PYQ’S

 CDS 1 2021
1. Who is regarded as the father of modern chemistry?
A. Isaac Newton
B. Antoine Lavoisier
C. Robert Boyle
D. Dmitri Mendeleev
✅ Answer: B. Antoine Lavoisier
🧠 Explanation: Antoine Lavoisier is considered the father of modern chemistry
for his work on the law of conservation of mass and naming oxygen and
hydrogen.

2. What is the function of red blood cells?

A. Fight infection
B. Help in clotting
C. Carry oxygen
D. Control body temperature
✅ Answer: C. Carry oxygen
🧠 Explanation: Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds with oxygen
and transports it from the lungs to the body tissues.

3. The disease 'ringworm' is caused by—

A. Bacteria
B. Virus
C. Fungus
D. Protozoa
✅ Answer: C. Fungus
🧠 Explanation: Ringworm is a common fungal infection of the skin caused by
dermatophytes, not worms.

4. Which instrument is used to measure humidity?

A. Barometer
B. Thermometer
C. Hygrometer
D. Anemometer
✅ Answer: C. Hygrometer
🧠 Explanation: A hygrometer measures the amount of water vapor (humidity)
in the air.

5. Which of the following is a noble gas?

A. Hydrogen
B. Nitrogen
C. Oxygen
D. Neon
✅ Answer: D. Neon
🧠 Explanation: Neon is a noble gas in Group 18, chemically inert and used in
lighting.

6. What is the primary source of energy for Earth?

A. Moon
B. Volcanoes
C. Stars
D. Sun
✅ Answer: D. Sun
🧠 Explanation: The Sun provides light and heat energy essential for life and
climate systems on Earth.

7. Which vitamin is produced in the human body in the presence of

sunlight?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin D
✅ Answer: D. Vitamin D
🧠 Explanation: The skin synthesizes Vitamin D when exposed to UVB rays in
sunlight, essential for calcium absorption.

8. In which organ does digestion begin?

A. Stomach
B. Mouth
C. Small intestine
D. Large intestine
✅ Answer: B. Mouth
🧠 Explanation: Digestion begins in the mouth with the enzyme amylase
breaking down carbohydrates.

9. The SI unit of electric current is—

A. Volt
B. Ohm
C. Ampere
D. Watt
✅ Answer: C. Ampere
🧠 Explanation: Ampere (A) is the SI unit of electric current, measuring the
flow of electric charge.

10. Which type of lens is used to correct myopia (short-sightedness)?

A. Convex lens
B. Concave lens
C. Cylindrical lens
D. Plano-convex lens
✅ Answer: B. Concave lens
🧠 Explanation: A concave lens diverges light rays and is used to correct
nearsightedness.

11. Which of the following is a vector quantity?

A. Distance
B. Speed
C. Displacement
D. Temperature
✅ Answer: C. Displacement
🧠 Explanation: Displacement has both magnitude and direction, making it a
vector. Speed and distance are scalar.

12. Which part of the human brain is responsible for maintaining posture
and balance?
A. Cerebrum
B. Medulla
C. Cerebellum
D. Hypothalamus
✅ Answer: C. Cerebellum
🧠 Explanation: The cerebellum regulates motor movements, posture, and
balance.

13. Which of these is not a chemical change?

A. Rusting of iron
B. Melting of ice
C. Burning of wood
D. Cooking of food
✅ Answer: B. Melting of ice
🧠 Explanation: Melting is a physical change, while the rest are chemical
changes that alter the substance’s composition.

14. What is the function of bile juice in digestion?

A. Digest proteins
B. Digest carbohydrates
C. Emulsify fats
D. Absorb water
✅ Answer: C. Emulsify fats
🧠 Explanation: Bile from the liver emulsifies fats into small droplets, aiding fat
digestion by lipase.

15. Which acid is present in the stomach?

A. Hydrochloric acid
B. Sulfuric acid
C. Nitric acid
D. Acetic acid
✅ Answer: A. Hydrochloric acid
🧠 Explanation: HCl in the stomach helps digest food and kills pathogens.

16. Which gas is released during photosynthesis?

A. Oxygen
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Nitrogen
D. Hydrogen
✅ Answer: A. Oxygen
🧠 Explanation: During photosynthesis, plants absorb CO₂ and release O₂ as a
by-product.

17. What is the boiling point of water at standard atmospheric pressure?

A. 0°C
B. 50°C
C. 100°C
D. 120°C
✅ Answer: C. 100°C
🧠 Explanation: At 1 atm pressure, water boils at 100°C.

18. Which blood cells help in clotting?

A. Red blood cells
B. White blood cells
C. Platelets
D. Plasma
✅ Answer: C. Platelets
🧠 Explanation: Platelets or thrombocytes help stop bleeding by forming clots.

19. What is the chemical formula of washing soda?

A. NaCl
B. Na₂CO₃·10H₂O
C. NaHCO₃
D. CaCO₃
✅ Answer: B. Na₂CO₃·10H₂O
🧠 Explanation: Washing soda is hydrated sodium carbonate, used as a water
softener.

20. Which disease is caused by the deficiency of iodine?

A. Scurvy
B. Rickets
C. Goitre
D. Anemia
✅ Answer: C. Goitre
🧠 Explanation: Iodine is essential for thyroid function. Its deficiency causes
enlargement of the thyroid gland (goitre).

21. Which of the following is used in pencils?

A. Charcoal
B. Graphite
C. Carbon
D. Lead
✅ Answer: B. Graphite
🧠 Explanation: Pencil "lead" is actually graphite, a form of carbon.

22. Which process is responsible for the blue color of the sky?
A. Reflection
B. Refraction
C. Dispersion
D. Scattering
✅ Answer: D. Scattering
🧠 Explanation: Rayleigh scattering of shorter (blue) wavelengths by air
molecules causes the sky to appear blue.

23. Which of these is a sexually transmitted disease?

A. Cholera
B. Malaria
C. AIDS
D. Typhoid
✅ Answer: C. AIDS
🧠 Explanation: AIDS (caused by HIV) is transmitted through blood, semen,
and other bodily fluids.

24. The human heart has how many chambers?

A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
✅ Answer: C. 4
🧠 Explanation: The heart has two atria and two ventricles.

25. The filament of an electric bulb is made of—

A. Copper
B. Iron
C. Tungsten
D. Silver
✅ Answer: C. Tungsten
🧠 Explanation: Tungsten has a high melting point (~3400°C) and is used in
bulb filaments.
26. Which organ in the human body secretes insulin?
A. Liver
B. Kidney
C. Pancreas
D. Gall bladder
✅ Answer: C. Pancreas
🧠 Explanation: The pancreas secretes insulin to regulate blood glucose levels.

27. Which part of the cell contains genetic material?

A. Cytoplasm
B. Nucleus
C. Ribosome
D. Mitochondria
✅ Answer: B. Nucleus
🧠 Explanation: The nucleus contains DNA, which carries genetic information.

28. Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

A. CO₂
B. CH₄
C. N₂
D. O₃
✅ Answer: C. N₂
🧠 Explanation: Nitrogen makes up most of the atmosphere but is not a
greenhouse gas.

29. Which component of blood helps fight infection?

A. Plasma
B. Red blood cells
C. White blood cells
D. Platelets
✅ Answer: C. White blood cells
🧠 Explanation: WBCs (leukocytes) defend the body against infection and
foreign substances.
  CDS 2 2021
1. Which metal is found in haemoglobin?
A. Copper
B. Calcium
C. Iron
D. Magnesium
✅ Answer: C. Iron
🧠 Explanation: Iron is the central metal atom in haemoglobin, binding to
oxygen in red blood cells.

2. What is the SI unit of electric current?

A. Ohm
B. Volt
C. Ampere
D. Watt
✅ Answer: C. Ampere
🧠 Explanation: The SI unit of electric current is Ampere (A), which measures
the rate of flow of charge.

3. What is the main function of white blood cells?

A. Transport oxygen
B. Help in clotting
C. Defend the body
D. Carry nutrients
✅ Answer: C. Defend the body
🧠 Explanation: White blood cells (WBCs) are the immune cells of the body,
fighting infections and foreign bodies.

4. The process of conversion of water into vapour is called—

A. Condensation
B. Sublimation
C. Evaporation
D. Melting
✅ Answer: C. Evaporation
🧠 Explanation: Evaporation is the physical change where a liquid turns into
vapor, especially from the surface.

5. Which part of the eye is sensitive to light?

A. Cornea
B. Retina
C. Iris
D. Lens
✅ Answer: B. Retina
🧠 Explanation: The retina contains photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) that
respond to light and send signals to the brain.

6. Which gas is used in the preparation of soda water?

A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
C. Hydrogen
D. Carbon dioxide
✅ Answer: D. Carbon dioxide
🧠 Explanation: CO₂ is dissolved under pressure in soda water to give it fizz.

7. What causes a rainbow?

A. Reflection only
B. Refraction only
C. Scattering
D. Dispersion
✅ Answer: D. Dispersion
🧠 Explanation: A rainbow forms due to dispersion of sunlight by water droplets
— light splits into its component colors.

8. Which of these planets has the longest day?

A. Earth
B. Mars
C. Venus
D. Jupiter
✅ Answer: C. Venus
🧠 Explanation: Venus has a slow rotation — one Venusian day is longer than
its year (about 243 Earth days).

9. The pH of a neutral solution is—

A. 0
B. 7
C. 14
D. 1
✅ Answer: B. 7
🧠 Explanation: pH 7 indicates neutrality. Below 7 is acidic; above 7 is basic.

10. Which of the following diseases is caused by a protozoan?

A. Tuberculosis
B. Malaria
C. AIDS
D. Cholera
✅ Answer: B. Malaria
🧠 Explanation: Malaria is caused by Plasmodium, a protozoan parasite
transmitted via female Anopheles mosquitoes.
11. The common salt we use is chemically known as—
A. Sodium nitrate
B. Sodium bicarbonate
C. Sodium carbonate
D. Sodium chloride
✅ Answer: D. Sodium chloride
🧠 Explanation: Table salt is NaCl, used for seasoning and essential for body
electrolyte balance.

12. What is the function of insulin in the body?

A. Raise blood sugar level
B. Lower blood sugar level
C. Provide immunity
D. Digest proteins
✅ Answer: B. Lower blood sugar level
🧠 Explanation: Insulin regulates blood glucose levels by promoting absorption
of glucose into cells.

13. Which part of the plant conducts photosynthesis?

A. Stem
B. Roots
C. Leaves
D. Flowers
✅ Answer: C. Leaves
🧠 Explanation: Leaves contain chloroplasts with chlorophyll, which absorb
sunlight for photosynthesis.

14. Which metal is liquid at room temperature?

A. Iron
B. Mercury
C. Aluminium
D. Zinc
✅ Answer: B. Mercury
🧠 Explanation: Mercury (Hg) is the only metal that remains in liquid state at
room temperature.

15. Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

A. Carbon dioxide
B. Methane
C. Nitrous oxide
D. Oxygen
✅ Answer: D. Oxygen
🧠 Explanation: Oxygen doesn’t trap heat in the atmosphere like greenhouse
gases do.
16. Sound travels fastest in—
A. Air
B. Water
C. Vacuum
D. Steel
✅ Answer: D. Steel
🧠 Explanation: Sound needs a medium and travels fastest in solids due to
closely packed molecules.

17. What is the chemical formula of quick lime?

A. CaO
B. Ca(OH)₂
C. CaCO₃
D. CaCl₂
✅ Answer: A. CaO
🧠 Explanation: Quick lime is calcium oxide, used in cement and other
chemical industries.

18. Which is not a function of the liver?

A. Detoxification
B. Producing bile
C. Secreting insulin
D. Storing glycogen
✅ Answer: C. Secreting insulin
🧠 Explanation: Insulin is secreted by the pancreas, not the liver.

19. DNA is found in—

A. Mitochondria only
B. Nucleus
C. Ribosome
D. Cytoplasm
✅ Answer: B. Nucleus
🧠 Explanation: The nucleus houses the genetic material (DNA) in cells.

20. Which disease is caused due to Vitamin C deficiency?

A. Rickets
B. Scurvy
C. Beriberi
D. Night blindness
✅ Answer: B. Scurvy
🧠 Explanation: Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy — symptoms include
bleeding gums and fatigue.

21. The function of bile is to—

A. Digest protein
B. Digest carbohydrates
C. Emulsify fats
D. Absorb vitamins
✅ Answer: C. Emulsify fats
🧠 Explanation: Bile from the liver breaks large fat globules into smaller ones,
aiding digestion.

22. Which one of these is a communicable disease?

A. Cancer
B. Diabetes
C. Tuberculosis
D. Arthritis
✅ Answer: C. Tuberculosis
🧠 Explanation: TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and spreads
through air.

23. Which gas is known as laughing gas?

A. Nitric oxide
B. Nitrous oxide
C. Carbon monoxide
D. Methane
✅ Answer: B. Nitrous oxide
🧠 Explanation: N₂O is used in anesthesia and produces a euphoric effect when
inhaled.

24. Which vitamin helps in blood clotting?

A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K
✅ Answer: D. Vitamin K
🧠 Explanation: Vitamin K activates proteins needed for blood coagulation.

25. The largest organ in the human body is—

A. Liver
B. Skin
C. Lungs
D. Brain
✅ Answer: B. Skin
🧠 Explanation: The skin is the largest organ by area, providing protection and
regulation.

26. What is the main constituent of LPG?

A. Methane
B. Ethane
C. Butane
D. Propane
✅ Answer: C. Butane
🧠 Explanation: LPG is a mix of butane and propane, used as fuel in households
and industries.

27. Which device converts chemical energy to electrical energy?

A. Generator
B. Battery
C. Motor
D. Transformer
✅ Answer: B. Battery
🧠 Explanation: Batteries convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy
for use.

28. Which of these is not found in animal cells?

A. Mitochondria
B. Nucleus
C. Cell wall
D. Golgi body
✅ Answer: C. Cell wall
🧠 Explanation: Cell walls are found in plant cells, not in animal cells.

29. Which type of mirror is used in a car’s side-view mirror?

A. Concave
B. Convex
C. Plane
D. Cylindrical
✅ Answer: B. Convex
🧠 Explanation: Convex mirrors give a wider field of view, useful for vehicles.

30. The filament of an electric bulb is made of—

A. Copper
B. Iron
C. Tungsten
D. Aluminium
✅ Answer: C. Tungsten
🧠 Explanation: Tungsten has a high melting point, making it ideal for light
bulb filaments.
  CDS 1 2022
1. Which of the following is a scalar quantity?
A. Acceleration
B. Force
C. Momentum
D. Energy
✅ Answer: D. Energy
🧠 Explanation: Scalar quantities have magnitude only. Energy has no direction,
unlike the others which are vectors.

2. Which of the following vitamins is synthesized by human skin in the

presence of sunlight?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin D
✅ Answer: D. Vitamin D
🧠 Explanation: UV rays in sunlight help skin produce Vitamin D, vital for bone
health.

3. What is the primary function of red blood cells?

A. Transport nutrients
B. Fight infections
C. Transport oxygen
D. Regulate body temperature
✅ Answer: C. Transport oxygen
🧠 Explanation: RBCs contain hemoglobin which binds with oxygen and carries
it to body tissues.

4. Which of the following causes Malaria?

A. Bacteria
B. Virus
C. Fungus
D. Protozoa
✅ Answer: D. Protozoa
🧠 Explanation: Plasmodium protozoa causes malaria, transmitted via female
Anopheles mosquito.

5. Which part of the human brain controls body temperature, hunger, and
thirst?
A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum
C. Medulla oblongata
D. Hypothalamus
✅ Answer: D. Hypothalamus
🧠 Explanation: The hypothalamus maintains homeostasis — regulating hunger,
thirst, and temperature.

6. Which gas is responsible for the pungent smell during lightning?

A. Carbon monoxide
B. Ozone
C. Sulphur dioxide
D. Hydrogen
✅ Answer: B. Ozone
🧠 Explanation: Lightning converts atmospheric oxygen into ozone, causing the
sharp, pungent odor.

7. Which metal is stored under kerosene to prevent reaction with air and
moisture?
A. Aluminium
B. Zinc
C. Sodium
D. Copper
✅ Answer: C. Sodium
🧠 Explanation: Sodium is highly reactive; it catches fire in contact with
moisture or air.

8. Which disease is caused by the deficiency of iodine?

A. Rickets
B. Goitre
C. Scurvy
D. Beriberi
✅ Answer: B. Goitre
🧠 Explanation: Iodine is essential for thyroid function. Its deficiency leads to
goitre (swelling of thyroid).

9. Which planet is known as the "Evening Star"?

A. Mercury
B. Venus
C. Mars
D. Saturn
✅ Answer: B. Venus
🧠 Explanation: Venus is called the "Evening Star" due to its bright appearance
after sunset.

10. Which organ in the human body produces bile?

A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Kidney
D. Spleen
✅ Answer: A. Liver
🧠 Explanation: Liver produces bile to aid fat digestion. It is stored in the
gallbladder.

11. Which part of the plant is responsible for photosynthesis?

A. Root
B. Flower
C. Leaf
D. Stem
✅ Answer: C. Leaf
🧠 Explanation: Leaves contain chlorophyll, which traps sunlight and enables
the process of photosynthesis.

12. What is the function of the pancreas?

A. Pump blood
B. Filter blood
C. Produce insulin
D. Store bile
✅ Answer: C. Produce insulin
🧠 Explanation: The pancreas regulates blood sugar by producing insulin and
other digestive enzymes.

13. Which of the following acids is found in the stomach?

A. Acetic acid
B. Nitric acid
C. Sulphuric acid
D. Hydrochloric acid
✅ Answer: D. Hydrochloric acid
🧠 Explanation: HCl helps digest food and kill bacteria in the stomach.

14. What is the function of xylem in plants?

A. Transport food
B. Transport water
C. Perform photosynthesis
D. Protect the plant
✅ Answer: B. Transport water
🧠 Explanation: Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to other parts
of the plant.

15. Which vitamin helps in blood clotting?

A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin D
✅ Answer: C. Vitamin K
🧠 Explanation: Vitamin K is essential for synthesizing proteins required for
blood clotting.

16. What is the chemical formula of methane?

A. CO₂
B. C₂H₆
C. CH₄
D. H₂CO₃
✅ Answer: C. CH₄
🧠 Explanation: Methane is the simplest alkane, consisting of one carbon and
four hydrogen atoms.

17. Which part of the cell contains genetic material?

A. Cytoplasm
B. Mitochondria
C. Nucleus
D. Cell wall
✅ Answer: C. Nucleus
🧠 Explanation: The nucleus houses DNA, which contains the cell’s genetic
instructions.

18. Which metal is liquid at room temperature?

A. Mercury
B. Zinc
C. Silver
D. Aluminium
✅ Answer: A. Mercury
🧠 Explanation: Mercury is the only metal that remains in liquid state at
standard room temperature and pressure.
19. What is the SI unit of pressure?
A. Newton
B. Joule
C. Pascal
D. Watt
✅ Answer: C. Pascal
🧠 Explanation: Pascal (Pa) = Newton/m²; it measures pressure as force per unit
area.

20. Which blood group is called the universal donor?

A. AB+
B. O–
C. A+
D. B–
✅ Answer: B. O–
🧠 Explanation: O negative blood lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, so it can be
given to people of any blood type.

21. Which organ is called the "powerhouse of the cell"?

A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondria
D. Endoplasmic reticulum
✅ Answer: C. Mitochondria
🧠 Explanation: Mitochondria generate ATP (energy) through cellular
respiration — powering cell functions.

22. Which of the following is an example of a renewable resource?

A. Coal
B. Natural gas
C. Wind energy
D. Petroleum
✅ Answer: C. Wind energy
🧠 Explanation: Wind is a naturally replenished resource, unlike fossil fuels
which take millions of years to form.

23. Which element is the most abundant in the Earth's crust?

A. Iron
B. Silicon
C. Aluminium
D. Oxygen
✅ Answer: D. Oxygen
🧠 Explanation: Oxygen makes up ~46% of Earth’s crust by weight, mostly in
oxides and silicates.

24. What is the role of white blood cells (WBCs)?

A. Carry oxygen
B. Clot blood
C. Provide immunity
D. Regulate temperature
✅ Answer: C. Provide immunity
🧠 Explanation: WBCs fight infections by attacking bacteria, viruses, and
foreign substances.

25. Which phenomenon is responsible for the formation of a rainbow?

A. Reflection
B. Refraction
C. Diffraction
D. Dispersion
✅ Answer: D. Dispersion
🧠 Explanation: Dispersion splits white sunlight into its spectrum as it passes
through water droplets.

26. Which component of blood helps in clotting?

A. Red blood cells
B. White blood cells
C. Platelets
D. Plasma
✅ Answer: C. Platelets
🧠 Explanation: Platelets aggregate at the site of injury and release chemicals
that help form a blood clot.

27. Which vitamin is primarily found in citrus fruits?

A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B₁₂
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin K
✅ Answer: C. Vitamin C
🧠 Explanation: Citrus fruits like oranges, lemons, and limes are rich in Vitamin
C (ascorbic acid), which helps in tissue repair and immunity.

28. The SI unit of electric current is:

A. Watt
B. Volt
C. Ohm
D. Ampere
✅ Answer: D. Ampere
🧠 Explanation: Ampere (A) is the base SI unit used to measure electric current
flow.

29. Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?

A. Carbon dioxide
B. Methane
C. Nitrogen
D. Water vapor
✅ Answer: C. Nitrogen
🧠 Explanation: Nitrogen (N₂) is inert and does not trap heat, unlike greenhouse
gases like CO₂, CH₄, and H₂O vapor.
30. What is the boiling point of pure water at sea level?
A. 0°C
B. 50°C
C. 100°C
D. 212°C
✅ Answer: C. 100°C
🧠 Explanation: Water boils at 100°C (212°F) under 1 atm pressure — standard
sea level conditions.
 CDS 2 2022
1. Which one of the following is the hardest substance in the human body?
A. Bone
B. Tooth enamel
C. Cartilage
D. Dentin
✅ Answer: B. Tooth enamel
🧠 Explanation: Enamel is the outermost layer of the tooth and the hardest
substance in the human body due to high mineral content.

2. What is the function of red blood cells in the human body?

A. Fight infection
B. Aid blood clotting
C. Carry oxygen
D. Produce antibodies
✅ Answer: C. Carry oxygen
🧠 Explanation: RBCs contain hemoglobin, which binds with oxygen and
transports it to cells throughout the body.

3. The chemical formula of washing soda is:

A. NaCl
B. Na₂CO₃
C. NaHCO₃
D. CaCO₃
✅ Answer: B. Na₂CO₃
🧠 Explanation: Washing soda is sodium carbonate, a common household
cleaning agent.

4. Which of the following causes Malaria?

A. Virus
B. Fungus
C. Protozoa
D. Bacteria
✅ Answer: C. Protozoa
🧠 Explanation: Malaria is caused by Plasmodium species, a protozoan parasite
transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes.

5. What is the unit of electric power?

A. Ampere
B. Ohm
C. Volt
D. Watt
✅ Answer: D. Watt
🧠 Explanation: Electric power is the rate at which electrical energy is
consumed or converted into another form, measured in watts.

6. Which gas is filled in electric bulbs?

A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Hydrogen
✅ Answer: B. Nitrogen
🧠 Explanation: Nitrogen or argon is used to prevent the tungsten filament from
oxidizing.

7. What is the chemical symbol for gold?

A. Go
B. Au
C. Gd
D. Ag
✅ Answer: B. Au
🧠 Explanation: Au comes from the Latin name Aurum, meaning shining dawn.

8. Which vitamin is also known as Retinol?

A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin D
✅ Answer: A. Vitamin A
🧠 Explanation: Vitamin A (Retinol) is essential for good vision, immune
system, and cell growth.

9. Which part of the human brain is responsible for balance and

coordination?
A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum
C. Medulla
D. Hypothalamus
✅ Answer: B. Cerebellum
🧠 Explanation: The cerebellum maintains posture, balance, and coordination of
voluntary movements.

10. The process of conversion of solid directly into gas is called:

A. Condensation
B. Sublimation
C. Evaporation
D. Freezing
✅ Answer: B. Sublimation
🧠 Explanation: Sublimation is the transition from solid to gas without passing
through the liquid phase.
11. Which one of the following is used in pencils?
A. Graphite
B. Silicon
C. Charcoal
D. Phosphorus
✅ Answer: A. Graphite
🧠 Explanation: Pencil "lead" is actually made from graphite, a form of carbon
that marks paper.

12. What is the color of the star Sirius?

A. Red
B. Yellow
C. Blue-white
D. Orange
✅ Answer: C. Blue-white
🧠 Explanation: Sirius, the brightest star in the night sky, has a blue-white hue
due to its high temperature.

13. Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?

A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin K
✅ Answer: D. Vitamin K
🧠 Explanation: Vitamin K helps in the synthesis of proteins needed for blood
coagulation.

14. Which gland secretes insulin?

A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Thyroid
D. Pituitary
✅ Answer: B. Pancreas
🧠 Explanation: The pancreas secretes insulin, which regulates blood glucose
levels.

15. Which of the following is a communicable disease?

A. Diabetes
B. Cancer
C. Tuberculosis
D. Arthritis
✅ Answer: C. Tuberculosis
🧠 Explanation: TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and spreads
through air.

16. The SI unit of frequency is:

A. Hertz
B. Newton
C. Ohm
D. Joule
✅ Answer: A. Hertz
🧠 Explanation: Frequency (f) is measured in hertz (Hz), which equals one
cycle per second.

17. Which gas is known as laughing gas?

A. CO₂
B. N₂
C. N₂O
D. CH₄
✅ Answer: C. N₂O
🧠 Explanation: Nitrous oxide is used as an anesthetic and is commonly called
laughing gas due to its euphoric effects.

18. Which organ in the human body is responsible for filtering blood?
A. Heart
B. Liver
C. Kidney
D. Lungs
✅ Answer: C. Kidney
🧠 Explanation: Kidneys remove waste and extra fluids from the blood and
excrete it as urine.

19. Which metal is used to galvanize iron?

A. Aluminium
B. Copper
C. Zinc
D. Lead
✅ Answer: C. Zinc
🧠 Explanation: Galvanization involves coating iron with a layer of zinc to
prevent rusting.

20. The phenomenon of rising of oil in a wick of lamp is due to:

A. Capillary action
B. Osmosis
C. Diffusion
D. Surface tension
✅ Answer: A. Capillary action
🧠 Explanation: Oil rises against gravity due to the narrow capillaries in the
wick.

21. Which disease is caused by a deficiency of iodine?

A. Scurvy
B. Goitre
C. Rickets
D. Anaemia
✅ Answer: B. Goitre
🧠 Explanation: Iodine deficiency leads to swelling of the thyroid gland in the
neck.
22. Which of the following is a vector quantity?
A. Speed
B. Mass
C. Velocity
D. Temperature
✅ Answer: C. Velocity
🧠 Explanation: Velocity has both magnitude and direction, unlike speed.

23. Which gas is used in fire extinguishers?

A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Methane
✅ Answer: C. Carbon dioxide
🧠 Explanation: CO₂ displaces oxygen and smothers the fire.

24. Which one is a sexually transmitted disease?

A. Tuberculosis
B. Typhoid
C. Syphilis
D. Cholera
✅ Answer: C. Syphilis
🧠 Explanation: Caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, syphilis is
transmitted through sexual contact.

25. Which among the following causes AIDS?

A. Bacteria
B. Virus
C. Fungus
D. Protozoa
✅ Answer: B. Virus
🧠 Explanation: HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) causes AIDS,
damaging the immune system.

26. Which among the following elements is a noble gas?

A. Nitrogen
B. Fluorine
C. Argon
D. Oxygen
✅ Answer: C. Argon
🧠 Explanation: Argon is inert and belongs to Group 18 of the periodic table.

27. What is the scientific name of Vitamin C?

A. Niacin
B. Retinol
C. Thiamine
D. Ascorbic acid
✅ Answer: D. Ascorbic acid
🧠 Explanation: Vitamin C or ascorbic acid is vital for immune function and
skin health.

28. The speed of light in vacuum is:

A. 3 × 10⁵ km/s
B. 3 × 10⁶ m/s
C. 3 × 10⁸ m/s
D. 3 × 10⁷ m/s
✅ Answer: C. 3 × 10⁸ m/s
🧠 Explanation: Light travels at approximately 300,000,000 meters per second
in a vacuum.

29. Which part of the plant conducts photosynthesis?

A. Stem
B. Roots
C. Flowers
D. Leaves
✅ Answer: D. Leaves
🧠 Explanation: Leaves contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis using
sunlight, CO₂, and water.

30. What is the pH value of pure water at 25°C?

A. 1
B. 5
C. 7
D. 14
✅ Answer: C. 7
🧠 Explanation: Pure water is neutral and has a pH of 7 at 25°C.
 CDS 1 2023
1. Which one of the following is a communicable disease?
A. Diabetes
B. Typhoid
C. Cancer
D. Arthritis
✅ Answer: B. Typhoid
🧠 Explanation: Typhoid is caused by Salmonella typhi, a bacterium transmitted
through contaminated food and water.

2. Which one of the following vitamins helps in the clotting of blood?

A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin K
✅ Answer: D. Vitamin K
🧠 Explanation: Vitamin K aids in synthesizing proteins required for blood
coagulation.

3. Which one of the following is used in the treatment of cancer?

A. Penicillin
B. Streptomycin
C. Chemotherapy
D. Paracetamol
✅ Answer: C. Chemotherapy
🧠 Explanation: Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill or slow the growth of cancer
cells.

4. What is the main constituent of biogas?

A. Propane
B. Butane
C. Ethane
D. Methane
✅ Answer: D. Methane
🧠 Explanation: Methane (CH₄) is the major component of biogas, which is
produced through anaerobic decomposition of organic matter.

5. Which one of the following is an example of a chemical change?

A. Melting of ice
B. Boiling of water
C. Rusting of iron
D. Breaking of glass
✅ Answer: C. Rusting of iron
🧠 Explanation: Rusting involves oxidation of iron and formation of new
substances (iron oxides), making it a chemical change.

6. Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus?

A. Cholera
B. Tuberculosis
C. AIDS
D. Typhoid
✅ Answer: C. AIDS
🧠 Explanation: AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV),
which attacks the immune system.
7. Which one of the following is used as a moderator in nuclear reactors?
A. Uranium
B. Heavy water
C. Plutonium
D. Thorium
✅ Answer: B. Heavy water
🧠 Explanation: Heavy water (D₂O) slows down neutrons, making nuclear
fission more efficient in reactors.

8. Which part of the human brain controls voluntary actions?

A. Medulla
B. Cerebrum
C. Cerebellum
D. Hypothalamus
✅ Answer: B. Cerebrum
🧠 Explanation: The cerebrum controls reasoning, intelligence, memory, and
voluntary muscular activity.

9. The SI unit of electric current is:

A. Volt
B. Watt
C. Ohm
D. Ampere
✅ Answer: D. Ampere
🧠 Explanation: Electric current is the rate of flow of charge, measured in
amperes (A).

10. The deficiency of which of the following causes goitre?

A. Iron
B. Iodine
C. Calcium
D. Phosphorus
✅ Answer: B. Iodine
🧠 Explanation: Iodine deficiency leads to enlargement of the thyroid gland,
resulting in goitre.

11. Which one of the following is not a noble gas?

A. Helium
B. Neon
C. Nitrogen
D. Argon
✅ Answer: C. Nitrogen
🧠 Explanation: Nitrogen is a reactive gas and not part of Group 18 noble gases.

12. The instrument used to measure blood pressure is called:

A. Thermometer
B. Sphygmomanometer
C. Barometer
D. Altimeter
✅ Answer: B. Sphygmomanometer
🧠 Explanation: It measures systolic and diastolic pressure in millimeters of
mercury (mmHg).

13. Which among the following is not a component of the human

circulatory system?
A. Heart
B. Arteries
C. Veins
D. Lungs
✅ Answer: D. Lungs
🧠 Explanation: While lungs oxygenate blood, they are part of the respiratory
system, not circulatory.

14. Which one of the following is used as a refrigerant in refrigerators?

A. Carbon dioxide
B. Ammonia
C. Methane
D. Nitrogen
✅ Answer: B. Ammonia
🧠 Explanation: Ammonia (NH₃) is used in vapor-compression refrigerators
due to its high latent heat.

15. What is the boiling point of water in Celsius?

A. 90°C
B. 80°C
C. 100°C
D. 120°C
✅ Answer: C. 100°C
🧠 Explanation: Water boils at 100°C under standard atmospheric pressure (1
atm).

16. Which one of the following is an optical illusion?

A. Mirage
B. Rainbow
C. Echo
D. Halo
✅ Answer: A. Mirage
🧠 Explanation: Mirage is caused by refraction of light in layers of air at
different temperatures.

17. The smallest unit of life is:

A. Organ
B. Tissue
C. Cell
D. Molecule
✅ Answer: C. Cell
🧠 Explanation: The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living
organisms.
18. Who discovered the X-rays?
A. J.J. Thomson
B. Marie Curie
C. Wilhelm Röntgen
D. Ernest Rutherford
✅ Answer: C. Wilhelm Röntgen
🧠 Explanation: In 1895, Röntgen discovered X-rays while experimenting with
cathode rays.

19. Which among the following is not an organ of the human excretory
system?
A. Kidney
B. Ureter
C. Liver
D. Urinary bladder
✅ Answer: C. Liver
🧠 Explanation: The liver plays a role in detoxification but is not part of the
urinary excretory system.

20. Which one of the following elements is most abundant in the Earth's
crust?
A. Aluminium
B. Iron
C. Oxygen
D. Silicon
✅ Answer: C. Oxygen
🧠 Explanation: Oxygen makes up ~46% of Earth’s crust by weight, mostly in
oxides like SiO₂.
 CDS 2 2023
1. Which of the following has the highest value of specific heat capacity?
A. Water
B. Copper
C. Lead
D. Mercury
✅ Answer: A. Water
🧠 Explanation: Water has a high specific heat capacity (about 4.18 J/g°C),
meaning it absorbs a lot of heat before increasing in temperature.

2. Which colour of light has the shortest wavelength?

A. Red
B. Blue
C. Green
D. Violet
✅ Answer: D. Violet
🧠 Explanation: Violet light has the shortest wavelength (~380 nm) in the
visible spectrum, followed by blue and green.

3. Which among the following is a vector quantity?

A. Speed
B. Distance
C. Acceleration
D. Work
✅ Answer: C. Acceleration
🧠 Explanation: Acceleration has both magnitude and direction, making it a
vector quantity.

4. What is the SI unit of pressure?

A. Joule
B. Watt
C. Pascal
D. Newton
✅ Answer: C. Pascal
🧠 Explanation: Pressure = Force/Area, and its SI unit is Pascal (Pa = N/m²).
5. Which vitamin is synthesized in the human body when exposed to
sunlight?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K
✅ Answer: C. Vitamin D
🧠 Explanation: UV rays in sunlight help convert cholesterol into Vitamin D in
the skin.

6. Which of the following is not a component of the blood?

A. Platelets
B. Plasma
C. Hemoglobin
D. Nephron
✅ Answer: D. Nephron
🧠 Explanation: Nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney, not
part of blood.

7. The most abundant gas in the Earth’s atmosphere is:

A. Oxygen
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Nitrogen
D. Hydrogen
✅ Answer: C. Nitrogen
🧠 Explanation: Nitrogen makes up ~78% of the Earth's atmosphere by volume.

8. Which of the following causes Malaria?

A. Virus
B. Fungus
C. Protozoa
D. Bacteria
✅ Answer: C. Protozoa
🧠 Explanation: Malaria is caused by Plasmodium, a protozoan transmitted by
female Anopheles mosquitoes.

9. Which part of the eye controls the amount of light entering it?
A. Retina
B. Iris
C. Cornea
D. Lens
✅ Answer: B. Iris
🧠 Explanation: The iris adjusts the size of the pupil, thus regulating light
entering the eye.

10. The process of conversion of solid directly into gas is called:

A. Evaporation
B. Sublimation
C. Condensation
D. Melting
✅ Answer: B. Sublimation
🧠 Explanation: In sublimation, substances like camphor or dry ice change
directly from solid to gas without becoming liquid.

11. Which of the following diseases is caused by a deficiency of iodine?

A. Scurvy
B. Goitre
C. Rickets
D. Anemia
✅ Answer: B. Goitre
🧠 Explanation: Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis; its deficiency
causes enlargement of the thyroid gland.

12. Which of the following planets has the shortest day?

A. Mercury
B. Earth
C. Jupiter
D. Venus
✅ Answer: C. Jupiter
🧠 Explanation: Jupiter rotates very fast, completing one rotation in about 10
hours — the shortest day among planets.

13. The most reactive element in the periodic table is:

A. Oxygen
B. Fluorine
C. Sodium
D. Chlorine
✅ Answer: B. Fluorine
🧠 Explanation: Fluorine is the most electronegative and reactive non-metal in
the periodic table.

14. Which of the following is an example of a noble gas?

A. Nitrogen
B. Argon
C. Oxygen
D. Hydrogen
✅ Answer: B. Argon
🧠 Explanation: Argon is an inert gas in Group 18 of the periodic table, known
as noble gases.

15. Which blood group is called the universal donor?

A. A
B. B
C. AB
D. O negative
✅ Answer: D. O negative
🧠 Explanation: O⁻ blood lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, so it can be given to
patients of any blood type in emergencies.
16. Sound travels fastest in:
A. Air
B. Vacuum
C. Water
D. Steel
✅ Answer: D. Steel
🧠 Explanation: Sound travels faster in solids (like steel) because particles are
closely packed.

17. DNA is made up of repeating units called:

A. Amino acids
B. Nucleotides
C. Fatty acids
D. Monosaccharides
✅ Answer: B. Nucleotides
🧠 Explanation: DNA consists of long chains of nucleotides made of a sugar,
phosphate group, and nitrogen base.

18. Which among the following is not a conductor of electricity?

A. Copper
B. Aluminium
C. Distilled water
D. Iron
✅ Answer: C. Distilled water
🧠 Explanation: Pure distilled water lacks ions and thus does not conduct
electricity.

19. Which of the following is used to measure temperature?

A. Barometer
B. Thermometer
C. Ammeter
D. Hygrometer
✅ Answer: B. Thermometer
🧠 Explanation: A thermometer measures temperature, usually in Celsius or
Fahrenheit.

20. Which gland is called the ‘master gland’ of the human body?
A. Thyroid
B. Adrenal
C. Pituitary
D. Pancreas
✅ Answer: C. Pituitary
🧠 Explanation: The pituitary gland regulates the functions of other endocrine
glands by secreting various hormones.

21. Which organ in the human body produces insulin?

A. Liver
B. Kidney
C. Pancreas
D. Spleen
✅ Answer: C. Pancreas
🧠 Explanation: The pancreas produces insulin, a hormone that helps regulate
blood sugar levels.

22. Which of the following has the least inertia?

A. Train
B. Car
C. Bicycle
D. Ball
✅ Answer: D. Ball
🧠 Explanation: Inertia depends on mass. A ball has the least mass among the
options, hence the least inertia.

23. The most common element in the human body is:

A. Oxygen
B. Carbon
C. Calcium
D. Iron
✅ Answer: A. Oxygen
🧠 Explanation: Oxygen accounts for ~65% of the human body weight due to
its presence in water and organic molecules.

24. Which among the following is a greenhouse gas?

A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
C. Methane
D. Argon
✅ Answer: C. Methane
🧠 Explanation: Methane (CH₄) is a potent greenhouse gas, contributing
significantly to global warming.

25. Which vitamin helps in blood clotting?

A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K
✅ Answer: D. Vitamin K
🧠 Explanation: Vitamin K is essential for synthesizing clotting factors that help
in blood coagulation.

26. Which metal is liquid at room temperature?

A. Mercury
B. Iron
C. Zinc
D. Sodium
✅ Answer: A. Mercury
🧠 Explanation: Mercury is the only metal that remains liquid at room
temperature (25°C).
27. What is the full form of DNA?
A. Deoxyribonucleic Acid
B. Dicarboxylic Nucleic Acid
C. Dinitrogenous Acid
D. Deoxyribose Nitric Acid
✅ Answer: A. Deoxyribonucleic Acid
🧠 Explanation: DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid — the carrier of
genetic information in living beings.

28. Which of the following is responsible for rusting of iron?

A. Oxygen and Water
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Nitrogen
D. Salt
✅ Answer: A. Oxygen and Water
🧠 Explanation: Rusting is the oxidation of iron in presence of water and
oxygen, forming iron oxide (rust).

29. Which part of the brain is responsible for maintaining balance of the
body?
A. Cerebrum
B. Medulla
C. Cerebellum
D. Hypothalamus
✅ Answer: C. Cerebellum
🧠 Explanation: The cerebellum coordinates muscle movement and maintains
balance and posture.

30. The boiling point of water decreases at:

A. Sea level
B. Higher altitudes
C. Lower altitudes
D. Equator
✅ Answer: B. Higher altitudes
🧠 Explanation: Atmospheric pressure is lower at higher altitudes, so water
boils at a lower temperature there.

 CDS 1 2024
1. Which one of the following is a greenhouse gas?
A. Hydrogen
B. Oxygen
C. Methane
D. Helium
✅ Answer: C. Methane
🧠 Explanation: Methane (CH₄) is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in Earth’s
atmosphere, contributing to global warming.

2. The unit of force in the SI system is:

A. Dyne
B. Joule
C. Newton
D. Pascal
✅ Answer: C. Newton
🧠 Explanation: Force is measured in Newtons (N) in the SI system. 1 Newton
= 1 kg·m/s².

3. Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?

A. Melting of ice
B. Evaporation of water
C. Burning of wood
D. Breaking of glass
✅ Answer: C. Burning of wood
🧠 Explanation: Burning is a chemical change as it results in new substances
like carbon dioxide and ash.

4. Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus?

A. Typhoid
B. Tuberculosis
C. Malaria
D. Influenza
✅ Answer: D. Influenza
🧠 Explanation: Influenza (flu) is a viral infection affecting the respiratory tract.

5. Which vitamin helps in calcium absorption in the body?

A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin D
✅ Answer: D. Vitamin D
🧠 Explanation: Vitamin D enhances the intestinal absorption of calcium,
essential for bone health.

6. Which of the following is the strongest reducing agent?

A. Fluorine
B. Oxygen
C. Sodium
D. Chlorine
✅ Answer: C. Sodium
🧠 Explanation: Sodium readily donates electrons, making it a strong reducing
agent.

7. Blood cells are produced in the:

A. Liver
B. Spleen
C. Bone marrow
D. Pancreas
✅ Answer: C. Bone marrow
🧠 Explanation: Bone marrow produces red and white blood cells and platelets.
8. The ozone layer is present in which layer of the atmosphere?
A. Troposphere
B. Mesosphere
C. Stratosphere
D. Thermosphere
✅ Answer: C. Stratosphere
🧠 Explanation: The ozone layer is found in the stratosphere and protects Earth
from harmful UV rays.

9. Which of the following is a renewable source of energy?

A. Natural gas
B. Coal
C. Petroleum
D. Wind
✅ Answer: D. Wind
🧠 Explanation: Wind energy is renewable and sustainable, unlike fossil fuels
which are finite.

10. Which gland regulates the basal metabolic rate in humans?

A. Pituitary gland
B. Pancreas
C. Adrenal gland
D. Thyroid gland
✅ Answer: D. Thyroid gland
🧠 Explanation: The thyroid gland secretes thyroxine, which regulates
metabolism.
.11. Which part of the human brain controls voluntary movements?
A. Medulla oblongata
B. Cerebrum
C. Cerebellum
D. Pons
✅ Answer: B. Cerebrum
🧠 Explanation: The cerebrum controls voluntary actions, intelligence, memory,
and reasoning.
12. Which one of the following is not a noble gas?
A. Argon
B. Neon
C. Chlorine
D. Krypton
✅ Answer: C. Chlorine
🧠 Explanation: Chlorine is a halogen; noble gases include helium, neon, argon,
krypton, xenon, and radon.

13. The most common cause of pollution in rivers is:

A. Oil spills
B. Domestic sewage
C. Industrial effluents
D. Agricultural runoff
✅ Answer: B. Domestic sewage
🧠 Explanation: Domestic sewage contributes significantly to water pollution,
especially in developing countries.

14. Which organ in the human body stores bile?

A. Liver
B. Gall bladder
C. Pancreas
D. Small intestine
✅ Answer: B. Gall bladder
🧠 Explanation: The gall bladder stores bile produced by the liver and releases it
into the small intestine.

15. Which of the following elements is a liquid at room temperature?

A. Mercury
B. Iodine
C. Lead
D. Zinc
✅ Answer: A. Mercury
🧠 Explanation: Mercury is the only metal that remains in liquid state at room
temperature.

16. Which gas is used in the preparation of soft drinks?

A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Hydrogen
✅ Answer: C. Carbon dioxide
🧠 Explanation: CO₂ gives fizz to soft drinks and is dissolved under pressure.

17. Which of the following is the largest part of the human brain?
A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum
C. Brainstem
D. Medulla
✅ Answer: A. Cerebrum
🧠 Explanation: The cerebrum is the largest and most developed part of the
brain, associated with higher brain functions.

18. Which of the following phenomena is used in optical fibers?

A. Reflection
B. Refraction
C. Total internal reflection
D. Dispersion
✅ Answer: C. Total internal reflection
🧠 Explanation: Light signals in optical fibers are transmitted through total
internal reflection.

19. Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?

A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin K
✅ Answer: D. Vitamin K
🧠 Explanation: Vitamin K helps in the synthesis of proteins required for blood
coagulation.

20. Which is the powerhouse of the cell?

A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondria
D. Golgi body
✅ Answer: C. Mitochondria
🧠 Explanation: Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration — the
energy currency of the cell.

21. Which blood group is called the universal donor?

A. AB+
B. O+
C. O–
D. A–
✅ Answer: C. O–
🧠 Explanation: O negative blood has no antigens, making it safe for donation
to any blood group.

22. What is the chemical formula of quicklime?

A. CaCO₃
B. Ca(OH)₂
C. CaO
D. CaCl₂
✅ Answer: C. CaO
🧠 Explanation: Calcium oxide (CaO) is quicklime, used in cement and other
industries.
23. Which organ in the human body excretes urea?
A. Liver
B. Kidney
C. Skin
D. Lungs
✅ Answer: B. Kidney
🧠 Explanation: Kidneys filter blood to excrete urea through urine.

24. Which of the following is not a communicable disease?

A. Malaria
B. Typhoid
C. Diabetes
D. Tuberculosis
✅ Answer: C. Diabetes
🧠 Explanation: Diabetes is a non-communicable disease, caused by insulin
imbalance or resistance.

25. What is the boiling point of water in Celsius at standard pressure?

A. 50°C
B. 75°C
C. 100°C
D. 110°C
✅ Answer: C. 100°C
🧠 Explanation: At 1 atm pressure, pure water boils at 100°C.

26. Which metal is most abundant in the Earth’s crust?

A. Iron
B. Aluminum
C. Zinc
D. Copper
✅ Answer: B. Aluminum
🧠 Explanation: Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust.
27. What is the SI unit of power?
A. Watt
B. Joule
C. Newton
D. Volt
✅ Answer: A. Watt
🧠 Explanation: Power is the rate of doing work, measured in watts (1 W = 1
J/s).

28. Which of the following is used in the treatment of cancer?

A. X-rays
B. Antibiotics
C. Radiation therapy
D. Chemotherapy only
✅ Answer: C. Radiation therapy
🧠 Explanation: Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells.

29. What is the function of red blood cells?

A. Fight infections
B. Produce hormones
C. Transport oxygen
D. Digest food
✅ Answer: C. Transport oxygen
🧠 Explanation: RBCs carry oxygen from lungs to tissues using hemoglobin.

30. Which one of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

A. Water vapor
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Nitrogen
D. Methane
✅ Answer: C. Nitrogen
🧠 Explanation: Nitrogen is inert and does not trap heat, unlike greenhouse
gases like CO₂ and CH₄.
  CDS 2 2024
1. Which of the following causes acid rain?
A. Carbon monoxide
B. Methane
C. Sulphur dioxide
D. Argon
✅ Answer: C. Sulphur dioxide
🧠 Explanation: Sulphur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides combine with water
in the atmosphere to form acids, resulting in acid rain.

2. Which vitamin deficiency causes night blindness?

A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B1
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin D
✅ Answer: A. Vitamin A
🧠 Explanation: Vitamin A is essential for vision. Its deficiency impairs the
ability to see in low light.

3. Which of the following is an example of a mechanical wave?

A. Light wave
B. Radio wave
C. X-ray
D. Sound wave
✅ Answer: D. Sound wave
🧠 Explanation: Sound needs a medium to travel through, making it a
mechanical wave.

4. Which part of the plant conducts photosynthesis?

A. Root
B. Stem
C. Leaf
D. Flower
✅ Answer: C. Leaf
🧠 Explanation: Leaves contain chlorophyll, which is responsible for
photosynthesis.

5. Which among the following diseases is caused by protozoa?

A. Malaria
B. Influenza
C. Tuberculosis
D. Cholera
✅ Answer: A. Malaria
🧠 Explanation: Malaria is caused by Plasmodium, a protozoan parasite
transmitted by mosquitoes.

6. The pH of a neutral solution is:

A. 0
B. 7
C. 14
D. 1
✅ Answer: B. 7
🧠 Explanation: A pH of 7 is considered neutral, like pure water.

7. Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

A. Carbon dioxide
B. Water vapor
C. Oxygen
D. Methane
✅ Answer: C. Oxygen
🧠 Explanation: Oxygen is not a greenhouse gas. Greenhouse gases trap heat in
Earth’s atmosphere.

8. Which gas is used in fire extinguishers?

A. Oxygen
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Nitrogen
D. Helium
✅ Answer: B. Carbon dioxide
🧠 Explanation: CO₂ suffocates the fire by displacing oxygen.

9. Which of the following elements is a halogen?

A. Neon
B. Argon
C. Chlorine
D. Helium
✅ Answer: C. Chlorine
🧠 Explanation: Halogens are in Group 17 of the periodic table, and chlorine is
one of them.

10. Which organ in the human body produces insulin?

A. Liver
B. Stomach
C. Pancreas
D. Kidney
✅ Answer: C. Pancreas
🧠 Explanation: The pancreas secretes insulin to regulate blood sugar.

11. Which is the largest organ of the human body?

A. Liver
B. Skin
C. Brain
D. Lungs
✅ Answer: B. Skin
🧠 Explanation: Skin is the largest organ by surface area and weight.

12. Which of the following is used to make stainless steel?

A. Copper and Zinc
B. Iron and Carbon
C. Iron and Chromium
D. Aluminium and Nickel
✅ Answer: C. Iron and Chromium
🧠 Explanation: Chromium gives stainless steel its corrosion resistance.

13. Which of the following does not conduct electricity?

A. Salt solution
B. Distilled water
C. Copper wire
D. Mercury
✅ Answer: B. Distilled water
🧠 Explanation: Pure distilled water lacks ions and is a poor conductor.

14. Which is the main gas found in the air we breathe?

A. Oxygen
B. Hydrogen
C. Nitrogen
D. Carbon dioxide
✅ Answer: C. Nitrogen
🧠 Explanation: Air contains ~78% nitrogen and ~21% oxygen.

15. Which part of the cell contains the genetic material?

A. Cytoplasm
B. Cell wall
C. Nucleus
D. Mitochondria
✅ Answer: C. Nucleus
🧠 Explanation: The nucleus stores DNA and regulates genetic functions.

16. Which of the following is an inert gas?

A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
C. Helium
D. Hydrogen
✅ Answer: C. Helium
🧠 Explanation: Inert gases like helium don’t react easily due to full outer
shells.

17. Which vitamin helps in clotting of blood?

A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin K
✅ Answer: D. Vitamin K
🧠 Explanation: It is essential for synthesis of clotting factors in the liver.

18. Which law states that pressure is inversely proportional to volume at

constant temperature?
A. Charles’s Law
B. Newton’s Law
C. Boyle’s Law
D. Avogadro’s Law
✅ Answer: C. Boyle’s Law
🧠 Explanation: Boyle’s Law: P∝1VP \propto \frac{1}{V}P∝V1 at constant
temperature.

19. Which metal is liquid at room temperature?

A. Iron
B. Mercury
C. Zinc
D. Aluminium
✅ Answer: B. Mercury
🧠 Explanation: Mercury is the only metal that is liquid at standard conditions.

20. Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?

A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum
C. Medulla
D. Thalamus
✅ Answer: B. Cerebellum
🧠 Explanation: It helps in maintaining posture and fine motor coordination.

21. What is the SI unit of electric current?

A. Coulomb
B. Volt
C. Ampere
D. Ohm
✅ Answer: C. Ampere
🧠 Explanation: Ampere is the standard SI unit of current (symbol: A).

22. What is the function of white blood cells (WBCs)?

A. Oxygen transport
B. Blood clotting
C. Fighting infection
D. Digestion
✅ Answer: C. Fighting infection
🧠 Explanation: WBCs are part of the immune system and fight pathogens.

23. The unit of work is:

A. Newton
B. Pascal
C. Joule
D. Watt
✅ Answer: C. Joule
🧠 Explanation: Work = Force × Displacement; measured in joules (J).

24. Which of these is a fungal disease?

A. Malaria
B. Ringworm
C. AIDS
D. Typhoid
✅ Answer: B. Ringworm
🧠 Explanation: Ringworm is a skin infection caused by fungi.

25. Which device is used to measure electric current?

A. Voltmeter
B. Thermometer
C. Ammeter
D. Galvanometer
✅ Answer: C. Ammeter
🧠 Explanation: Ammeters are connected in series to measure current.

26. What type of lens is used to correct myopia?

A. Convex
B. Concave
C. Plano-convex
D. Cylindrical
✅ Answer: B. Concave
🧠 Explanation: Concave lenses diverge light rays to correct nearsightedness.

27. Which is the hardest natural substance?

A. Quartz
B. Iron
C. Diamond
D. Gold
✅ Answer: C. Diamond
🧠 Explanation: Diamond ranks highest on Mohs scale of mineral hardness.

28. What is the function of the ozone layer?

A. Keeps Earth warm
B. Absorbs CO₂
C. Reflects light
D. Blocks harmful UV rays
✅ Answer: D. Blocks harmful UV rays
🧠 Explanation: The ozone layer absorbs the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation.

29. What is the chemical formula of common salt?

A. NaCl
B. KCl
C. Na₂CO₃
D. CaCl₂
✅ Answer: A. NaCl
🧠 Explanation: Table salt is sodium chloride (NaCl).

30. Which one is a vector quantity?

A. Speed
B. Distance
C. Velocity
D. Temperature
✅ Answer: C. Velocity
🧠 Explanation: Velocity includes both magnitude and direction; speed doesn’t.
 CDS 1 2025
1. The function of white blood cells (WBCs) is to:
A. Carry oxygen
B. Help in blood clotting
C. Fight infection
D. Transport nutrients
✅ Answer: C. Fight infection
🧠 Explanation: WBCs (leukocytes) are the body's defense cells that protect
against pathogens.

2. Which of the following is not a renewable source of energy?

A. Solar energy
B. Wind energy
C. Geothermal energy
D. Coal
✅ Answer: D. Coal
🧠 Explanation: Coal is a fossil fuel, which takes millions of years to form and
is therefore non-renewable.

3. The S.I. unit of electric current is:

A. Watt
B. Ohm
C. Volt
D. Ampere
✅ Answer: D. Ampere
🧠 Explanation: Ampere is the standard unit for measuring electric current.

4. The process of converting sugar into alcohol by yeast is called:

A. Saponification
B. Fermentation
C. Transpiration
D. Respiration
✅ Answer: B. Fermentation
🧠 Explanation: Yeast converts sugars into alcohol and CO₂ through
fermentation.

5. Which gas is used for artificial ripening of fruits?

A. Methane
B. Ethylene
C. Oxygen
D. Carbon dioxide
✅ Answer: B. Ethylene
🧠 Explanation: Ethylene is a plant hormone that promotes ripening of fruits.
6. Newton's third law is applicable in which of these?
A. Running of a car
B. Floating of wood on water
C. Rocket propulsion
D. Burning of fuel
✅ Answer: C. Rocket propulsion
🧠 Explanation: For every action, there's an equal and opposite reaction — basis
of rocket motion.

7. DNA is mainly found in the:

A. Ribosome
B. Mitochondria
C. Nucleus
D. Cytoplasm
✅ Answer: C. Nucleus
🧠 Explanation: DNA is primarily located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

8. Which vitamin helps in blood clotting?

A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin C
✅ Answer: C. Vitamin K
🧠 Explanation: Vitamin K is essential for synthesis of proteins involved in
clotting.

9. Which of the following acids is present in lemon?

A. Tartaric acid
B. Oxalic acid
C. Acetic acid
D. Citric acid
✅ Answer: D. Citric acid
🧠 Explanation: Lemons contain citric acid which gives them a sour taste.
10. What is the role of ozone layer in the atmosphere?
A. Prevents rain
B. Absorbs ultraviolet rays
C. Reflects infrared radiation
D. Maintains oxygen balance
✅ Answer: B. Absorbs ultraviolet rays
🧠 Explanation: Ozone layer blocks harmful UV rays from reaching Earth's
surface.

11. Which of the following is the hardest substance known?

A. Iron
B. Gold
C. Diamond
D. Platinum
✅ Answer: C. Diamond
🧠 Explanation: Diamond has a rigid lattice structure, making it the hardest
naturally occurring material.

12. What is the name of the process by which green plants prepare food?
A. Transpiration
B. Respiration
C. Photosynthesis
D. Germination
✅ Answer: C. Photosynthesis
🧠 Explanation: Plants use sunlight, CO₂, and water to produce glucose and
oxygen.

13. The basic unit of heredity is:

A. Chromosome
B. DNA
C. Gene
D. Ribosome
✅ Answer: C. Gene
🧠 Explanation: A gene is a segment of DNA responsible for hereditary
characteristics.

14. The instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure is:

A. Thermometer
B. Barometer
C. Hygrometer
D. Altimeter
✅ Answer: B. Barometer
🧠 Explanation: A barometer measures atmospheric pressure, often used in
weather forecasting.

15. The deficiency of iodine causes:

A. Rickets
B. Scurvy
C. Goitre
D. Anaemia
✅ Answer: C. Goitre
🧠 Explanation: Lack of iodine leads to swelling of the thyroid gland, known as
goitre.

16. Which part of the plant conducts photosynthesis?

A. Root
B. Stem
C. Leaf
D. Flower
✅ Answer: C. Leaf
🧠 Explanation: Leaves contain chlorophyll and are the primary site of
photosynthesis.

17. Which gas turns lime water milky?

A. Oxygen
B. Hydrogen
C. Nitrogen
D. Carbon dioxide
✅ Answer: D. Carbon dioxide
🧠 Explanation: CO₂ reacts with calcium hydroxide (lime water) to form
calcium carbonate, turning it milky.

18. A body is said to be in uniform motion when:

A. It moves in a straight line
B. It travels equal distances in equal intervals of time
C. Its speed is increasing
D. Its speed is decreasing
✅ Answer: B. It travels equal distances in equal intervals of time
🧠 Explanation: Uniform motion implies constant speed without acceleration.

19. Which metal is liquid at room temperature?

A. Mercury
B. Iron
C. Lead
D. Copper
✅ Answer: A. Mercury
🧠 Explanation: Mercury is the only metal that exists in liquid form at room
temperature.

20. Which blood group is called the universal donor?

A. A
B. B
C. AB
D. O
✅ Answer: D. O
🧠 Explanation: O negative blood can be donated to any blood group, hence
called universal donor.
21. The function of the large intestine in the human body is:
A. Digestion of protein
B. Absorption of water
C. Digestion of fat
D. Absorption of glucose
✅ Answer: B. Absorption of water
🧠 Explanation: The large intestine absorbs water and forms solid waste (feces).

22. Which vitamin is produced in the human skin by sunlight?

A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin D
✅ Answer: D. Vitamin D
🧠 Explanation: UV rays from sunlight help synthesize vitamin D in the skin.

23. Which element is used in making nuclear reactors?

A. Uranium
B. Carbon
C. Chlorine
D. Nitrogen
✅ Answer: A. Uranium
🧠 Explanation: Uranium-235 is commonly used as fuel in nuclear reactors due
to its fissile nature.

24. The chemical formula of common salt is:

A. KCl
B. NaCl
C. CaCl₂
D. MgCl₂
✅ Answer: B. NaCl
🧠 Explanation: Sodium chloride is the chemical name for table salt.
25. Which part of the brain controls balance and posture?
A. Cerebrum
B. Medulla
C. Cerebellum
D. Thalamus
✅ Answer: C. Cerebellum
🧠 Explanation: The cerebellum regulates motor control, balance, and posture.

26. Which organ purifies blood in the human body?

A. Lungs
B. Heart
C. Liver
D. Kidneys
✅ Answer: D. Kidneys
🧠 Explanation: Kidneys filter waste from the blood and excrete it through
urine.

27. The presence of which gas in the atmosphere causes acid rain?
A. Methane
B. Nitrogen
C. Sulphur dioxide
D. Hydrogen
✅ Answer: C. Sulphur dioxide
🧠 Explanation: SO₂ combines with water vapor to form sulphuric acid, leading
to acid rain.

28. The disease caused by deficiency of Vitamin C is:

A. Pellagra
B. Scurvy
C. Beriberi
D. Night blindness
✅ Answer: B. Scurvy
🧠 Explanation: Vitamin C deficiency weakens connective tissues, causing
bleeding gums and fatigue.
29. Which planet is known as the Red Planet?
A. Venus
B. Mars
C. Jupiter
D. Saturn
✅ Answer: B. Mars
🧠 Explanation: Mars appears red due to the presence of iron oxide (rust) on its
surface.

30. Which gas is most abundant in Earth's atmosphere?

A. Oxygen
B. Hydrogen
C. Nitrogen
D. Carbon dioxide
✅ Answer: C. Nitrogen
🧠 Explanation: Nitrogen makes up about 78% of Earth's atmosphere.

YUP!!!