Digital Design : 2021-22
Lecture 15 : Decoders an Encoders
By Dr. Sanjay Vidhyadharan
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Decoder
A Decoder is a combinational circuit that converts binary
information from ‘n’ input lines to 2n output lines
An Example: 2 to 4 Line Decoder
X Y D0 D1 D2 D3
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 0
1 1 0 0 0 1
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Decoder
An Example: 2 to 4 Line Decoder
D0
D1 Minterms
(0, 1, 2, 3)
D2
D3
Minterm Generating circuit
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Decoder
An Example: 2 to 4 Line Decoder with Enable
E X Y D0 D1 D2 D3
1 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 1 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 0 0 1
0 X X 0 0 0 0
Decoder with enable pin is also called as Demultiplexer
X and Y – Select Lines E- Input line
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Decoder
An Example: 2 to 4 Line Decoder with Enable
D0
D1
D2
D3
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Decoder
An Example: 3 to 8 Line Decoder
X Y Z D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Direct Implementation – Home Assignment
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Decoder
Implementing a 3 to 8 decoder using two 2 to 4 decoders with
enable pin
D0
X Y Z D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 Y
2 to 4 D1
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Decoder D2
0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Z
E D3
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 X’
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 D4
Y
1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 to 4 D5
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Decoder D6
Z
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 E D7
X
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Decoder
Implementing a 3 to 8 decoder using two 2 to 4 decoders with
enable pin
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Decoder
3 to 8 decoder
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Decoder
4 to 16 decoder
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Decoder
4 to 16 decoder
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Decoder
Implementing function using Decoders
F = ∑ (1, 2, 4, 7) = X’Y’Z + X’YZ’ + XY’Z’ + XYZ
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Encoder
Encoder - combinational circuit that performs inverse operation of
decoder
Has 2n or fewer input lines and n output lines
An Example: D0 D1 D2 D3 X Y
X = D2 + D3 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 1
Y = D1 + D3 0 0 1 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 1 1
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Encoder
D0 D1 D2 D3 X Y
X = D2 + D3 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 1
Y = D1 + D3
0 0 1 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 1 1
Limitations:
If two ones appear i.e. if D1 and D2 are ‘1’ then both X and Y will
be ‘1’ resulting in output 11
If all the inputs are zeros then output is 00 – which indicates that
D0 is 1
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Priority Encoder
Encoder circuits must establish input priority
If high priority is given to inputs with higher subscripts
If both D1 and D2 are ‘1’ then resulting o/p should be 10
If all the inputs are zeros then output is 00 – which indicates that
D0 is 1
This ambiguity can be resolved by providing one more output.
Extra Output indicates whether at least one input is equal to 1
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Priority Encoder
D0 D1 D2 D3 X Y
1 0 0 0 0 0 Encoder
0 1 0 0 0 1 X = D2 + D3
0 0 1 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 1 1 Y = D1 + D3
D0 D1 D2 D3 X Y V
1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Priority Encoder
X 1 0 0 0 1 1 X = D2 + D3
X X 1 0 1 0 1
X X X 1 1 1 1 Y = D1D2’ + D3
0 0 0 0 X X 0 V = D0 + D1 + D2 + D3
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Priority Encoder
Priority Encoder
X = D2 + D3
Y = D1D2’ + D3
V = D0 + D1 + D2 + D3
D0 D1 D2 D3 X Y V
1 0 0 0 0 0 1
X 1 0 0 0 1 1
X X 1 0 1 0 1
X X X 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 X X 0
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Binary to Gray Using Encoder-Decoder
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Encoder Applications
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Encoder Applications
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Encoder Applications
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Decoder Applications
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TTL Encoder and Decoder
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Thank you
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