Chapter 1 Number System Book 7

Learning Objectives

After studying this chapter, you will be able to:

 Know about number system in computer

 Know about conversion from number system to another
 Learn about arithmetic operations with binary numbers

Let’s Connect

Introduction

Numbers are essential part of our lives. They help us to count and calculate a lot of
things. In earlier days, when there was no standard number system, people used
varied units for counting and measuring. With the passage of time, different types of
number system got evolved in different parts of the world. At present we have four
different types of number system. We will study about them in this chapter. But let’s
first know, the concept of number system in computer.

NUMBER SYSTEM IN COMPUTER

We often enter the English alphabet (A-Z or a-z), numbers (0-9) and
various symbols (*, +, #, $, %, etc.) in the computer for different
purposes. A computer does not understand these letters, numbers
and symbols in the form they are fed. All these letters, numbers and
symbols have an assigned numeric code. This numeric code varies
from 0-255.
Since, computer is made up of electronic components, it can only
have two states, either ON (1) or OFF (0). The data which is entered

FACT

Aryabhatta was a great Indian mathematician and

astronomer. He gave the concept of zero (0).
into the computer is converted into binary form because a computer
only understands binary language. Binary number system consists
of 0 and 1. A computer further converts the binary results into their
decimal equivalent for output.

There are mainly four types of number systems:

Need of Number System

Whenever you will count anything, you will use numbers such as 1, 2, 3, etc. But a computer
is a machine and it understands only machine language i.e. the language of O's and 1 's. The
computer does not understand human languages and whatever input is given to it is converted
into machine language.
Various number systems came into existence like octal number system and hexadecimal
number system which uses the combination of digits O's and l's to represent different
quantities.
The value of each digit in a number depends on the following:
• Face value of the digit: It represents the digits themselves like 1, 2, 5 and 6 in the number
1256.
• Place value of the digit: It represents the units, tens, hundreds, thousands, etc.
• Base value of the number system: It represents the number of digits used in it. For example,
decimal number system uses 10 digits, so its base is 10.
Binary Number System
All the computers use this number system during their operations.
They convert the decimal input into its binary equivalent and further
convert the binary result into decimal output.
Some of the features of binary number system are:
This number system consists of only two digits i.e., 0 and 1.
Its base is 2.

For example, (101)2, (1101)2, etc.

Decimal Number System
Some of the features of Decimal number system are:
A Decimal number system uses a total of 10 digits, therefore
the base of the Decimal number system is 10. This system uses
digits from 0 to 9. All these numbers can be either used on an
individual basis or can be grouped together to form larger numbers
with greater numeric values.
 The Decimal number system consists of different place values.
The place value, the face value and the base value of a
number decide the numeric value of that number.

For example, 245 or (245)10 can be expanded in the following way:

5 × 100 units = 5
4 × 101 tens = 40
2 × 102 hundreds = 200

Know More

A three-bit binary coding is used in octal

number system. Each digit in an octal numeral
is the same as three digits in a binary numeral.

Octal Number System

Some of the features of octal number system are:
This number system consists of 8 digits i.e. 0 to 7.
Its base is 8.
It can be converted to Decimal number system.

For example, (5010)8, (50345)8, etc.

Here, we observe that the value increases 10 times as we move

from right to left one-by-one.
Hexadecimal Number System
Some of the features of hexadecimal number system are:
This number system consists of 16 digits and letters. It consists
of 10 digits from 1 to 9 and letters from A to F.
Its base is 16 and can be converted into Decimal number
system.

For example, (3E8)16, (186A0)16, etc.

 Let’s Revise

State True or False.

1. Numbers help us to count and calculate a lot of things.

______________
2. There are mainly six types of number systems. ______________
3. Decimal number system uses 10 digits, so its base is 10. ______________
4. Octal number system consists of 16 digits. _________________
5. Hexadecimal number system consists of 10 digits from 1 to
20. ______________

CONVERTING DECIMAL NUMBERS TO BINARY NUMBERS

To convert a decimal number to binary number, follow the given

steps:
1. Use the base of binary numbers (2) to divide the decimal number.
2. After that, write down the remainder and divide the quotient
again with 2.
3. Repeat this step till the quotient is zero.
For example, let us take the decimal number 45. Write the base of
the number just outside the close bracket like this (45) 10. This would
make it easy for you to recognise which number system you are
working upon.
 CONVERTING DECIMAL NUMBERS TO OCTAL NUMBERS
The conversion of a decimal number to octal number is similar to the
conversion of decimal to binary number. The only difference is the
base. In this conversion, we have to divide the decimal number by 8.

Activity

Convert decimal to octal number.

88
56

bers.

CONVERTING DECIMAL NUMBERS TO HEXADECIMAL

NUMBERS
 The conversion of a decimal number to hexadecimal number is
similar to the conversion of decimal number to binary number and
decimal number to octal number. In this number system, we have to
divide the decimal number by 16.

Activity

Convert Decimal to hexadecimal number.

42 55

CONVERTING OTHER NUMBER SYSTEM TO DECIMAL

NUMBERS
To convert other number system to decimal numbers, follow the
given steps:
1. Determine the column (positional) value of each digit (this
depends on the position of the digit from LSB and the base of the
number system).
2. Multiply the obtained column values in Step 1 by the digits in the
corresponding columns.

Add the products calculated in Step 2. The total is the equivalent value
in decimal.
Example 1: Convert binary number to decimal number
(100101)2 = (1×25) + (0×24) + (0×23) + (1×22) + (0×21) + (1×20)
= 32 + 0 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 1
= (37)10

Activity
ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS WITH BINARY NUMBERS
Binary Addition
Arrange the two numbers one under the other. Then, starting from
the far right, add each column, recording the result and possible
carry as well. There are four rules of binary addition.
In the three cases there is no carry. But, in the fourth case, the
binary addition creates the sum of 1+1 i.e. 0 is written in the given
column and 1 carried forward to the next column.
For example, (0011010)2 + (001100)2 = (0100110)2
Binary Subtraction
This is similar to decimal subtraction with the difference that when 1
is subtracted from 0, we will borrow 1 for next higher order bit and
the bit is reduced by 1.
For example, (0011010)2 – (001100)2 = (00001110)2

Binary Multiplication
Multiply each digit of the second binary number with the first binary
number. After multiplying the digits, add the digits in the same
column to get the result.
For example, multiply (100)2 with (111)2
Hence, (100)2*(111)2 = (11100)2
Binary Division
The method of binary division is same as that of decimal division.
For example, divide (110)2 by (10)2
Activity
Hence, (110)2 – (10)2 = (11)2
• Perform the following binary operations in computer:
Addition : 101001 + 11101, 1100 + 1111
Subtraction : 10011 – 11001, 1111 – 1110
Multiplication : 110 × 011, 1101 × 110

Summary

 Numbers are essential part of our lives.

 Computer is made up of electronic components, it can only have two states,

either ON (1) or OFF (0).

 A Decimal number system uses a total of 10 digits, therefore

the base of the Decimal number system is 10.

 Binary number system consists of only two digits i.e., 0 and 1.

Its base is 2.

 Octal number system consists of 8 digits i.e. 0 to 7. Its base is

8.

 Hexadecimal number system consists of 16 digits and letters.

It consists of 10 digits from 1 to 9 and letters from A to F. Its
base is 16.

Test Yourself

A. Multiple choice questions.

1. Which among the following refers to the total number of digits used in a
number system?
(i) Numeral (ii) Base (iii) Place value

2. Which among the following has a base of 16?

(i) Binary number system (ii) Octal number system
(iii) Hexadecimal number system
3. Which among the following decides the numeric value of a number?
(i) Place value (ii) Base value (iii) Both (i) and (ii)
4. Which among the following is used as a base to convert decimal numbers
to octal numbers?
(i) 2 (ii) 16 (iii) 8

B. Fill in the blanks.

• 10 • digits • letters • 8 • 0-255 • 2

1. Numeric code varies from ____________.

2. Decimal number system uses ____________ digits.
3. Binary number system has base ____________.
4. Hexadecimal number system consists of ____________ and
____________.
5. Octal number system has base ____________.
C. State True or False.
1. To convert a decimal number to a binary number we use the base 2.
2. Four types of arithmetic operations are performed with binary numbers.
3. The base of Hexadecimal number system is 10.
4. In binary, multiplication 1 × 1 = 1.
5. The method of binary division is same as that of decimal addition.

D. Match the following columns.

Column A Column B
1. Binary equivalent of (18)10 is: a. 30
2. Decimal equivalent of (1111)2 is: b. 10010
3. Octal equivalent of (24)10 is: c. Hexadecimal number system
4. Hexadecimal equivalent of (102)10 is: d. 15
5. In this base 0-9 and A-F is needed: e. 66

E. Answer the following questions.

1. Convert (38)10 to its binary equivalent.
2. Write some features of Decimal number system.
3. Differentiate between Octal number system and Hexadecimal
number system.
4. Convert (5436)10 to its octal equivalent.
F. Life Skills
1. Neelima has converted a decimal number (80)10 into a binary number. But she is
confused how to write the remainders. Help her in obtaining the binary number in
correct form.
2. Shubham’s computer teacher asked him to convert a binary number (1101)2 into
decimal number. Suggest to him the step-by step way to do the same.
Activity Session

Fun in Searching

Solve the given crossword.

Across

1. Number system having base 2.

2. Number system that uses 8 digits.

Downward

1. Number system that uses 10 digits.

2. Value that represents the number of digits used in a number system.

D
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O C T A L
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B I N A R Y
A L
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Fun in exploring

Explore the name of the pioneers who contributed to the

accomplishment of computer arithmetic.

Fun in the Lab

Visit the lab and by using the internet, search information, about the topic "Computer
Arithmetic". Get the details and write them in the notebook.
Art Integrated Activity

Teacher’s notes
• Practically explain to the students how to find the face value, place value of a number.
• Demonstrate to the students the various number system conversions.