Machines, Force and Energy - Quick Notes
Machines
Machine: A tool that makes our work easier and faster. It helps us use less effort.
Simple Machine: Basic machines with few parts. They change the direction or amount of
force to make work easy.
Lever: A rod or bar that rests on a support and helps lift or move heavy things with less
effort (like a seesaw).
Pulley: A wheel with a rope or chain around it. It helps lift heavy objects up by pulling
down.
Inclined Plane: A sloping surface, like a ramp, that helps move heavy objects up or down
without lifting directly.
Wheel and Axle: A round wheel joined to a rod. It helps move or roll things easily (like in
cycles or carts).
Screw: A twisted inclined plane that is used to hold things together or to lift objects.
Wedge: A simple machine with a sharp edge used for cutting, splitting, or tightening (like
knives and axes).
Force
Force: A push or pull on an object. It can make objects move, stop, or change shape.
Muscular Force: The force we use with our muscles, like pushing, pulling, or lifting things.
Frictional Force: The force that happens when two surfaces rub against each other. It
slows down moving things.
Magnetic Force: The push or pull made by a magnet on some metals like iron.
Gravitational Force: The natural pull of the Earth that makes everything fall down when
dropped.
Energy
Energy: The ability or power to do work. Without energy, nothing can move or happen.
Kinetic Energy: The energy of moving objects. A running boy or a moving car has kinetic
energy.
Potential Energy: Stored energy in an object because of its position. A stretched rubber
band or water stored in a dam has potential energy.
Heat Energy: The energy that makes things hot. It comes from fire, the Sun, or rubbing
things.
Light Energy: The energy that helps us see things. The Sun, bulbs, and lamps give us
light energy.
Sound Energy: The energy that produces sound. It helps us hear music, voices, and
noises.
Electrical Energy: The energy from electricity that makes fans, lights, and machines
work.
Solar Energy: The energy we get from the Sun. It is a natural and endless source of
energy.
Wind Energy: The energy we get from moving air. It can be used to make electricity.
