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Rev 3 - Prac Nav

Question 1 Answer
From the following observation, find the direction of the PL = 170.9° - 350.9°
position line and a position through which it passes: ITP Position
Lat 36° 09.4’ N,
Time at ship: 1715 hrs on 25 December 2001 Long 018° 42.3’E
DR position: 36° 10’N, 018° 47’E Int : 3.8’ (Away)
Sext alt of Planet Saturn: 22° 39.’5
I/E = 2.'0 on the arc, HE = 15.0 metres
Chron showed: 3h 55m 13s, error 1m 20s slow of GMT.
Solution
Chron Showed: 3h 55m 13s Or 15h 55m 13s
Error slow : 0h 1m 20s (+) 00h 1m 20s (+)
Chron GMT : 3h 56m 33s 15h 56m 33s, 25 Dec 2001
LIT (E) : 1h 15m 08s (+) 1h 15m 08s (+)
LMT : 05h 11m 41s 17h 11m 41s, 25 Dec 2001
Gha (25/ 15h) :250°48.1’ Decl Saturn (25/ 15h) : 20° 06.5’ N
Incr (56m 33s) : 14° 08.3’ (+) D correc on depends on the declina on trend
V (2.7) : 2.5’ (+) d(0.0)(56m) : 0.0’ -
GHA Saturn : 264° 58.9’ DECL : 20° 06.5’ N
Long (E) : 018° 47.0’ (+)
LHA Saturn : 283° 45.9’
A : 0.17908 S Sext alt : 22° 39.5’
A = Tan Lat / Tan LHA (A is named opposite to Index error (on) : 2.0’ (-)
la tude unless LHA is between 90° and 270°) Obs alt : 22° 37.5’
B : 0.37694 N Dip (15.0m): 6.8’ (-)
B = Tan Decl / Sin LHA (B is named same as App alt : 22° 30.7’
declina on) Total corr: 2.3’ (-)
C : 0.19786 N True alt: 22° 28.4’
Azimuth = N 80.9° E TZD: 67° 31.6’ (90 – True alt)
True Bearing = 080.9° (T) CZD : 67° 27.8’
Tan Azimuth = 1 / C x Cos Lat Cos CZD = (Cos LHA x Cos Lat x Cos Dec) ± (Sin Lat x
Azimuth is expressed in quadrantal nota on Sin Dec)
N or S: same as C Decl Lat Same + / Decl Lat diff -
E or W: Int : 3.8’ (Away)
W if LHA < 180° Remember True Tiny Towards
E if LHA > 180°
PL = 170.9° - 350.9°
Cos 80.9° = D’Lat / 3.8’
PL = 170.9° - 350.9°
D’Lat = 0.6’S
M’lat = 36° 10’ N + (0.6’S/2)
M’lat = 36° 09.7’ N
Sin 80.9° = Dep / 3.8’
Dep = 3.8 W
D’Long = Dep / Cos m’lat
D’Long = 4.7’W ITP Angle:80.9°
D’Lat

ITP Lat = 36° 10’ N + 0.6’S = 36° 09.4’ N,

ITP Long = 018° 47’E + 4.7’W = 018° 42.3’E Dep

ITP PosiƟon
Lat 36° 09.4’ N,
Long 018° 42.3’E
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Question 2 Answer
From the following observation on the meridian, calculate LMT merpass : 01d 12h 00m
the: GMT : 01d 00h 58m
a) GMT and LMT of Meridian Passage. Lat: 23°37.5’ N
b) Observed Latitude. Bearing is South
c) Bearing of the Celestial Body.

Date at ship: 1 September 2001

DR position: 23° 36’N, 165° 30'E
Sext alt of Sun’s UL: 75° 03.’6
HE = 20.0 metres, Index error = 2.’0 off the arc.
LMT merpass : 01d 12h 00m Sext alt : 75° 03.6’
LIT (165° 30' E) : 11h 02m (-) Index error (off) : 2.0’ (+)
(LIT East, GMT Least) Obs alt : 75° 05.6’
GMT : 01d 00h 58m Dip (20.0m): 7.9’ (-)
App alt : 74° 57.7’
Decl Sun (01d 00h) : 008° 20.0’ N Total corr: 16.1’ (-)
d(0.9)(58m) : 0.9’ (-) True alt: 74° 41.6’
DECL : 008° 19.1’ N MZD: 15° 18.4’ (90 – True alt)(MZD=Meridional
Zenith Distance)
DEC : 08° 19.1’ N
Lat: 23°37.5’ N (15° 18.4’ + 08° 19.1’ N)
Bearing is South
PL is 090°(T) - 270°(T)

MZD: 15° 18.4’

Lat: 23° 37.5’ N

Declina on = 08° 19.1’ N

EQ
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Question 3 Answer
From the following data and observation of Polaris, PL = 089.7° - 269.7° (T)
calculate; Obs lat : 47° 52.4’ N
the direction of Position Line, the latitude in which it Compass error = 3.3°W
crosses the DR longitude and the compass deviation and Deviation = 1.7° E
error for the ship's head.
Time at ship: morning twilight, 4 September 2001
DR Longitude: 171° 14’E,
Sext alt of Star Polaris: 48° 40.’0
I/E = 2.’0 off the arc, Height of Eye = 12.0 metres
Chron showed 5h 11m 45s, error 3m 0s slow of GMT.
Magne c compass bearing 003°C, Varia on = 5°W.
Chron Showed: 5h 11m 45s Or 17h 11m 45s
Error slow : 0h 3m 00s (+) 0h 3m 00s (+)
Chron GMT : 5h 14m 45s 17h 14m 45s, 03 Sep 2001
LIT (E) : 11h 24m 56s (+) 11h 24m 56s (+)
LMT : 16h 39m 41s 04h 39m 41s, 4 Sep 2001
Gha Aries (03/ 17h) :237° 53.5’ Sext alt : 48° 40’
Incr (14m 45s) : 03° 41.9’ (+) Index error (off) : 2.0’ (+)
GHA Aries :241° 35.4’ Obs alt : 48° 42.0’
Long (E) : 171° 14’ (+) Dip (12.0m) : 6.1’ (-)
LHA Aries : 052° 49.4’ (Need to minus App alt : 48° 35.9’
360° since LHA is more than 360°) Total corr : 0.9’ (-)
True alt : 48° 35.0’
a0 : 16.5’ (+) (Interpola on)
a1 : 0.6’ (+)
a2 : 0.3’ (+)
: 1° (-)
Obs lat : 47° 52.4’ N
Azimuth = 359.7° True Bearing = 359.7° (T)
True Bearing = 359.7° (T) Compass Bearing = 003.0° (C)
PL = 089.7° - 269.7° (T) Compass error = 3.3°W (Compass Best, error West)
Varia on = 5°W
Deviation = 1.7° E
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Question 4 Answer
Using the following data, calculate the magnetic and gyro Compass error = 5.2° E
compass errors and the magnetic deviation for the Deviation = 0.8° W
direction of the ship's head; Gyro course to steer = 256.8° (G)
Date at ship: 0630 hrs on 29 April 2001
DR position: 20° 12’S, 119° 54’W
The Star Antares bearing: 245°C and 248°G
Chron showed: 2h 29m 48s, error 2m 32s fast of GMT
Variation: 6°E
If the true course is 259°T, calculate the course to steer by
gyro compass.
Chron Showed: 02h 29m 48s Or 14h 29m 48s
Error fast : 0h 02m 32s (-) 0h 02m 10s (+)
Chron GMT : 02h 27m 16s 14h 27m 16s, 29 Apr 2001
LIT (W) : 7h 59m 36s (-) 7h 59m 36s (-)
LMT : 18h 27m 40s 06h 27m 40s, 29 Apr 2001
Gha Aries (29/ 14h) :067° 35.5’ Decl Antares (29/ 14h) : 26° 26.1’ S
Incr (27m 16s) : 06° 50.1’ (+)
GHA Aries :074° 25.6’
Sha Antares : 112° 37.7’ (+)
GHA Antares : 187° 03.6’
Long (W) : 119° 54’ (-)
LHA Antares : 067° 09.3’
A : 0.15500 N True Bearing = 250.2° (T)
A = Tan Lat / Tan LHA (A is named opposite to Compass Bearing = 245° (C)
la tude unless LHA is between 90° and 270°) Compass error = 5.2 E (Compass least, error East)
B : 0.53948 S Varia on = 6° E
B = Tan Decl / Sin LHA (B is named same as DeviaƟon = 0.8° W
declina on)
C : 0.38448 S True Bearing = 250.2° (T)
C = A+B (C is named as A or B, whichever is greater) Gyro Bearing = 248° (G)
Azimuth = S 70.2 W Gyro error = 2.2° L
True Bearing = 250.2° (T)
Tan Azimuth = 1 / C x Cos Lat Course to steer = 259.0° (T)
Azimuth is expressed in quadrantal nota on Gyro course to steer = 256.8° (G)
N or S: same as C
E or W:
W if LHA < 180°
E if LHA > 180°
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Question 5 Answer
A vessel is on a composite great circle route from: Total Distance = 5751.2nm
'X' : 25° 08’N, 121° 41’E to Initial Course = 060.5° T
'Y': 37° 48’N, 122° 27’W Final Course = 094.2° T
Limiting latitude 38° N V1 Position
Lat 38° 00’N
Calculate the Total Distance, Initial and Final courses and Long 174° 46.8’ E
Position of the Vertices. V1 Position
Lat 38° 00’N
Long 129° 19.1’W

NP

64° 52’
52° 52° 52° 12’

V1 V2
X
Y

D’Lat = 37° 48’N- 25° 08’N = 12° 40’ N

D’Long = 122° 27’W - 121° 41’E = 115° 52’E

Triangle XV1NP Sin compl NP = TanNPV1 x Tan compl XNP

V1 Cos NP = Tan 52° / Tan 64° 52’
NP = 53.09595°
D’Long = 53° 05.8’
NPV1 V1X Sin V1X = Cos Compl XNP x Cos Compl NP
52°
Sin V1X = Sin 64° 52’ x Sin 53.09595°
V1X = 46.38021° x 60
Comp Distance = 2782.8 nm
NP X
XNP Sin compl X = Cos NPV1 x Cos Compl NP
64° 52’ Cos X = Cos 52° x Sin 53.09595°
X = 60.50755 ° = N60.5°E
Initial Course = 060.5° T
Triangle YV2NP Sin compl NP = TanV2NP x Tan compl NPY
V2 Cos NP = Tan 52° / Tan 52° 12’
NP = 6.86790°
D’Long = 06° 52.1’
YV2 V2NP Sin YV2 = Cos Compl NPY x Cos Compl NP
52° Sin YV2 = Sin 52° 12’ x Sin 6.86790°
YV2 = 5.42181° x 60
Comp Distance = 325.3 nm
Y NP
NPY Sin compl Y = Cos V2NP x Cos Compl NP
52° 12’ Cos Y = Cos 52° x Sin 6.86790°
Y = 85.778 ° = S85.8° E
Final Course = 094.2° T
Vertices Position Total Distance
V1 Long = 121° 41’E + 53° 05.8’ E = 174° 46.8’ E D’Long between Vertices = 129° 19.1’W - 174° 46.8’ E
V1 Position D’Long = 055° 54.1’
Lat 38° 00’N
Long 174° 46.8’ E Dep = D’Long x Cos Lat
Dep = 055° 54.1’ x Cos 38°N
V2 Long = 122° 27’W + 06° 52.1’ W = 129° 19.1’W Distance = 44.05111 x 60 = 2643.1 nm
V1 Position
Lat 38° 00’N Total Distance = 2782.8 + 325.3 + 2643.1
Long 129° 19.1’W Total Distance = 5751.2nm