Name: Date:
Chemistry 12 Module 1 Assignment
1. Note that there were four parts to the video (the iodine clock reaction, the effect of
the nature of reactants on rate, the effect of a catalyst on rate, and the effect of
temperature on rate). For each part, record observations from the video that
describe how these factors affect reaction rate. (2 marks)
Iodine Clock Reaction: As the concentration of IO3- increased, the time it took for the
solution to turn dark blue (reaction rate) also increases.
Nature of Reactants: Fe2+ reacted much faster than C2O42- because of their nature. Ions, like
Fe2+, that are simple, don’t need bonds to be broken. Therefore, they will react more quicker
than ions, like C2O42-, that need a bond to be broken before they can react. This is because it
will take more energy and time to break the bond so that they can react.
Effect of a Catalyst on Rate: Adding Mn2+, the catalyst, increased the reaction rate of C2O42-
from slow (without catalyst) to fast. With the catalyst being added, the colour of the solution
almost immediately changes to yellow.
Effect of Temperature on Rate: Increasing the temperature of the C 2O42- reaction also
increases the reaction rate, because it took less time for the pink to turn back into colourless
than when the reaction was held at room temperature.
IODINE CLOCK REACTION
2. For the iodine clock reaction, copy down the following chart and fill in the blanks.
Trial [IO3-] Diluted [IO3-] Reaction time (s) Rate (M/s)
1 0.001M 22
2 0.002M 9
3 0.004M 5
4 0.005M 4
5 0.006M 4
6 0.007M 3.7
7 0.008M 3
8 0.009M 2.6
Finding the Diluted [IO3-]: You will need to perform some dilution calculations to find out
the diluted [IO3-]. Assume that the [IO3-] given is the concentration before any mixing occurs.
As you may know, as soon as something is mixed with another solution, the total volume
changes. This results in a new concentration for that particular substance. Note that solution
“A” in the video is IO3- and let’s assume that there is 10mL of this initially. Solution “B”
contains the bisulphate ions, acid and starch and let’s also assume that this is 10mL. Hence,
the total volume is always at 20mL. Include what you have calculated in your data table and
provide a sample calculation for ONE of your dilutions. (1 mark)
Finding the Rate: What is the rate of reaction for each dilution in M of KIO 3/s? Assume that
all the KIO3 is consumed during the reaction. Include this data in your data table as well and
provide a sample calculation for ONE of your dilutions. (note: the video calculated the rate
as 1/s but for my assignment, please calculate the rate as M/s). Use the diluted
concentration for your calculation. (1 mark)
3. Looking at the graph and the data, what did you find the relationship to be between
concentration and rate? (0.5 marks)
As the concentration of the IO3- increases, the rate also increases, meaning the rate
of the reaction depends on the IO3- concentration.
4. List two possible sources of error that may be encountered in this experiment
(0.5 marks)
Possible sources of error could have been stopping the watch too late or too early
resulting in a timing error and inaccurate reaction times. There could have also been
different measures of the volume of IO3- used for each trial.
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NATURE OF REACTANTS ON RATE
5. Notice how Fe2+ reacted much faster than C2O42-. What do you think you can do to
SLOW DOWN the rate of reaction of Fe2+? Please explain in detail how your method
will slow down the reaction rate. No mark will be awarded without a valid explanation
(1 mark)
To slow down the rate of reaction of Fe2+, you could decrease the temperature of the
reaction. This causes the particles in the reaction to have less kinetic energy and will
move slower. This results in less collisions to happen because less collisions with
have the needed amount of energy to be able to successfully collide and react, slowly
down the overall reaction rate.
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EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON RATE
6. Notice how the reaction rate vs [IO3-] graph was pretty much a straight line. From
what you learned in the video and from the course notes, will you expect the reaction
rate vs temperature graph to increase in a straight line as well? Please explain your
answer. (1 mark)
No, because for example, which there is an increase of 10 degrees Celsius in
temperature, the reaction rate will increase by about double. This shows that
reaction rate and temperature will form a curve upward as they both increase. Also,
because particles will move faster and faster when temperature is increases, causing
the rate to increase very fast and not in a steady straight linear line.
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GENERAL QUESTIONS
7. In the following equation, N2(g)+3H2(g)↔ 2NH3(g) what are two ways you can measure
the rate of reaction? (Be specific as possible. ie. what physical quantity are you going
to monitor/measure?) (1 mark)
You can measure the rate of this reaction by measuring the decrease in pressure in a
closed system over time since the gas in being used up. You can also measure the
increase in NH3 concentration formed over time.
8. What are the four factors that can affect reaction rate that we examined in this
video? Explain how EACH of the factors can affect the reaction rate using the
principle of collision theory. (4 marks)
The four factors are the effect of concentration of reactants on the rate, the effect of
the nature of reactants on rate, the effect of a catalyst on rate, and the effect of
temperature on rate. When the reactants are more concentrated, there are more
particles that can react, so there will be more collisions and the reaction speeds up.
The nature of reactants is important because some will react quicker due to having a
simpler structure or weaker bonds, making it easier for them to break to react. A
catalyst also helps lower the activation energy, more particles will have enough
energy to react and collide. Lastly, increasing the temperature will cause part to
move faster, leading to more frequent and successful collisions to happen.
9. Many industries seek ways to speed up reactions. How would the ability to increase
the reaction rate be beneficial for these companies? Also, based on what you have
learned in this module, what do you think are some of the ways companies are
speeding up reactions? (1 mark)
Faster reaction rate means more products made over a certain amount of time,
therefore more products can be sold in a faster time, helping the companies save
time and money by making these products faster and more efficiently. Increasing the
concentration of reactants, raising the temperature the reaction in held in, using
catalyst to lower the activation energy, and choosing reactants with simpler structure
that can react more easily, are ways that companies that take into consideration
when planning to speed up reactions.
10. Consider the following reaction mechanism:
Step 1: 2NO -- N2O2 (fast)
Step 2: N2O2 + H2 -- N2O + H2O (slow)
Step 3: H2 + N2O -- N2 + H2O (fast )
a) Write a balanced net equation for the reaction (0.5)
b) Is there a catalyst for this reaction? Explain (0.5 marks)
c) Are there any intermediates in this reaction? Explain (0.5 marks)
d) Which is the rate determining step. (0.5 marks)
11. Review the “heats of reaction” section (p14) in Hebden and answer the following
question using complete sentences: You may have seen athletes use cooling packs when
they are injured. These are packs containing chemicals when mixed by rubbing or shaking
the pack containing the chemicals becomes cool like ice. Explain this observation using what
you have learned in this module, particularly the section on heats of reaction. Start by
writing out a general formula for this reaction A+B→AB etc. and try to add the heat term
into the equation. Use the vocabulary endothermic or exothermic and positive enthalpy
change or negative enthalpy change in your detailed answer. (2 marks)
A + B + heat -> AB
The reaction is endothermic, so it absorbs the heat from its surrounding. When the
chemicals of the cooling pack are mixed together, the reaction absorbs the heat from your
body so that the pack feels cool. Additionally, the pack warms up overtime from taking in
more heat from your body. Therefore, the enthalpy change is positive since heat in being
taken in.
12. What are some things you can do to slow down the rate of food spoiling? Please explain
your answer using collision theory. (1 mark)
To slow down the rate of food spoiling, you can store the food in an environment with lower
temperatures, like freezing or putting it in the fridge. The collision theory states that
decreasing the temperature will decrease the kinetic energy of the molecules. This would
lead to less collisions because the molecules will not travel as fast and result in not as many
successful collisions.
13. Can a catalyst change an exothermic reaction into an endothermic reaction or vice
versa? Please explain your answer. (1 mark)
No, a catalyst can’t change an exothermic reaction to an endothermic reaction or vice
versa. A catalyst only speeds up the reaction rate by lowering the activation energy, so it
does not affect or change the enthalpy of the reaction.
14. If a catalyst is removed from a reaction at room temperature, will the reaction stop?
Please explain your answer in detail. (1 mark).
No, the reaction will not stop if the catalyst is removed. The reaction will just continue at a
slower. A catalyst only lowers the reaction’s activation energy to speed up the reaction. It is
not needed to start or maintain the reaction.
