Sale, Unsate
13, Bench: Fat Steep None Condon.
14, Invor: Shaped Property Shaped improper
15, Number and Sues of Sewers Entaring Mantle Number Sizes.
16, Direct Service Connoctons Entering Manole Number. Drecion: “NSE W
17. Equppedwih Goundwater Gauge: YES NO
18. Groundwater Loe! Above Sewer iwet —__inchos
19, Surcharge Evidence: Watering Height __
20. Debris: None Miner Needs Cleaning
21, Desorbe Debris:
22. Manteo Type: Standard Drop
23. 8) Seal at Manto Frame: Goon NEEDS REPAIR
1) Seal at Fis Jot: ooo NEEDS REPAIR
6) Seal t Bore: 00D NEEDS REPAIR
24, Remarks
FIGURE 4.2, EXAMPLE DATA SHEET FOR MANHOLE INSPECTIONS.
48 WARNING: SEWER LINE INSPECTIONS REQUIRE ENTERING CONFINED
SPACES WHICH MAY HAVE DANGEROUS ATMOSPHERES.
FOLLOW PROPER SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHEN WORKING NEAR
AND BEFORE EVER ENTERING A MANHOLE OR SEWER LINE.
Wallcstuough, Sewers that are large enough to accommodate workers should be
inspected by walking through the sewer. ‘The structural integrity ofthe sewer should be
assessed, This includes checking for loose bricks, deteriorated concrete or cement, cave-
ins, cracks, crushed pipe, misalignments, sags, open joints, and protruding taps. Any
visible inflow ard infiltration sources should be noted with an estimate ofthe flow rate
observed.
‘The sewer pipes should also be inspected for 100 intrusion so tha if found, proper
‘corrective measures can be taken to eliminate them before they seriously darsage the sewer
system. Other problems with the sower pipes should be noted during the walk-through
such as illegal house connections.
Lanning. Small swers canbe inspected for obstruction and inflation using 2
tro andr igh beam. Reflected sunlight or 3 powerful bea of igh is diected down
the pipe fom ome mance he ightcan be sch fom th next manhole, ideas hat
the line open ind stilt. The number of sewer segments na system at can be
Stccessfaly inserted vs xing theming teteige is tral ned by he
distance between mantles, igh tends in the Sewer between manholes, Saping Sewers,
‘oot blockages, clase pipe, and oer ype of ockapes Ts erase ight cannot bs
‘eens he nxt manfole doc ot ean tha sewer blockage exists Ifa secon of pipe
Csinot be sccesflly lumped, pst sewer record shoud We revewed te dtemie fre
{Season other han blockage explaining why the ht beam dd ot passthrough the
Sewer Ifthe review of recotds pons towards Blockage itmay Be necessary oles the
Pipe segment moro pnp te probe.
Even when sewer lamping indicates that a sewer segment is open and straight, it does not
provide any infrmation abut te stuctal condition of the sewer except fr maybe a few
feet adjacent to each manhole,
Sewer lamping is normally done in conjunction with manhole inspections since manhole
‘eniry is required for both types of inspections and the addtional work necessary to do both
inspections simultaneously is only slightly more than doing either one individually
ieuit Tek (Closed circuit television (CCT) inspection is a very
effective and uséful technique for observing the condition of the sewer. In this method a
‘TV camera i puled through the sewer while the picture is shown on a monitor and
‘observed by a worker outside the manhole. CCTV inspection is applicable to sewers four
to fory-cight inches in diameter. CCTV inspection can help to generate inspection reports
and provides @ permanent visual record of al sewer conditions. ‘The use of color camera
system gives adced depth perception although black-and-white systems are usually
adequate. Light sewer cleaning is usually required prior to inspection witha closed circuit
television to allow the camera fo pass through each lie giving an unobstructed View of the
pipe interior to assess its condition
‘Televised picture can be recorded on video tapes which can later be played back for further
inspections. An zudio portion of each tape can be provided by a technician commenting on
49 through CCTV inspection:
1, Inspect the structural condition ofthe sewer and to determine the location of,
problem areas such as pipe or joint separations, drops, ruptures, leaks,
[ervice connections, obstructions, corrosion, misalignments and root
e@ the pipe conditions seen on the television monitor. The following can be accomplished
2. Identify damage done by excavation and construction on utilities, roads, and
buildings.
3. Locate unrecorded connections and legal tps.
4, Detmine inflow and infiltration amounts.
5. Exumine newly installed and/or repaired taps or pipes.
6. lp evaluate the effetivenes of corective methods.
7. Asist in rehabilitation techniques such as grouting, slipining, and inversion
Ting.
‘The equipment requirements for closed circuit television inspection are extensive and
costly. Itis possible to hire a company which specializes in CCTY inspection. Larger
‘communities méy wish to purchase equipment, while smaller ones may decide torent
because ofthe cast.The decision to rent orto buy equipment, orto contract with a
e Specialty company, depends on many factors. These include the amount of pipe to be
televised, how long it wll take, how much money is available, and whether or not qualified
‘maintenance personnel are available 1 do the job.
Like manhole irspections, every sewer inspection requires a detailed inspection record on
‘which the following typical information should be recorded:
1. The length, size, type, and depth ofthe pipe, along with an estimate of the
amount of work required or preventive maintenance needed,
2. Te dept of fow for assessment of pip capsciy and deteton of exrancous
3. Extent of root intrusion and suggested contol techniques.
4, ‘Type and depth of deposits and recommended cleaning methods.
‘5. Tie location of visible infiltration and inflow sources such as open joints,
misaligned joins, cracked pipe, and mineral deposits. If infiltration or inflow
is observed, an estimate of the flow rate should be recorded.
6. The structural condition ofthe pipe.
e 7. The presence of special problems and condions chs collapse pipe,
sagging sewers, and corrosion,
410 8. The location, type, and condition of all service lateral connections and other
tap ins that are observed
9. Thedate of inspection
10. ‘Thenames ofthe inspectors
11, ‘The weather conditions during the inspections.
12, Thetype of surface over the sewer being inspected.
13, The groundwater lve if avaiable
Figure 4-3 shows an example sewer inspection datasheet designed for closed circuit TV
inspections. Thedata sheet could be modified slighty for use during a walk-through
inspection in large sewers
Figure 4-4 shows an example datasheet for sewer lamping inspections. Although sewer
lamping does not provide a large amount of data about sewer conditions its stil important
to keep a record af where it was done and what observations were made.
LIFT STATION INSPECTION
General
Inspection of lift stations, ike sewers and manholes, should be performed routinely as part
of an effective preventive maintenance program. The typical problems encountered in Ut,
Stations include rower Failures such as electrical creut failures and bummed out motors:
Control system failure; pumping failures; mechanical failures suchas breakdown of
bearing, vibrations, poor shaft alignment, ec; and solids depositions such as grit, grease
or floating debris in the wet well, or force mains becoming restricted or plugged. Through
carefully followed inspection program many ofthese failures can be prevented or
corrected before further, more serious problems occur.
Inspstion Prosofures
Before entering any lift station facility, inspection and maintenance personnel must be fully
aware ofthe safety procedures that need to be followed, Safety procedures are presented in
Chapter 9of thismanual.
Lift stations are normally designed to operate with limited operator attention, but their
‘operation depends on the condition ofthe equipment. Regardless ofthe level of work
requited to operase and inspect a lift station, a minimum of two operators should make the
round of inspections for safety reasons. Inspections must be made frequently to ensure
‘smooth operation
4u ‘COMMUNITY,
‘VIDEO TAPE No,
pate.
PIPE LOCATION = ——————
‘SURFACE OVER SEWER: ASPHALT
CONCRETE
Gnass OTHER
PRESHE/DEPT/MATL gp
WEATHER: SUNNY
(CLEANING: NONE
RAIN SNOW TEMP:
JET ROOT CUTTING OTHER
INCONJUNCTION WH DYE-FLOODING: YES NO
CREW CHIEF
ar DIRECTION OF FLOW |
° ° DIRECTION OF CAMERA |
SERVICE
FOOTAGE cone REMARKS go
[EXAMPLE REMARKS:
Bc demorared, tu i intact ote ate
‘rex mesing, bad shown
‘Camera ached onal proceed
(Camara submerged
Craot in pe ansvaa
(Corson indiete seen
Colased poe
Damage (spect ps)
Bebe sccumulated im vert
Distoned shape
lw depth
Intron tow rte
(Grane sccuuition
leva damage (spt).
Ota ont
Separated int
Laakage observed
NMiooral depots
Root intuson|
Sagged ine
Abandoned 9
Protucing tp.
Tap wih rots
Stctural damage (pala conciet, lots briks)
FIGURE 43, EXAMPL
SEWER INSPECTION DATA SHEET
412 cone
INSPECTION CREW:
WEATHER: TEMP: a oe —
‘SECTIONS LAMPED
abi (MH TOM, UN. FT) ‘OBSERVATIONS,
FIGURE 4-4, EXAMPLE SEWER LAMPING DATA SHEET
413 Suggested inspection and maintenance tasks that should be performed on a daily basis
include:
Nore:
Is.
16,
NOTE:
i7
18,
19.
20.
Follow manufacturers inspections for operation and maintenance of all
‘equipment. Requirements vary from manufacturer to manufacturer.
Check make cena he electric power son,
Make sre no cit breakers have been tripped.
Read and record values on counters and timers.
Inspect, clean, and Irate motors an ings
Inpect and clean wet well level senor loctodes and bubbler bes.
Ines and clean motr stares and eay.
Check the operation ofthe gland water pump motors and clectc valves.
Inpect nd clean ll oma ate controls
Check Kilowat meters and cans and record dats
tec chien Rete yin rs
Check he float switches and motors oni sation sp pumps,
Inspect and clean bar sereen or communitor and conto.
Inspec indicating Highs on ll equipment and telemetry equipment contol if
apotcable
Inupect pumps and bearings, If needed lobrcae and epack bearings
following manufacturer instructions
Ingpect and lubricate line shaft bearings.
Inspect and lubricate gland water pumps and bearings.
[Never substitute a cheap or economy lubricant forthe type recommended by
the pump or equipment supplier.
“Make sure the pump packing isnot leaking too much water and isnot oo
‘ig.
Insect check valves and verify that they ate not stk ether open or
pata closed ied
Inspect sump pump floats and all discharge piping and valves.
(Check the position and operation of all flow control gates.
414 21. Check the drives and sreens on all mechanically cleaned bar screens
22. Inspect comminators fo proper operations.
23. Inspect, clean, and lubricate ll air compressors
24, Manually clean ar sereens
25. Mace sue all vent fans and lights ae operating properly.
26. Enter any observed problems in othe it station log books.
27. Pick upall debris in side and outside ofthe facility
28. Before leaving the facility make sure itis secure
29. Plow snow if necessary
enance tasks that should be performed once a week include:
Suggested inspection and mi
1. Check all equipment, piping and valves for leakage
2. Operate each waster pup inthe “naval or “hand positon and nspet
Ihe pump and motor for eseesve noise or bration,
3. Check ll motors for excessive temperature increases
4. Check ll pressure and vacuum gouges.
5. Inspect and clean sump pump wells if necessary.
6. Clean and reposition lots and level sensor electrodes in the wet wel
7. Inspect wet well piping and ladders.
8. Mow the lift station yard if necessary
9. Wipe down all equipment.
10. Replace econding chars 2s required,
11, Exercise standby equipment to dry out water, redistibute lubricant and ensure
‘operational readiness,
12. Check operation ofall lift station alarm systems,
‘Suggested inspection and maintenance tasks that should be performed once a month
include:
1. Operate all flow control gates and valves to prevent them from seizing
2. Remove the pump casing inspection pats and remove any debris that has
accumulated, . aa
41s 3. Check calibration and recalibrate flow meters if necessary in accordance with
‘the manufacture’ instructions.
(Chan all ventilation openings
(Check first aid supplies.
“Take inventory of spare parts. Verify that depleted par have been ordered.
7. Check the condition of paint both inside and outside the lift station.
‘Suggested inspection and maintenance tasks that should be performed once a year include:
1. _Dismante the wastewater pumps to inspect the impellers, shafts, and shaft
sleeves.
2. Inspect and clean all components of the ventilating fans, heaters, sump
pumps, and dehumidifiers.
3. Inspect the condition of al electrical equipment.
4, Paint areas both inside and outside ofthe
station as needed.
5. Inspect the inlet and outlet piping atthe lift station, Clean the piping if
nesded.
6. Clean the wet well of accumulated grease, floating debris, and grit. Grease
and floating debris can be removed with a vacuum unit mounted on a truck or
trailer, Grit can be removed by pumping down the wet well level and
‘vacuuming out the grit. Grit can also be removed by using clam shell or
bbocket machine if there is available access. Commonly gntis removed by
resuspending it using a high pressure water steam and allowing it to be
purnped through the collection system. ‘This method of cleaning grit from wet
‘well has the disadvantage of causing additional wear on the pumps.
7. Ce etn ad ec i ace.
NOTE! Calibration oguiremens vay from spp supple.
anfacueelbraton reuement mst be allowed)
Daily visits to pump stations may seem excessive for some communities, or may not be
feasible duc to employee andor time constraints.
Equipment lubrication reservoirs must be large enough to supply lubricants between station
Visis. A telemey system can also be installed to increase the amount of time between
station inspections. At the minimum, 2 high water alarm should be installed. Other
recommended alarms include those forthe water level inthe sump pump pit of the dry well,
[power failure, ar compressor failure and intrusion. Auxiliary alarms can be used 0
Indicate water supply pressure chlorine leaks, and high temperature of motors and
engines.
very lift station must have a well-organized operation and maintenance manual that can be
used during routine inspections and maintenance. ‘The operation and maintenance manual
for the lift station should include:
416 1A functional description ofthe lift station,
2. Teli
station location, which can be indicated on an area map,
3. Bavipment datasheets for ll mechanical and electrical equipment including
a. Manufacture’ name.
». Model number
©. Type,
4, Sizeleapacity parameters. (gpm, hp, 7pm, kv et.)
Spare pars.
£ Any other peninent daa,
Valve and piping daa
‘A schematic drawing or flow diagram showing all important equipment.
‘Schematic wiring diagrams forall electrical equipment.
‘A description of lift station startup procedures and normal mode of operation
Destrption of alternate operating modes.
‘A description of potential emergency situations and emergency modes of|
operation.
10. Safar instructions associated with operating and maintaining the lift station,
11. A summary ofthe preventive maintenance schedule using the equipment
‘manufacturer literature to develop the schedule.
12. Openton and rintenance mana supplied by the equipment
13, Emergency phone numbers and key contact personnel
‘Reconding Inspection Data
Allinspectons an routine mintenance tsk, along with problems encountered and
‘pais should be recorded on daa sees. Te datasheet shouldbe designed fined
atl specie inspectons tnd maintenance asks tech ti saon
Most it station wl euniqve with respect the pump sation type (wet wellry well or
set web, type and nombe of equipment anit, and equipment manufscuers, Tova
ines a rns rent wl way aac i ation aking cao
‘se standard date sect for evoding data at all i stations. Inspection and taitenance
tas at each it station should be recorded on datasheets designed in secondanoe th he
preventive maintenance program dictated bythe design, equipment, and operation of each
Saton
47 Data should be entered on data sheets developed separately for daily, weekly, monthly, and
annual maintenance and inspection tasks. ‘The datasheets shouldbe stored in a log book at
the lift station with a least one duplicate copy stored in the community's central office area,
‘The data sheets generally should include the following basic information:
1, Thedate
2. The inspectors names.
3. Time inspectors arived/time inspectors left important for budgeting and
‘manpower projections).
4, The pump running ime for each pump.
‘5. Readings indicated on all station meters and gauges including wlty company
eters,
6. Check off all equipment inspected and note any unusual observations.
7. Check off the routine maintenance tasks that were completed on specific
‘equipment and controls ie. cleaning and lubricating.
8. Indicate if wet wells were cleaned,
9. Indicate if sump pump wells were cleaned
10, Ne any emergency conditions encountered.
11, Resor station equipment ures,
12, Indicate if leaning of debris was done inside and ouside ofthe it sation
13, Indicate it yard mowing was done.
14. Check oft if painted areas were inspected and indicate if painting work was
‘completed or if itis required.
Equipment failures and emergency conditions encountered should be recorded on a separate
data sheet and stored in the it station log in an area designated for emergency conditions
and equipment fil
INVERTED SIPHON INSPECTION
General
‘An inverted sipton can be defined as any sag or depression purposely designed into a
Sewer to allow for it to pass under manmade or natural obstructions such as other utilities,
rivers, steams, subways, and valleys. Inverted siphons normally remain full of
wastewater even during iow flow conditions. Most inverted siphons contain atleast two
parallel pipe barels, each a diferent diameter. The smaller pipe barel conveys wastewater
‘during low flows a a velocity high enough to scour solid from the invert ofthe siphon.
418 ‘During higher lows the larger siphon barrel would convey the larger flows, For
‘maintenance and inspection purposes an inlet and outlet structure are designed as part ofthe
inverted siphon.
Because solids tad w seule out in inverted siphons, dhe siphons must be inspected and
‘ushed regulass. Invened siphons aso allo for odors o be released i provisions have
‘ot been made tallow sewer ges tobe transfered from the upsteam end of the siphon
to the downstream end
Inspection rocatures
WARNING: DIVERTED SIPHONS AND THEIR INLET AND OUTLET
STRUCTURES ARE CONFINED SPACES AND MAY HAVE
DANGEROUS ATMOSPHERES, FOLLOW PROPER SAFETY
PRECAUTIONS WIEN WORKING NEAR AND BEFORE EVER
ENTERING AN INVERTED SIPHON OR RELATED STRUCTURES.
Inverted siphons must be inspected rotinely to verify that they are operating propery
Since the rstn nspetons retire entry of siphon inlet and te sractres where
dangerous atmospheres can exist, proper safety precautions must be followed.
Frequent inspections are necessary to make sure obstructions are not affecting the operation
of the inverted siphon. ‘These inspections should include:
1, Observing flows upstream and downstream ofthe siphon. Sluggish upstream
flows with lower than usual flows observed downstream would indicate 8
blockage.
2. _Allmechanical parts should be inspected for accumulated debris and cleaned if
necessary.
3. Theentrance hatches forthe inlet and the outlet structures should be checked
for security
4. Ifthe siphon is equipped with ar vent piping between the inlet and outlet
structures, it should be checked for proper operation,
'S. Slide gates should be exereised to prevent seizing.
‘To assist during the inspection procedure, an operation and maintenance manual should be
available foreach inverted siphon in the system. ‘The design and operation may be different
teach siphon location. ‘The operation and maintenance manual should include as 8
‘minimune the fol owing information:
1, Allcation map,
2. A functional description ofthe inverted siphon and appurtenances,
3. Description of statup and normal operation.
4. Description of alternate operating modes.
5. Description of emergency operation
419 6. A schematic including all piping, valves, gates, and weirs.
7. Mechanical and electrical components if any.
8. A listing of tasks and procedures that ned tobe followed during routine
9. A.isting of emergency phone numbers and key contact personnel
10. Safety associated with the various tasks required.
Recording Inspection Data
During each routine inspection at an inverted siphon a data sheet should be completed.
whieh summarizes the inspections and any routine maintenance that was completed. ‘The
datasheets shouldbe stored ina log book forthe inverted siphon and associated
appurtenances. The data sheet typically should include:
1, Thedate of inspection.
2. The inspector's names.
3. General weather conditions.
4. ‘The artval and departure time ofthe inspection crew.
(Observations regarding accumulated debris inthe inlet and outlet structure.
Flow observations.
Note any cleaning or rodding which was required.
Note if odors were detected,
‘The condition and operation of air vet piping.
Record any unusual observations.
JUNCTION CHAMBER INSPECTION
General
Junction chambers are required wien one or more branch sewers join with or enter a main
Sewer resulting inchanges in sewer diameter, direction of flow. and sewer slope.
For small diameter sewers, the junction can be made a a standard size manhole, When
‘sewers are too lage to join ata Standard sized manhole structure, a junction chamber must
be provided in conjunction with manhole riser sections.
Junction chambers are normally designed to minimize turbulence athe structure in order to
‘minimize the release of odors. Design features also are aimed at minimizing the
accumulation of grit, rags, and other typical wastewater debris inthe junction chamber.
420 Inspection Procefures
WARNING: JUNCTION MANHOLES AND CHAMBERS ARE CONFINED SPACES
‘AND MAY HAVE DANGEROUS ATMOSPHERES. FOLLOW PROPER
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHEN WORKING NEAR AND BEFORE.
EVER ENTERING A SEWER JUNCTION CHAMBER.
Junction chambers must be routinely inspected to ensure that the junction outlet does not
become obstructed. ‘The structure ifself needs to be periodically inspected following the
procedures fora typical manhole. A junction chamber will require more frequent cleaning
than a standard manhole.
‘Recording Inspection Data
During each routine junction chamber inspection, observations should be recorded,
[Frequent inspectons require only a small amount of data to be recorded such 2
1. Daw of inspection
2. Inspector’ names
3. Obzerved flow conditions.
4. Amount and ype of debris accumulate,
5. Unesual conditions observed atthe junction chaber sit
6. Indeation of odors.
Daa fom es rgeatnpecons of unto hater race canbe suai on
PRIVATE PROPERTY INSPECTIONS
General
Each local agency must periodically inspect al buildings with potential illegal connections
to the sanitary seer system. When illegal connections are found, they must be removed
regardless ofthe actual system flows. Some agencies may inidate a program where all
buildings are insrected for compliance with local plumbing ordinances each time a building
Js putup forsale. In areas where excessive wet weather flows have been measured and.
[pnvate property ilegal connections have been a the past, inspections should be
‘Gone more frequently to ensure that econneetions have not heen made.
Building In
‘Building inspections are conducted to identify private sector sources of infiltration and
inflow. ‘These sources typically include sump pumps, downspouts, foundation drains,
area drains, and defective service laterals.
421 All personne! assigned to inspecting buildings for illegal connections must be tained to
know what to look for and how to Communicate with the public, ‘The taining should also
cover collecting and recording data
Before starting the field inspections, all property owners should be notified by letter or flier
delivered to each building in te scheduled inspection program,
Ateeach building (residential, commercial, or industrial) the inspector must request
permission to inspect the basement or eral space and the ouside ofthe building
Basements are inspected for sump pumps that discharge stormwater or groundwater tothe
sanitary sewer system, Commonly a basement will hive one sump pump well which
collects groundwater from foundation drains around the building and also wastewater from
floor drains and lundry tubs located in the basement, When this type of plumbing exist it
‘eds to be modified so that the Moor drain and laundry tub discharge to the sanitary sewer
system and the foundation drainage is discharged tothe ground surface around the building
‘ort a storm sewer. Outside ofthe building, the inspectors should look for exterior sump
Pumps, downspouts that discharge below grade, and area drains such as patio, Window
well, and driveway drains.
If permission to enter a building is denied, it should be noted and legal options pursued to
gain the necessary access.
Reconfing Inspection Data
Each time a building inspection is conducted, observations made should be recorded on &
data sheet. Typical information tha should be recorded on the building inspection data
sheet includes
1. ‘Thedate of inspection.
‘The inspector's names,
‘The address and building owner's name.
‘The building type; residential, industrial, commercial, or other.
Status of entry, allowed or refused.
‘Whether a basement exists or not.
‘The number, type, and discharge points for sump pumps identified,
‘Number, type and discharge points for floor drains foundation drains,
window well drains, stairwell drains, downspouts, driveway drains, and
types of yard drains identified.
9. Answers to interview questions regarding:
‘8. Number of years owner has owned property
», Number of basement flooding occurrences.
€. Factors that may have caused basement flooding, if any,
an 10. Status of building, in violation or in compliance.
‘An example data sheet for building inspection is shown in Figure 45
NEW CONSTRUCTION INSPECTION
General
‘ew constnetionof sewer system component in the public and private sector must be
thoroughly inspected before they canbe accepted and put int service as part of the Sewage
‘olegdon ym’ As wel a tung compres wih pam, pts, el
Tumbing ordmanes, an set regulations, early inspeeton wil le personnel o any
Snexpecte modification hat Rave boon made tothe fans, Inspection of new construction
wil also decresethe need fr ftir mainnance, an when documented wil alo provi
2 recont of constriction progress useful for future maintenance which may be required. I
isimportnt to remember to record any new data generated du to constation onthe
existing sewer mp. This shoal be Jone a8 qie¥ly as possible. Remember o give new
Sewers and new manholes thi own enguc sdetificaton numbers.
Inspection of New Sewers
Inspections during the construction of new sewers begins when the new sewer pipe is
Aelivered to the construction site. ‘The quality of the pipe delivered must be as specified,
Pipe not meeting ihe specified quality requirements must be rejected, Inspections must
contin during pp inialiaton io esure tht he enching operations pe ying
procedures, and teach backfilling are all done in accordance with te specified
equirements,
When the sewer pipe fist arives
the construction site it should be inspected for:
1 Proper unloading procedures, High impacts and point loadings onthe pipe
New Private Bul ion
When new buildings are constructed within an agencies service area the inside plumbing
and service connection should be inspected. The inside plumbing should be inspected for
‘compliance with lal plumbing ondinances. Foundation drainage collected in basement or
‘ravi space sumps should be discharged to the ground outsie ofthe building or o a storm
Sewer. Downspoits, window well drains, driveway drains, stairwell drains, and other
types of yant or area drains must be inspected to verify that they are not connected to the
Sanitary Sewer system, Service laterals should be tested for inflation and inspected for
‘connectior 10 the sewer main. The builder should be required to submit certification
‘hat all local plumbing codes have been complied with and that no ilegal connections to the
sanitary sewer system exist.
428 DYED WATER TESTING
General
In areas where problems exist with complaints and sewerage backups, dyed water tests
‘may be required 0 identify sources of inflow that are dificult to locate with other
Inspection techniques. If problems do exist dyed water tests should be considered in areas
where
1. The storm sewers run paralle! to or cross the sanitary sewers and service
laterals and are located above the sanitary sewer system.
2. Suream sections, stormwater drainage ditches, and areas subject to ponding
‘relocated above the sanitary sewer system.
3. Flows from private property drains, sump pumps, and downspouts are
suspected 10 be connected to the sanitary sewer system,
‘Testing Procedures
‘To conduct a dyed water test the following materials are needed:
1. Waer Supply.
a. Fire hydrant
1. Tanker tick,
2. Sandbags or sewer pipe plugs.
3. Fluorescent dyes selected on the basi of:
Safety in handling,
Easy to see at low concentrations.
. Non-reactive with soils and debris inthe sewers,
Biodegradabiliy
4. Portable flow metering equipment.
Before starting Syed water testing program te testing crew mis be tind or reminded
of iy eacrnn oregano. eng eo oe be kid
safety requrenents necessary fr unng pipe plugs and fre hydrant hoses. Also the
testing crew shouldbe warned of potential overflows if cera sewer segments are plugged
GME applicable, wale contol and safety must alo be considered.
‘To conduct dyed water tests on stormwater drainage systems the following procedures
should be followed:
|. Block off the section of storm drain that is suspected to contribute inflow to
the sanitary sewer system. For stormwater drainage ditches use sand bags
and for storm sewers use sewer plugs
2. Fillthe storm sewer or stormwater drainage ditch with dyed water,
429 ‘Observe the flow in the downstream sanitary sewer manholes for the presence
of dye.
4, Measure flows in the downstream manhole before and during the dyed water
tests
45. If dyes detected inthe snitary sewer and the flowrate measured during the
dyed water test increases significantly, the dyed water test should be repeated
‘while a closed circuit TV camera is pulled trough the sanitary sewer to
identify the location ofthe sewer defect.
“To conduct dyed water tests on private property drains the Following procedure should be
used
1, _ Notify the building owner of the impending dyed water tests.
2. Pour dyed water down the suspect drain, downspout, or into the sump pump
well
3. Check the sewer flow forthe presence of dye atthe first downstream manhole
Jin the sanitary sewer system.
‘Testing
‘Dyed water testing results should be recorded on a data sheet foreach test setup. The data
sheet should include information such as
1, Thedate
2. Thenarmes ofthe personnel conducting the ts.
3. Thelocation ofthe setup, A sketch should be included on the data sheet
‘which clearly indiates what was flooded with dyed water and the relationship
tote sanitary sewer system. ‘The sketch should ince the manhole
humbers where dye was checked for.
4, "Thetypeof setup,
Som sewer
= Siormwater drainage ditch
atch basin,
“vate propery dain or discharge (specify type)
“The ime that flooding began and ended.
“The me hat dye was observed and the concentration ofthe dye
“The time that the checking for dye ended if none was observed.
Flow measurements (or depth of flow) before testing began and during the
time dye was observed in the sanitary sewer,
9. ‘The length of storm sewer or itch that was flooded,
430 10, ‘Thediameter ofthe storm sewer flooded or general ditch dimensions.
11, Treamount of water that was used forthe setup.
12, Remarks related to these up such as:
a. Soil conditions.
b. Previous weather conditions and weather conditions during the setup.
. Unusual observations made during the test
4. Problems encountered during the test
. Type and description of private property fixture that were tested
‘An example datasheet for dyed water testing is shown in Figure 4-6.
SMOKE TESTING
General
In areas where complaints pertaining tothe sanitary sewer system are common and in areas
where sewers backup, smoke testing may be required to identify sources of inflow that are