Module: 2
Fundamentals of Networking
Panchanan Nath
Founder & CEO
EncryptoCyberspace
Topics
Theory Practical
What is Network? Designing Network Topologies.
Computer Network & its type.
Routing packets.
Components associated.
Transmission Media. Network Configuration.
Network Topologies.
OSI & TCP/IP models.
Well known Protocols.
IP Addressing.
Networking Devices.
What is Network?
Anything that is connected to
more then two points, can be
called as a network.
Connection between two or
more devices.
What is Computer Network?
Interconnection between two or
more networking devices via
some communication channel
called as transmission media.
Connection between two or
more computer, or any cyber
system.
Types of Computer Network.
Personal Area Network (PAN):
It is the smallest network, which
is personal to any user.
PAN has connectivity range up
to 10 meters.
Example includes wireless
computer keyboard and mouse,
Bluetooth headphones, wireless
printers, and TV remotes etc.
Types of Computer Network.
Local Area Network (LAN):
Used for connecting the systems
of smaller geographical area like
School, College, Office etc.
LAN has connectivity ranges
from 100-1000 meters.
Types of Computer Network.
Metropolitan Area Network
(MAN):
Used for connecting the systems
of any metropolitan area or the
entire city.
MAN has connectivity ranges
from 1-100 Kilometres.
Example- Cable TV.
Types of Computer Network.
Wide Area Network (WAN):
Used for connecting the systems
across provinces and even a whole
country.
MAN has connectivity ranges from
1,00,000 KM or more then that.
Example- Telecommunication
networks.
Types of Computer Network.
Internetwork or Internet:
It is the network of networks,
simply known as the internet.
It has connectivity ranges across
globe.
It follows TCP/IP all other
protocol.
Components associated with Computer
Network.
Following are the four major
components that are associated
with Computer Network-
Computer System.
Communication Channel or Media.
Interconnecting Devices.
Networking Software.
Transmission Media.
Transmission media or channel
is the medium through which
computer communicate with
each other in any computer
network.
Can be either Guided or
Unguided.
Transmission Media.
It can of following three types-
Copper Based:
Coaxial Cable UTP Cable
• Coaxial Cable.
• Twisted Pair (UTP & STP).
Optical Fiber Based:
Single Mode.
Multi Mode.
STP Cable Optical Fiber Cable
Wireless:
Short Range.
Medium Range.
Satellite.
Satellite Communication
Network Topologies
A network topology describes the layout
of the wire and devices as
well as the paths used by data
transmissions.
It is the arrangement with which
computer systems or network devices are
connected to each other.
Topologies may define both physical and
logical aspect of the network.
The network topology defines the way in
which computers, printers, and other
devices are connected.
OSI model
• OSI (Open System Interconnection) was
introduced by ISO (International Organization
for Standardization) in the year of 1984.
• It was a proposal by ISO to describe the
entire functionalities of a Computer Network
in a well-structured way.
• It help us to understand how data/
informations are being transferred from one
computer to another in any computer
network.
• It is a 7 Layered Model. i.e., it divided the
entire network into 7 layers and these layers
are –
TCP/IP Model
This is the updated and widely
accepted Model of networking
with all the protocols & Services
Well known Protocols
TCP:
• Transmission Control Protocol is an internet protocol suite which breaks up the message into TCP
Segments and reassembling them at the receiving side.
IP:
• An Internet Protocol address that is also known as an IP address is a numerical label.
• It is assigned to each device that is connected to a computer network which uses the IP for
communication.
• Combination of IP with a TCP allows developing a virtual connection between a destination and a
source.
Well known Protocols
HTTP:
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol is a foundation of the World Wide Web.
It is used for transferring webpages and other such resources from the HTTP server or web server
to the web client or the HTTP client.
Whenever you use a web browser like Google Chrome or Firefox, you are using a web client.
SMTP:
• SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
• This protocol helps you to send the data to another e-mail address.
Well known Protocols
SNMP:
• SNMP stands for Simple Network Management Protocol.
• It is a framework which is used for managing the devices on the internet by using
the TCP/IP protocol.
DNS:
• DNS stands for Domain Name System.
• An IP address that is used to identify the connection of a host to the internet
uniquely. However, users prefer to use names instead of addresses for that DNS.
Well known Protocols
TELNET:
• TELNET stands for Terminal Network.
• It establishes the connection between the local and remote computer.
• It established connection in such a manner that you can simulate your local
system at the remote system.
FTP:
• FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol.
• It is a mostly used standard protocol for transmitting the files from one machine
to another.
IP Addressing.
Check PDF of IP Addressing.
Networking Devices
Check PDF of Networking Devices
Q&A
Thank You
