Interview Questions in

ASP.NET,C#.NET,SQ
L Server,.NET
Framework
By: Suresh Dasari Nov 13, 2013
Categories: Interview Questions
Here I am posting the interview questions whatever i have faced
in my interviews
I have searched for so many websites and gathered information
from my friends to answer the questions perfectly.

i think these questions are very helpful for the people who are
trying to get the job on .NET
The most common question for experience persons is

Why would you like to change the company?

1) I am looking for a more challenging career in a firm with a

larger employee base such as yours.
2) Keeping in mind my career goals, the time has come for me
to move onto the next rung of
the ladder and make a mark for myself. This can be achieved in
a company like this.
3) It is just a career move to enhance my knowledge in my own
area of interest.
After completion of this question only interview will go for
further questions

Difference between stored procedure and function

1) Procedure can return zero or n values whereas function can

return one value which is mandatory.
2) Procedures can have input, output parameters for it whereas
functions can have only input parameters.
3) Procedure allows select as well as DML statement in it
whereas function allows only select statement in it.
4) Functions can be called from procedure whereas procedures
cannot be called from function.
5) Exception can be handled by try-catch block in a procedure
whereas try-catch block cannot be used in a function.
6) We can go for transaction management in procedure whereas
we can't go in function.
7) Procedures cannot be utilized in a select statement whereas
function can be embedded in a select statement.

Difference between Abstract and Interface

Abstract Class:
-Abstract class provides a set of rules to implement next class
-Rules will be provided through abstract methods
-Abstract method does not contain any definition
-While inheriting abstract class all abstract methods must be
override
-If a class contains at least one abstract method then it must be
declared as an “Abstract Class”
-Abstract classes cannot be instantiated, but a reference cannot
be created
-Reference depends on child class object’s memory
-Abstract classes are also called as “Partial abstract classes”
-Partial abstract class may contain functions with body and
functions without body
-If a class contains all functions without body then it is called as
“Fully Abstract Class” (Interface)

Interface:

-If a class contains all abstract methods then that class is known
as “Interface”
-Interfaces support like multiple inheritance
-In interface all methods r public abstract by default
-Interfaces r implementable
-Interfaces cannot be instantiated, but a reference can be created

Index types in SQL Server

Clustered Index
Only 1 allowed per table physically rearranges the data in the
table to confirm to the index constraints for use on columns that
are frequently searched for ranges of data for use on columns
with low selectivity.

Non-Clustered Index

Up to 249 allowed per table creates a separate list of key values

with pointers to the location of the data in the data pages For use
on columns that are searched for single values

A clustered index is a special type of index that reorders the way

records in the table are physically stored. Therefore table can
have only one clustered index. The leaf nodes of a clustered
index contain the data pages. A non-clustered index is a special
type of index in which the logical order of the index does not
match the physical stored order of the rows on disk. The leaf
node of a non-clustered index does not consist of the data pages.
Instead, the leaf nodes contain index rows.

Included Column Index (New in SQL Server 2005)

In SQL Server 2005, the functionality of non-clustered indexes

is extended by adding non-key columns to the leaf level of the
non-clustered index. Non-key columns can help to create cover
indexes. By including non-key columns, you can create non-
clustered indexes that cover more queries. The Database Engine
does not consider non-key columns when calculating the number
of index key columns or index key size. Non-key columns can
be included in non-clustered index to avoid exceeding the
current index size limitations of a maximum of 16 key columns
and a maximum index key size of 900 bytes. Another advantage
is that using non-key column in index we can have index data
types not allowed as index key columns generally.

In following example column Filename is varchar(400), which

will increase the size of the index key bigger than it is allowed.
If we still want to include in our cover index to gain
performance we can do it by using the Keyword INCLUDE.

USE AdventureWorks
GO
CREATE INDEX IX_Document_Title
ON Production.Document (Title, Revision)
INCLUDE (FileName)

Non-key columns can be included only in non-clustered indexes.

Columns can’t be defined in both the key column and they
INCLUDE list. Column names can’t be repeated in the
INCLUDE list. Non-key columns can be dropped from a table
only after the non-key index is dropped first. For Included
Column Index to exist there must be at least one key column
defined with a maximum of 16 key columns and 1023 included
columns.
Avoid adding unnecessary columns. Adding too many index
columns, key or non-key as they will affect negatively on
performance. Fewer index rows will fit on a page. This could
create I/O increases and reduced cache efficiency. More disk
space will be required to store the index. Index maintenance
may increase the time that it takes to perform modifications,
inserts, updates, or deletes, to the underlying table or indexed
view.

Another example to test:

Create following Index on Database AdventureWorks in SQL

SERVER 2005

USE AdventureWorks
GO
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX IX_Address_PostalCode
ON Person.Address (PostalCode)
INCLUDE (AddressLine1, AddressLine2, City, StateProvinceI
D)
GO

Test the performance of following query before and after

creating Index. The performance improvement is significant.
SELECT AddressLine1, AddressLine2, City, StateProvinceID,
PostalCode
FROM Person.Address
WHERE PostalCode BETWEEN '98000'
AND '99999';
GO

Interview questions

What are differences between Array list and Hash table?

Ans: 1) Hash table store data as name, value pair. While in array
only value is store.
2) To access value from hash table, you need to pass name.
While in array, to access value, you need to pass index number.
3) you can store different type of data in hash table, say int,
string etc. while in array you can store only similar type of data.

What are differences between system.stringbuilder and

system.string?

The main difference is system.string is immutable and

system.stringbuilder is a mutable. Append keyword is used in
string builder but not in system.string.
Immutable means once we created we cannot modified. Suppose
if we want give new value to old value simply it will discarded
the old value and it will create new instance in memory to hold
the new value.
What are the differences between Application object and
session object?

Ans: The session object is used to maintain the session of each

user. If one user enter in to the application then they get session
id if he leaves from the application then the session id is deleted.
If they again enter in to the application they get different session
id.
But for application object the id is maintained for whole
application.

What are the different types of indexes?

Ans: Two types of indexes are there one is clustered index and
non-clustered index

How many types of memories are there in .net?

Ans: Two types of memories are there in .net stack memory and
heap memory

Is it possible to set the session out time manually?

Ans: Yes we can set the session out time manually in

web.config.
What are differences between function and stored
procedure?

Ans:
1) Function returns only one value but procedure returns one or
more than one value.
2) Function can be utilized in select statements but that is not
possible in procedure.
3) Procedure can have an input and output parameters but
function has only input parameters only.
4) Exceptions can be handled by try catch block in procedures
but that is not possible in function.

What are the differences between Abstract and interface?

Ans:

1) Abstract and interfaces cannot be instantiated but we can

inherit.
2) Interface contain only declarations no definitions. Abstract
contain declarations and definitions.
3) The class which contains only abstract methods is interface
class. A class which contains abstract method is called abstract
class
4) Public is default access specifier for interface we don’t have a
chance to declare other specifiers. In abstract we have chance to
declare with any access specifier
Can you Explain Page lifecycle in .net?
Can you Explain .NET architecture in .net?

What is the difference between primary key and unique key

with not null?

Ans: There is no difference between primary key and unique

key with not null.

What is boxing and unboxing concepts in .net?

Ans: Boxing is a process of converting value type into reference

type
Unboxing is a process of converting reference type to value
type.

What are the differences between value type and reference

type?

Ans: Value type contain variable and reference type are

not containing value directly in its memory.
Memory is allocated in managed heap in reference type and in
value type memory allocated in stack. Reference type ex-class
value type-struct, enumeration

Is it possible to host the website from desktop?

Ans: Yes

Why we go for page rendering in Asp.Net Page life cycle?

Ans: Browser understands an only html control that’s why in

page rendering we will convert the aspx controls into html
controls.

Write a sample query for self join?

Ans: Select e1.ename, e2.empid from emp e1, emp e2 where

e1.empid=e2.mgrid;

Can we change the index of primary key on table?

Ans: No

How to change the name of the table or stored procedure in

sql?
Ans: sp_rename oldtablename newtablename
For changing the column name
Sp_rename
‘tablename.[Oldcolumnname]’,’newcolumnname’,’Column’
Ex:sp_rename ‘tblemp.first’,’namechange’,’Column’

How to find out which index is defined on table?

Ans: sp_helpindex tablename

Can you write the program to find the length of string

without using library function?

Ans: for (int i=0; str[i]!=”\n”; i++)

{
Count++;
}

What is the difference between scope_identity() and

current_identity()?

Ans: Scope_identity and current _identity both are similar and it

will return the last identity value generated in the table.
Scope_Identity will return the identity value in table that is
currently in scope

What are difference between GET and POST Methods?

Ans:
GET Method ():

1) Data is appended to the URL.

2) Data is not secret.
3) It is a single call system
4) Maximum data that can be sent is 256.
5) Data transmission is faster
6) this is the default method for many browsers

POST Method ():

1) Data is not appended to the URL.
2) Data is Secret
3) it is a two call system.
4) There is no Limit on the amount of data. That is characters
any amount of data can be sent.
5) Data transmission is comparatively slow.
6) No default and should be explicitly specified.

What are difference between truncate and delete?

Ans: 1) Delete keep the lock over each row where Truncate
keeps the lock on table not on all the row.
2) Counter of the Identity column is reset in Truncate where it is
not reset in Delete.
3) Trigger is not fired in Truncate where as trigger is fired in
Delete.
4) In TRUNCATE we cannot rollback.
5) In DELETE we can rollback

What is the difference Grid View and between Data Grid

(Windows)?

Ans:
1) GridView Control Enables you to add sorting, paging and
editing capabilities without writing any code.
2)GridView Control Automatically Supports paging by setting
the ‘PagerSetting’ Property.The Page Setting Property supports
four Modles

a. Numeric(by default)
b. Next Previous
c. NumericFirstLast
d. Next PreviousLast

3)It is Used in asp.net

4)GridView Supports RowUpdating and RowUpdated Events.
5)GidView is Capable of Pre-Operations and Post-Operations.
6)GridView Has EditTemplates for this control
7)It has AutoFormat
DataGrid(Windows)
1)DataGid Control raises single Event for operations
2)DataGird Supports the SortCommand Events that occur when
a column is Soted.
3)DataGrid Supports UpdataCommand Event that occurs when
the UpdateButton is clicked for an item in the grid.
4)DataGrid is used in Windows GUI Application.
5)It doesnot have EditTemplates for this control
6)It doesnot have AutoFormat

If I write System.exit (0); at the end of the try block, will the
finally block still execute?

Ans: No in this case the finally block will not execute because
when you say system.exit(0),the control immediately goes out of
the program, and thus finally never executes.

What are the different levels of State management in

ASP.NET?

Ans:
State management is the process by which you maintain state
and page information over multiple requests for the same or
different pages.

There are 2 types State Management:

1. Client – Side State Management
This stores information on the client's computer by embedding
the information into a Web page, a uniform resource locator
(url), or a cookie. The techniques available to store the state
information at the client end are listed down below:

a. View State – Asp.Net uses View State to track the values in

the Controls. You can add custom values to the view state. It is
used by the Asp.net page framework to automatically save the
values of the page and of each control just prior to rendering to
the page. When the page is posted, one of the first tasks
performed by page processing is to restore view state.

b. Control State – If you create a custom control that requires

view state to work properly, you should use control state to
ensure other developers don’t break your control by disabling
view state.

c. Hidden fields – Like view state, hidden fields store data in an

HTML form without displaying it in the user's browser. The data
is available only when the form is processed.

d. Cookies – Cookies store a value in the user's browser that the

browser sends with every page request to the same server.
Cookies are the best way to store state data that must be
available for multiple Web pages on a web site.

e. Query Strings - Query strings store values in the URL that are
visible to the user. Use query strings when you want a user to be
able to e-mail or instant message state data with a URL.
2. Server – Side State Management
a. Application State - Application State information is available
to all pages, regardless of which user requests a page.

b. Session State – Session State information is available to all

pages opened by a user during a single visit.

Both application state and session state information is lost when

the application restarts. To persist user data between application
restarts, you can store it using profile properties.

Abstract Class:

Abstract class is a class which cannot be instantiated. Class

should have “Abstract” key word with the name. In any one of
the method of class having abstract method with in it, then it
should be define as abstract class. The class which derived the
abstract class should have definition of the abstract method.
These classes which derived the abstract class and implement
the abstract methods call concrete class.

Abstract class may have the definition of function or may not.

Below is the simple example of an abstract class

public abstract class AbstractStudent

{
String Roll
{
 get;
set;
}

String FirstName
{
get;
set;
}

String LastName
{
get;
set;
}

Public String GetStudentDetails()

{

// Implementation of Method
}

public String SaveStudentDetails ()

{
// Implementation of Method
}

public abstract String CalculateWage();

}
So, the class having one abstract method so we need to mention
the class as "abstract" .

Difference between Abstract Class and Interface?

Abstract class is a class which cannot be instantiated and which

can have methods with definition as well as declaration also.
This can be inherited.

As for Example:

public abstract class AbstractStudent

{
String Roll
{
get;
set;
}

String FirstName
{
get;
set;
}

String LastName
{
get;
set;
}
 Public String GetStudentDetails()
{
// Implementation of Method
}

public String SaveStudentDetails ()

{
// Implementation of Method
}

public abstract String CalculateWage();

Interface can only contain the methods declaration and can be

implemented in the class.

As for Example:

Public interface IStudnet

{
String Roll
{
get;
set;
}

String FirstName
 {
get;
set;
}

String LastName
{
get;
set;
}

String GetStudentDetails();
String SaveStudentDetails ();
}

Below are the few main difference between

Abstract Class and Interface
a. In abstract class method can have definition as well as
declaration also. But Interface should have only declarations.
b. All the Methods are Public as default and don’t have any
access Modifier Controls in interface, whereas for abstract class
we can have access modifier for methods.
c. Abstract class can have constructor or destructor, whereas
interface not.
d. Abstract class can’t be part of multiple inheritance and we
can implement multiple interface.
What do you mean by String objects are immutable?

String objects are immutable as its state cannot be modified once

created. Every time when we perform any operation like add,
copy, replace, and case conversion or when we pass a string
object as a parameter to a method a new object will be created.

Example:
String str = "ABC";

str.Replace("A","X");

Here Replace() method will not change data that "str" contains,
instead a new string object is created to hold data "XBC" and the
reference to this object is returned by Replace() method.

So in order to point str to this object we need to write below

line.
str = str.Replace("A","X");
Now the new object is assigned to the variable str. earlier object
that was assigned to str will take care by garbage collector as
this one is no longer in used.

What is dll hell problem in .NET and how it will solve?

Ans: Dll hell, is kind of conflict that occurred previously, due to

the lack of version supportability of dll for (within) an
application
.NET Framework provides operating system with a global
assembly cache. This cache is a repository for all the .net
components that are shared globally on a particular machine.
When a .net component installed onto the machine, the global
assembly cache looks at its version, its public key and its
language information and creates a strong name for the
component. The component is then registered in the repository
and indexed by its strong name, so there is no confusion
between the different versions of same component, or DLL

What is a Partial class?

Ans: Instead of defining an entire class, you can split the

definition into multiple classes by using partial class keyword.
When the application compiled, c# compiler will group all the
partial classes together and treat them as a single class. There are
a couple of good reasons to use partial classes. Programmers can
work on different parts of classes without needing to share same
physical file
Ex:
Public partial class employee
{
Public void somefunction()
{
}
}
Public partial class employee
{
Public void function ()
{
}
}

What is difference between constants, read-only

and, static?

Constants: The value can’t be changed

Read-only: The value will be initialized only once from the
constructor of the class.
Static: Value can be initialized once.

What is the cross page post backing?

Asp.Net 2.0 fixed this with built-in features that allowed us to

easily send information from one page to another.

Button control has property PostBackUrl that can be set to URL

of any page in our ASP.Net WebSite where we want to transfer
all form values to.
Along with that Asp.Net 2.0 Page class has a
property PreviousPage that allows us to get reference to the
Page object that initiated the postback (in other words to get the
actual reference to the Page object of the aspx page on which
user clicked the Submit button on a HTML form).
So for example lets create two sample pages in our Web
Application:
• SourcePage.aspx

• DestinationPage.aspx

In SoucePage in Html form we will put two TextBox controls

(one for First Name and one for Last Name) and one Button
component and set its PostBackUrl property to
"~/DestinationPage.aspx".

SourcePage.aspx:
<form id="form1" runat="server">
<div>
First
Name:&nbsp;<asp:TextBox ID="FirstName" runat="server"></
asp:TextBox><br />
Last
Name:&nbsp;<asp:TextBox ID="LastName" runat="server"></
asp:TextBox><br /><br />
<asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" Text="Submit
To Destination
Page" PostBackUrl="~/CrossPagePostbacks/DestinationPage.as
px" />
</div>
</form>

When our user clicks the Submit button, all the values from the
HTML Form on SourcePage.aspx will be transfered to the
DestinationPage.aspx and we will also be able to get reference
to the SourcePage.aspx in our DestinationPage with
the PreviousPage property like this:
So in our DestinationPage.aspx.cs code-behind we can easily
access two TextBox controls on SourcePage.aspx and show
them in two label controls like this:
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// first check if we had a cross page postback
if ( (PreviousPage != null) &&
(PreviousPage.IsCrossPagePostBack) )
{
Page previousPage = PreviousPage;
TextBox firstName =
(TextBox)previousPage.FindControl("FirstName");
TextBox lastName =
(TextBox)previousPage.FindControl("LastName");
// we can now use the values from TextBoxes and
display them in two Label controls..
labelFirstName.Text = firstName.Text;
labelLastName.Text = lastName.Text;
}
}

You probably noticed that we first checked

if PreviousPage property of current page
(DestinationPage.aspx) is NOT NULL, this is done to avoid
running our code in case that user opens our
DestinationPage.aspx directly, without running a cross page
postback.

Also here we checked the another PreviousPage property

called IsCrossPagePostBack to see if we really had a
CrossPagePostback.
(If Server.Transfer is used to redirect to this
page, IsCrossPagePostBack property will be set to FALSE.

TIP: We can be completely sure that we have a real

CrossPagePostback ONLY IF:
1. Page.PreviousPage is NOT NULL,
2. PreviousPage.IsCrossPagePostback is true
This important to check to avoid errors in code.

Now this is very useful and i'm sure you are eager to use this in
your next project. But wait, we are not over yet!

Finding the controls on PreviousPage with FindControl method

and type-casting them from object to their real type is a little
messy.
It feels like there must be a better solution for this!

And here it is: We can use the <%@ PreviousPageType

%> directive in the header of our DestinationPage.aspx like this

<%@ PreviousPageType VirtualPath="~/SourcePage.aspx" %>

to declare our previous page type, and then we can access Public
properties of the PreviousPage without typecasting.
Now all we need to do is to create some public properties on our
SourcePage.aspx.cs to expose data/Controls we want to the
destionation page:
public partial class SourcePage : System.Web.UI.Page
{
public string FormFirstName
 {
get { return FirstName.Text; }
}

public string FormLastName

{
get { return LastName.Text; }
}
}

And then we can change the Page_Load code in our

DestinationPage.aspx to much cleaner code like this:
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// first check if we had a cross page postback
if ( (PreviousPage != null) &&
(PreviousPage.IsCrossPagePostBack) )
{
SourcePage prevPage = PreviousPage;

// we can now use the values from textboxes and display

them in two Label controls..
labelFirstName.Text = prevPage.FormFirstName;
labelLastName.Text = prevPage.FormLastName;
}
}

SourcePage type used in the code is offcourse name of the

partial class defined is SourcePage.aspx.cs that
inherits System.Web.UI.Page that is automatically created for
us when we created new WebForm in VisualStudio.

This code is much cleaner and easier to follow, there is no ugly

typecasting, just simple property values to use to retrieve the
data from previous page.

When should you use Abstract Class vs Interface while

programming?

Ans: When we want that sub class must implement all the
methods of base class. In such a situation we will implement
the interface. In the other hand when we want only some
method of base class in our sub class then use base class as
abstract class.

What is the difference between application exception and

system exception?

Ans: The difference between application exception and system

exception is that system exceptions are thrown by CLR and
application exceptions are thrown by applications.

What is the difference between authorization and

authentication?

Ans: Authorization is a process of allowing or denying

resources to particular user or record
Declaration of authorization is

<authorization>
<allow users=”Suresh, Sanjay”/>
<deny users=”Ramana, Rakesh”>
</authorization>
Sometimes authorization allows the unauthorized persons at that
time we will use
<deny users=”?”/>

Authentication means

Authentication is a process where we identify the credentials of

user i.e. username, password and create an identity to mention
user as an authenticated.

What is the use of n-tier architecture and 3-tier

architecture?

Check this article for 3-tier architecture 3 tier architecture

example in asp.net

How to get the version of the assembly?

Ans: lbltxt.text=Assembly.
GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().Version.ToString();

What is the location of Global Assembly Cache on the

system?

Ans: c:\Windows\assembly

What is the serialization?

Ans: Serialization is a process of converting object into a stream

of bites.

What is synchronization?

Ans: The mechanism needed to block one thread access to the

data. If the data is being accessed by another thread.
Synchronization can be accessed by using system.monitor class
A monitor class methods are enter, exit, pulse for this lock
statement is also used
Suppose if we need to synchronize some data at that time we
need to place that data in this block
Lock
{
}
Whatever the data has been placed into the lock block that data
has been blocked

What are the thread priority levels?

Ans: Thread priority levels are five types

0 - Zero level
1 - Below Normal
2 - Normal
3 - Above Normal
4 - Highest
By Default priority level is 2

What is the difference between .tostring(),

Convert.tostring()?

Ans: The basic difference between them is “Convert” function

handles NULLS while
“.ToString()” does not it will throw a NULL reference exception
error. So as a good coding
practice using “convert” is always safe.

What is Collation?

Ans: Collation refers to a set of rules that determine how the

data is sorted and compared.
What is the difference between Primary key and unique
key?

Ans: Primary key does not allow the null values but unique key
allows one null value.
Primary key will create clustered index on column but unique
key will create non-clustered index by default.

How many web.config files are there in 1 project?

Ans: There might be multiple web.config files for a single

project depending on the hierarchy of folders inside the root
folder of the project, so for each folder we can use one
web.config file

What is the difference between throw and throw ex?

What is the difference between view state and hidden field?

Ans: viewstate is secured hidden field is insecure

Viewstate will store large amount of data but hidden filed will
store small amount of data.

What is the difference between binary serialization and xml

serialization?
What is the Difference between read only and constant
variables?

Ans: Read only can assign the values at runtime only.

Constant will assign the values at compile time only.
We cannot modify the both variable values.

What is static keyword in .Net?

Ans: Static is same as constant variable but we can change the

value of static variable and we can access the variables without
creating any instances

What is the use of business logic layer in 3-tier architecture

in .net?

Ans: Though a web site could talk to the data access layer
directly, it usually goes through another layer called the business
layer. The business layer is vital in that it validates the input
conditions before calling a method from the data layer. This
ensures the data input is correct before proceeding, and can
often ensure that the outputs are correct as well. This validation
of input is called business rules, meaning the rules that the
business layer uses to make “judgments” about the data.
However, business rules don’t only apply to data validation;
these rules apply to any calculations or any other action that
takes place in the business layer. Normally, it’s best to put as
much logic as possible in the business layer, which makes this
logic reusable across applications.

One of the best reasons for reusing logic is that applications that
start off small usually grow in functionality. For instance, a
company begins to develop a web site, and as they realize their
business needs, they later decide to add a smart client
application and windows service to supplement the web site.
The business layer helps move logic to a central layer for
“maximum reusability.”

Check this post introduction to 3-tier Architecture

What happens when I enter a URL in my browser and click

enter?

You type in the URL and hit go. The browser needs to translate
that URL www.somesite.com into an IP address so it knows
what computer on the internet to connect to (That URL is just
there to make it easier for us humans - kinda like speed-dial for
phone numbers I guess). So your browser will see if it already
has the appropriate IP address cached away from previous visits
to the site. If not, it will make a DNS query to your DNS server
(might be your router or your ISP's DNS server) -
see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name… for
more on DNS. Once your browser knows what IP to use, it will
connect to the appropriate webserver and ask for the page. The
webserver then returns the requested page and your browser
renders it to the screen.

The firewall will control connections to & from your computer.

For the most part it will just be controlling who can connect to
your computer and on what ports. For web browsing your
firewall generally won't be doing a whole lot.

Your router (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Router )

essentially guides your request through the network, helping the
packets get from computer to computer and potentially doing
some NAT
(see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_add… ) to
translate IP addresses along the way (so your internat LAN
request can be transitioned onto the wider internet and back).

IP Addresses
(see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address ) are
unique addresses for computers that basically allow computers
to find each other. Think of the IP address as a computer's well
address or phone number, you've got to know someone's phone
number before you can call them and you've got to know a
computer's IP address before you can connect to it. Going back
to the start - that's what those URLS and DNS make possible,
you don't know John Doe's phone number so you look in the
phone book; likewise your computer doesn't know yahoo.com's
IP address so it looks in DNS.