Block-1 Physiology MCQs:

1. The body tends to maintain constant conditions in the internal environment by different
mechanisms. This is known as
a. Extracellular fluid
b. Gain
c. Homeostasis
d. Negative feedback
e. Positive feedback

2. Which one of the following is an example of positive feed back mechanism

a. Regulation of temperature
b. Regulation of blood pressure
c. Release of oxytocin during child birth
d. Regulation of oxygen
e. Regulation of carbon dioxide
3. The approximate extracellular fluid volume in a normal individual is
a. 5% of body mass
b. 15% of body mass
c. 40% of body mass
d. 20% of body mass
e. 60% of body mass
4. To get rid of metabolic wastes products like urea and uric acid is important for maintaining internal
environment relatively constant. Which of the following organ system in human body plays major
role to accomplish above mentioned homeostatic function.
a. Gastro intestinal tract
b. Integumentary system
c. Musculoskeletal
d. Respiratory
e. Urinary
5. “ 9+0 ” Axoneme is characteristic of which of the following :
a. Centriole
b. Cilia
c. Endoplasmic reticulum
d. Flagellum
e. Cell membrane
6. Autolysis and regression are the special functions of which organelle of the cell?
a. Endoplasmic reticulum
b. Lysosomes
c. Peroxisomes
d. Ribosomes
e. Golgi apparatus
7. The intracellular fluid contains large amounts of which of the following ions ?
 a. Magnesium, chloride and phosphate
b. Potassium , magnesium and chloride
c. Potassium , magnesium and phosphate
d. Potassium , sodium and chloride
e. Sodium, magnesium and chloride

8. If some factor becomes excessive or deficient, a control system initiates a series of changes
that return the factor towards a certain mean value, thus maintaining homeostasis. What is
this control system known as
a. Adaptive control
b. Feed forward control
c. Gain
d. Negative feedback system
e. Positive feedback system

9. Which one of the following cell organelle is capable of self replication

a. Golgi apparatus
b. Lysosomes
c. Mitochondria
d. Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
e. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

10. Lysoferrin , which is present in lysosomes is known to bind

a. Chlorine
b. Iron
c. Magnesium
d. Potassium
e. Sodium

11. Hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate are large saccharide polymers which are formed in
a. Golgi apparatus
b. Lysosomes
c. Mitochondria
d. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
e. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
12. Compound action potential is recorded in which of the following ?
a. Nerve fiber
b. Muscle fiber
c. Smooth muscle
d. Nerve trunk
e. Cardiac muscle
13. Which one of the following ions have maximum contribution in establishing the resting membrane
potential across the nerve fiber?
 a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Chloride
d. Calcium
e. Hydrogen
14. Acid lipases, along with other acid hydrolases, are localized to which of the following cell organelle
a. Endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi apparatus
c. Lysosomes
d. Mitochondria
e. Peroxisomes

15. Which of the following type of protein is often attached only to surface of the cell
membrane and do not penetrate all the way through
a. Carrier protein
b. Channel protein
c. Integral protein
d. Receptor proteins
e. Peripheral protein

16. The code for the formation of proteins is transferred from the DNA to RNA by which of the
process
a. Translation
b. Transcription
c. Promotion
d. Duplication
e. Apoptosis

17. Apoptosis is the process in which:

a. There is cell death as a result of heat, burn, injury or ischemia
b. Cells swell up but keep performing their functions
c. Defense system of the body destroys antigens
d. Cell death due to external force /agent
e. Cells shrink and die in a systematic manner

18. Which one of the following doesnot have limiting membrane

a. Nucleus
b. Mitochondria
c. Nucleolus
d. Ribosomes
e. Microfilaments
 19. The intracellular digestive system refers to
a. Endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi apparatus
c. Lysosomes
d. Mitochondria
e. Peroxisomes
20. Regarding the working of sodium potassium pump , which of the following statement is
true?
a. It doesnot require ATP
b. It is secondary active transport
c. It is primary active transport
d. It pumps 3 Na+ions inside and 2 K+ions to outside
e. It works along concentration gradient

21. Simple diffusion through lipid bilayer of cell membrane involves

a. Amino acids
b. Glucose
c. Lipid soluble molecules
d. Sodium ions
e. Water soluble molecules

22. Water moves across the cell membrane through

a. Primary active transport
b. Secondary active transport
c. Aquaporins
d. Sodium potassium pump
e. Hydrogen pump

23. Rate of diffusion through cell membrane is directly proportional to

a. Concentration gradient
b. Density
c. Molecular weight
d. Supply of ATP
e. Thickness of membrane

24. Ions cannot usually pass through lipid bilayer because of the following reason
a. They are not water soluble
b. They have charges
c. They donot have charges
d. They are large
e. They are lipid soluble
25. Regarding facilitated diffusion which one of the following is true
a. It requires energy
b. It doesn’t have specificity
c. It is never saturated
d. It exhibit Vmax
e. It doesn’t require carrier protein

26. In renal tubules following ions are secreted by secondary active counter transport
mechanism
a. Calcium ions
b. Chloride ions
c. Hydrogen ions
d. Magnesium ions
e. Sodium ions

27. Which one of the following is an example of secondary active counter transport mechanism?
a. Potassium/Chloride
b. Sodium/amino acids
c. Sodium/Calcium
d. Sodium/Glucose
e. Sodium/iodide

28. Which of the following type of movement of molecules through semi permeable membrane
is best described as osmosis:
a. Solute molecules from area of high concentration to area of low concentration
b. Solute molecules from area of low concentration to area of high concentration
c. Solvent molecules from area of low solute concentration to area of high solute
concentration
d. Solvent molecules from area of high solute concentration to area of low solute
concentration
e. Solvent molecules with the help of carrier proteins

29. The osmotic pressure exerted by particles in a solution, whether they are molecules or ions,
is determined by
a. Mass of molecules
b. Mass of particles
c. The number of particles per unit volume of fluid
d. The size of of particles per unit volume of fluid
e. The velocity of particles
30. Depolarization:
a. Is associated with increase in membrane permeability to Na+
b. Is caused by K+ efflux
c. Is followed by muscle relaxation
d. Is terminated with closure of voltage activated K+ channels
e. Is associated with increase in the negativity inside the membrane

31. Regarding resting membrane potential of a nerve:

a. It is attained by moving towards threshold
b. It is caused by equal distribution of ions along both sides of the membrane.
c. It is caused by selective permeability of the membrane to the ions
d. It is caused mainly by inward movement of Na + ions
e. Na+ - K + pump has no role in establishing resting membrane potential

32. Regarding the velocity of conduction of action potential in a nerve fiber, which one of the
following statement is true :
a. It can be increased by decrease temperature
b. It can be increased by increasing calcium concentration in extracellular fluid
c. It can reach up to 120 meter / second in thick myelinated nerve fibers
d. It is conducted with decrement
e. It is increased by Na+ K+ pump activity

33. The safety factor for propagation of nerve impulse at all time must be
a. <1
b. >1
c. Between 0 and 1
d. =0
e. = 61

34. Nerst potential for sodium is

a. -94 mV
b. + 61 mV
c. -4 mV
d. -91mV
e. +10mV

35. Myelin sheath is produced by

a. Epithelial cells
b. Astrocytes
c. Schwann cells
d. Glial cells
e. Skeletal muscle fibers
36. Which one of the following initiates neuronal action potential
a. Efflux of Na +
b. Efflux of K+
c. Influx of Na+
d. Influx of K+
e. Efflux of Ca+

37. All the muscle fibers innervated by a single nerve fiber is known as
a. Frequency summation
b. Motor unit
c. Multiple fiber summation
d. Temporal summation
e. Treppe effect

38. The contractile unit , sarcomere extends between which one of the following suggested two
adjacent lines/bands
a. A bands
b. H zone
c. I bands
d. M lines
e. Z lines

39. The cell membrane of muscle fiber that surrounds it is known as

a. Cardiac muscle
b. Sarcolemma
c. Sarcoplasm
d. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
e. Smooth muscle

40. During contraction of skeletal muscle , which one of the following occurs
a. Consecutive Z Lines move apart
b. Length of sarcomere decreases
c. Length of sarcomere increases
d. Length of sarcomere remains unchanged
e. The H zone decreases in length

41. The spaces between the myofibrils are filled with intracellular fluid called
a. Sarcolemma
b. Sarcoplasm
c. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
d. Axon
e. Dendrite
42. Which one of the following contractile protein of the skeletal muscle have ATPase activity?
 a. Actin
b. Myosin
c. Troponin
d. Tropomysin
e. Titin
43. Which one of the following is the site of adenosine triphosphate formation
a. Golgi body
b. Lysosomes
c. Mitochondria
d. Nucleus
e. Ribosomes
44. In Rigor mortis ,muscle remains contracted after death because there is loss of all
a. Glucose
b. Enzymes
c. Loss of proteins
d. ATP
e. Nerve supply
45. Fatigue of neuromuscular junction is due to
a. Loss of all glucose
b. Loss of enzymes
c. Loss of proteins
d. Loss of ATP
e. Loss of nerve supply
46. Which of the following drug has acetylcholine like effect on neuromuscular junction
a. Neostigmine
b. Physostigmine
c. Di-isopropyl
d. Carbachol
e. Curariform drugs
47. When a muscle begins to contract after long period of rest, its initial strength of contraction
is
a. Doubled
b. Reduced
c. Summated
d. Increased
e. Treppe

48. Acetylcholine is synthesized in in the

a. Sarcolemma
b. Synaptic trough
c. Myelin sheath
d. Cytoplasm of the nerve terminal
e. synaptic space
49. Which of the following protein is responsible for Ca+2 storage in sarcoplasmic reticulum?
a. Calmodulin
b. Calponin
c. Calsequestrin
d. Dihydropyridine Receptor
e. Synapsin

50. Transverse T tubules are actually extensions of which of the following structure
a. Axons
b. Cell membrane
c. Cell wall
d. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
e. Terminal cisternae

51. Which one of the following event happens on stimulating the motor neuron of a muscle
a. Activation of Ca+ –calmodulin complex
b. Release of acetylcholine
c. Release of Ca+ ions at synaptic junction
d. Summation of stimuli
e. Temporal facilitation
52. Which of the following action is done by Neostigmine
a. Activates acetylcholinesterase
b. Increase destruction of acetylcholine
c. Inactivates acetyl cholinesterase
d. Decreases the passage of impulses from nerve ending into muscle
e. Blocks transmission at neuromuscular junction

53. On the inside surface of the neural membrane are linear dense bars. On each side of these
dense bars are protein particles that penetrates the neural membrane. These are :
a. Acetylcholine gated channels
b. Ligand gated Ca+ channels
c. Ligand gated Na+ channels
d. Voltage gated Ca+ channels
e. Voltage gated Na+ channels

54. The proteins that anchor the acetylcholine vesicles to the cytoskeleton of the pre synaptic terminal is
known as
a. Dense bars
b. Subneural cleft
c. Synapsin
d. Synaptic gutter
e. Synaptic trough

55. Regarding Smooth muscle which of the following is true?

 a. It doesnot have actin filaments
b. It doesnot have gap junctions
c. It doesnot have myosin filament
d. It doesnot have troponin
e. It has troponin

56. In smooth muscles the function of Z lines is served by which of the following structure:
a. Actin filaments
b. Cell membrane
c. Dense bodies
d. Myosin filaments
e. Troponin

57. Comparing smooth muscle with skeletal muscle, which of the following statement is true ?
a. Skeletal muscle allow slow cycling of cross bridges
b. Skeletal muscles have prolonged attachment time for cross bridges
c. Smooth muscles have prolonged attachment time for cross bridges
d. Smooth muscles have more energy requirement to sustain contraction
e. There is slow degeneration of ATP in skeletal muscle

58. Some of the smooth muscles are self-excitatory .This activity is often associated with which
of the following?
a. Slow wave rhythm
b. Influx of K+ ions
c. Action potential with plateau
d. Efflux of Ca+ ions
e. Efflux of Na+ ions

59. Which one of the following best describes the characteristic of the ciliary muscle of the eye?
a. It is unitary smooth muscle
b. It is multiunit smooth muscle
c. It is motor end plate
d. It is under hormonal control only
e. It is under voluntary control

60. Regarding the significance of latch mechanism, which one of the following statement is true
a. It decrease duration of contraction
b. It maintains prolonged contraction
c. It produces fast cycling of cross bridges
d. Causes far more energy expenditure
e. It causes stress relaxation

61. Regarding the function of the uterine smooth muscles, which one of the following statement
is true
 a. It is multiunit
b. It is under nervous control
c. It doesnot contain gap junctions
d. It is syncytial smooth muscle
e. It is under voluntary control

62. In retrograde degeneration which of the following occurs?

a. Changes occur in distal part of injury
b. Changes occur only upto first node of Ranvier
c. Changes occur upto first two nodes of Ranvier
d. Changes occur uptothree nodes of Ranvier
e. Is also known as walleriandenegeration