Answer Sheet

Number Answer Problem ID

1 2-sqrt(3) CC414
2 9/16 135A1
3 4/3 4C551
4 8 square units A2A21
5 25 2A253
6 16π cubic inches B35
9
7 √
16 D4315
8 9 19 square units 55315
9 24 feet 05CC2
10 6 √ BA253
14 3
11 3 centimeters B3A4
12 25 square centimeters A5B11
13 8 solids BCB1
14 24 04141
15 11 square meters 45B44
16 3.5 1D253
17 28 % 35CC2
18 3
√lengths 3B121
19 21√ 3A422
20 2 − 3 units B5315
21 1/9
√ 54A21
22 8 2 3A253
23 1/2 10A01
24 18 √ 0A02
25 108 3 11531
26 2/5 01B4
27 9 units
√ 10D51
28 −1 + 2 A3A21
29 10sqrt(5) feet DD414
30 12 units 2A414

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 Solutions

(1) 2-sqrt(3) ID: [CC414]

Let the side length of square ABCD (and, thus, the side length of each of the four equilateral triangles) be x.
Then the height of each of the equilateral triangles, h, can be found using the Pythagorean Theorem with the
right triangle formed by dropping an altitude from the vertex of the equilateral triangle:
 2
1
x 2 = h2 + x
2
3 2
h2 = x
4
√
3
h= x.
2
The distance between a side of square ABCD and the vertex of EF GH furthest away from it (i.e. 
distance from
√ √ √ 
AD to F ) is x− 2 x. Then, the length of one of the diagonals of square EF GH is equal to 2 x− x − 23 x =
3 3
√
3x − x. We can now find the side length of square EF GH, y, using the Pythagorean Theorem with two of
the side lengths and the diagonal:
√ 2
3x − x = y2 + y2
√
3x − x
y= √ .
2
√
3x−x
2 √

The area of square ABCD is x2 and the area of square EF GH is √
2
= 2 − 3 x2 . Therefore, the
√ √
(2− 3)x2
ratio of the area of square EF GH to the area of square ABCD is x2 = 2− 3 .

(2) 9/16 ID: [135A1]

No solution is available at this time.

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(3) 4/3 ID: [4C551]
Form a triangle whose first vertex is the center of the circle and whose other two vertices are the midpoint
and one of the endpoints of a side of the larger hexagon, as shown in the diagram. Since each interior angle
of a regular hexagon is 120 degrees, this triangle is a 30-60-90 right triangle. Let r be√the radius of the circle.
The length of the√longer leg of the triangle is r, so the length of the shorter leg is r/ 3 and the length of the
hypotenuse is 2r/ 3. Since for the smaller hexagon √ the length of the segment connecting a vertex to the center
is r, the dimensions of the larger hexagon are 2/ 3 times larger than the dimensions of the smaller hexagon.
√
Therefore, the area of the larger triangle is (2/ 3)2 = 4/3 times greater than the area of the smaller triangle.

(4) 8 square units ID: [A2A21]

M
P

B N C

Drawing the three medians of a triangle divides the triangle into six triangles with equal area. Triangle AP C
consists of two of these triangles, so [AP C] = [ABC]/3 = (6 · 8/2)/3 = 8 .

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(5) 25 ID: [2A253]
Let the sides of the rectangle have lengths x and y. Frompthe perimeter statement, we have 2(x + y) = 20 or
x + y = 10. The diagonal of the rectangle has length d = x2 + y 2 , so

d2 = x2 + y 2 = x2 + y 2 + 2xy − 2xy = (x + y)2 − 2xy = 102 − 2xy.

We substitute the area of the rectangle, A = xy, to get d2 = 100 − 2A. Solving for A in terms of d2 gives
1
A = 50 − d2 .
2

Thus we need m = 50 and n = 21 , and so the product mn = 50 · 1

2 = 25 .

(6) 16π cubic inches ID: [B35]

The volume of the cone is 13 · 4π · 8 = 32
3 π cubic inches, and the volume of the hemisphere is 2
3 · 8π = 16
3 π. The
sum is  
16 32
+ π = 16π .
3 3

9
(7) 16 ID: [D4315]
No solution is available at this time.

√
(8) 9 19 square units ID: [55315]
No solution is available at this time.

(9) 24 feet ID: [05CC2] √

The ratio of the areas of the cross sections is equal to 216 √3 = 4 . Since the ratio of the area of two similar
486 3 9
figures is the square of the ratio q
of their corresponding sides, it follows that the ratio of the corresponding sides
4
of the cross-sections is equal to 9 = 32 .
Now consider the right triangles formed by the apex of the pyramid, the foot of the altitude from the apex to
the cross section, and a vertex of the hexagon. It follows that these two right triangles will be similar, since
they share an angle at the apex. The ratio of their legs in the cross-section is 2/3, so it follows that the heights
of the right triangles are in the same ratio. Suppose that the larger cross section is h feet away from the apex;
then h − 32 h = 8, so h3 = 8 =⇒ h = 24 feet.

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(10) 6 ID: [BA253]
We draw the pentagon as follows, and draw altitude BG from B to AE.
The angles of a pentagon always add up to 3 · 180◦ = 540◦ , so ∠A = 540◦ − 90◦ − 135◦ − 135◦ − 135◦ = 45◦ .
Since ∠BAG = 45◦ , AG = GB.

A G E

2
D
2

B 2 C F

We extend lines BC and ED past√points C and D respectively until they intersect

√ at F . △CF D is a 45-45-90
√
triangle with CF = F D = √22 = 2. So GBF E is a square with side length 2 + 2, and AG = BG = 2 + 2.
√ √
It follows that AE = AG + GE = 2(2 + 2) = 4 + 2 2, and finally a + b = 6 .

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 √
14 3
(11) 3 centimeters ID: [B3A4]
We will calculate the area of the hexagon in two different ways. Let the interior point in the figure be called
P , and let s be the side length of the hexagon. The areas of the triangles AP B, BP C, CP D, DP E, EP F ,
and F P A are 12 (s)(4), 12 (s)(6), 21 (s)(9), 12 (s)(10), 21 (s)(8), and 12 (s)(5), respectively. Also, the area of a regular
√ √
hexagon with side length s is 3s2 3/2. Setting the sum of the triangles’ areas equal to 3s2 3/2 gives
√
1 3s2 3
s(4 + 6 + 9 + 10 + 8 + 5) = =⇒
2 2√
3s2 3
21s = =⇒
√2
14s = s2 3 =⇒
14
s = 0 or s = √
3
√ √
14 3 14 3
=√ ·√ = cm.
3 3 3

B A

4
6 5
P
C 9 8 F
10

D E

(12) 25 square centimeters ID: [A5B11]

No solution is available at this time.

(13) 8 solids ID: [BCB1]

No solution is available at this time.

(14) 24 ID: [04141]

No solution is available at this time.

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(15) 11 square meters ID: [45B44]
Let the sides of the triangle be a, b, and c where c is the length of the hypotenuse. We have that c = 10 and
a + b + c = 22, so a + b = 12. From the Pythagorean Theorem, we also have that a2 + b2 = c2 = 102 = 100.
We wish to find the triangle’s area, which is 21 ab.
Squaring both sides of a + b = 12 gives us an equation containing both what we have and what we want, which
is a2 + 2ab + b2 = 144. Substituting a2 + b2 = 100, we get that 2ab = 44. Dividing by 4 on both sides leaves
us with the area of the triangle, 11 .

(16) 3.5 ID: [1D253]

Label points on the square as follows:

D G C
H

F 1
A E B

Note how the desired area is equal to the area of square ABCD minus the areas of isosceles right triangles
△EBH and △F DG.
Notice that △AF E and △CHG are 45-45-90 triangles, so AE = AF = CG = CH = √1 . Then
2

1
EB = AB − AE = 4 − √ ,
2
so the total area of the two triangles is the same as the area of a square with side length EB, or
2
√

1 8 1 1
4− √ = 16 − √ + = 16 − 4 2.
2 2 2 2
√ √
Thus the area of the hexagonal stripe is 42 − (16 21 − 4 2) = − 21 + 4 2. Hence a = − 21 , b = 4, and a + b =
− 12 + 4 = 3 21 = 3.5 .

(17) 28 % ID: [35CC2]

The formula for the volume of a right cylinder is given by πr2 h, where r is the radius and h is the height of
the cylinder. If the diameter is increased by 25%, then the radius is increased by the same percentage. Let h′
be the new height of the large cylinder. Then,
 2
5
2 · (πr2 h) = π · r · (h′ ),
4

42 32 h′ 32 128
so 2 · 52 ·h= 25 h = h′ . It follows that h = 25 = 100 = 128%, so h′ has to increase by 28% .

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(18) 3 lengths ID: [3B121]
Using the Triangle Inequality, we see that the third side of a triangle with sides 3 cm and 5 cm must be larger
than 2 cm but smaller than 8 cm. If the third side must be a whole centimeter length, and the triangle is
scalene, that means that the only possible lengths for the third side are: 4 cm, 6 cm, and 7 cm. That makes
3 possible lengths for the third side.

√
(19) 21 ID: [3A422]
Notice that if the triangle is a right triangle with legs 2 and x, its area is 12 (2)(x) = x, as desired. Also notice that
the angle between the sides 2 and x must be 90◦ , because if we changed this angle while keeping the side lengths
2 and x constant, the area would either increase or decrease from the desired x. So we have a right triangle
√
with legs 2 and x, and hypotenuse 5. By the Pythagorean Theorem, 22 + x2 = 52 ⇒ x2 = 21 ⇒ x = 21 .

√
(20) 2 − 3 units ID: [B5315]
No solution is available at this time.

(21) 1/9 ID: [54A21]

No solution is available at this time.

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 √
(22) 8 2 ID: [3A253]
We create a diagram with the given information from the problem:

O Q P

We draw in radii OT and P S and connect O and P . Then we drop a perpendicular from P to OT that
intersects OT at R:

T
R
S

O P

∠OT S and ∠P ST are right angles as tangents create right angles with radii at points of tangency. RT SP is
a rectangle, and △ORP is√right. We use Pythagorean
√ theorem on △ORP : we have OP = 8 + 2 = 10 and
OR = 8 − 2 = 6, so RP = OP 2 − OR2 = 102 − 62 = 8. Then T S = 8 as well.

T
8
8
S

O P

√ √
Finally, OS is the hypotenuse of right triangle △OT S with OT = T S = 8. Hence OS = 82 + 82 = 8 2 .

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(23) 1/2 ID: [10A01]
First we draw diagonal BD, and let the diagonals intersect at T , as shown:

A B

D M C

Since CT and BM are medians of △BCD, point O is the centroid of △BCD, so OC = (2/3)CT . Since T is
the midpoint of AC, we have CT = AC/2, so OC = (2/3)CT = (2/3)(AC/2) = AC/3. Since OC is 13 of AC,
2
we know that OA is the other 3 of AC, which means OC/OA = 1/2 .

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(24) 18 ID: [0A02]

A B C D E

We divide the arrangement into the five sections shown above. The side view of each section must be contained
within the side view of the entire arrangement, so each section contains at most 6 cubes. Furthermore, sections
B and D have no “upper” cubes, so they can’t have the two upper cubes shown in the side view of the
entire arrangement; hence, they have at most 4 cubes. This means the entire arrangement has at most
6 + 4 + 6 + 4 + 6 = 26 cubes. This is achieved for the following arrangement:

Thus, N = 26.
There are 8 cubes seen in the front view, so an arrangement must have at least 8 cubes. This is achieved for
the following arrangement:

Thus, n = 8. So N − n = 26 − 8 = 18 .

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 √
(25) 108 3 ID: [11531]
No solution is available at this time.

(26) 2/5 ID: [01B4]

Let s1 be the side length of the square inscribed in the semicircle of radius r. Applying the Pythagorean
theorem to the right triangle shown in the diagram, we have (s1 /2)2 + s21 = r2 , which implies s21 = 45 r2 . Let s2
be the side length of the square inscribed in the circle of radius r. Applying the Pythagorean theorem to the
right triangle shown in the diagram, we have (s2 /2)2 + (s2 /2)2 = r2 , which implies s22 = 2r2 . Therefore, the
4 2
s2 r 2
ratio of the areas of the two squares is 12 = 5 2 = .
s2 2r 5

r r

(27) 9 units ID: [10D51]

Name the vertices of the hexagon so that hexagon ABCDEF has AB = 1, BC = 7, CD = 2, and DE = 4.
The hexagon is equiangular, so each interior angle measures 180(6 − 2)/6 = 120 degrees. Extend sides AB,
CD, and EF and call their intersection points G, H, and J as shown. The exterior angles of the hexagon
each measure 180 − 120 = 60 degrees, so triangles JDE, CBH, F GA, and JHG are all equilateral. It follows
that JD = DE = 4 units and CH = CB = 7 units. Therefore the side length JH of triangle JGH is
4 + 2 + 7 = 13 units. Turning to side HG, we find that AF = AG = 13 − (7 + 1) = 5 units. Finally, we solve
JG = JE + EF + F G for EF to get EF = 13 − (4 + 5) = 4 units. The sum of the missing sides is 5 + 4 = 9
units.

D E
4
C 2

F
7

1
H B A G

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 √
(28) −1 + 2 ID: [A3A21]
No solution is available at this time.

(29) 10sqrt(5) feet ID: [DD414]

Since the caterpillar is traveling between two corners that are the farthest apart, the caterpillar must travel
across at least two sides of the cubical room. That is, if, for example, A is a corner between two walls and the
floor and B is a corner between the other two walls and the ceiling, the caterpillar must travel across the floor
and up a wall, up a wall and across the ceiling, or up and across two adjacent walls.
Since the room is cubical, the caterpillar would travel across sides of the same size in any of these scenarios.
Also, without changing the distance, the two sides the caterpillar travels across could be “flattened” to form a
rectangle with length 20 feet and width 10 feet made up of two squares with side length 10 feet, so traveling
across two square sides with side length 10 feet is the same as traveling across a rectangle with length 20 feet
and width 10 feet.
The shortest distance from one corner of
√ a rectangle to the non-adjacent corner of the rectangle is the diagonal
across the rectangle, which has length l2 + w2 . Therefore, the length of the shortest path from A to B that
p √
the caterpillar may have taken is (20 feet)2 + (10 feet)2 = 400 feet2 + 100 feet2 = 10 5 feet.
p

(30) 12 units ID: [2A414]

Since ∠LM N is an inscribed angle that subtends a diameter of the circle, it is a right angle. If we can find LN
and LM , we can use the Pythagorean Theorem to find M N .
Since ∠KP N and ∠LP M are vertical angles, they are congruent. Also, since ∠M KN and ∠N LM are inscribed
angles that subtend the same chord, they are congruent. Since two pairs of corresponding angles in △KP N
and △LP M are congruent, the two triangles are similar. Thus, we know that the ratios between the lengths of
corresponding sides are the same, so we have PPK
L LM
=N K . We can solve this equation to find the length of LM :

PL LM
=
PK NK
8 units LM
=
9 units 18 units
LM = 16 units.

Since O, P, and L are collinear, OL is a radius with length 2 units + 8 units = 10 units. Since LN is a chord
that passes through the center of the circle, it is a diameter of the circle. So the length of LN is two times the
radius, or 20 units. Thus, we can use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the length of M N :

(LN )2 = (LM )2 + (M N )2
(20 units)2 = (16 units)2 + (M N )2
(M N )2 = 144 units2
M N = 12 units.

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