MATHEMATICS

GOOGOL-XIII

SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION

CONTENTS

KEY CONCEPT Page–2

PROFICIENCY TEST Page–4
EXERCISE–I Page –7
EXERCISE–II Page –9
EXERCISE–III Page –12
ANSWER KEY Page–17-18

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 KEY CONCEPTS

DEFINITION :
A sequence is a set of terms in a definite order with a rule for obtaining the terms. e.g. 1 , 1/2 , 1/3 , ....... ,
1/n , ........ is a sequence.

AN ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION (AP) :

AP is a sequence whose terms increase or decrease by a fixed number. This fixed number is called the
common difference. If a is the first term & d the common difference, then AP can be written as
a, a + d, a + 2 d, ....... a + (n – 1)d, ........
nth term of this AP tn = a + (n – 1)d, where d = an – an-1.
n n
The sum of the first n terms of the AP is given by ; Sn = [2 a + (n – 1)d] = [a + l].
2 2
where l is the last term.
NOTES :
(i) If each term of an A.P. is increased, decreased, multiplied or divided by the same non zero number,
then the resulting sequence is also an AP.
(ii) Three numbers in AP can be taken as a – d , a , a + d ; four numbers in AP can be taken as a – 3d,
a – d, a + d, a + 3d ; five numbers in AP are a – 2d , a – d , a, a + d, a + 2d & six terms in AP are
a – 5d, a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d, a + 5d etc.
(iii) The common difference can be zero, positive or negative.
(iv) The sum of the two terms of an AP equidistant from the beginning & end is constant and equal to the
sum of first & last terms.
(v) Any term of an AP (except the first) is equal to half the sum of terms which are equidistant from it.
(vi) tr = Sr  Sr1
(vii) If a , b , c are in AP  2 b = a + c.

GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION (GP) :

GP is a sequence of numbers whose first term is non zero & each of the succeeding terms is equal to the
proceeding terms multiplied by a constant . Thus in a GP the ratio of successive terms is constant. This
constant factor is called the COMMON RATIO of the series & is obtained by dividing any term by that which
immediately proceeds it. Therefore a, ar, ar2, ar3, ar4, ...... is a GP with a as the first term & r as common
ratio.
(i) nth term = a rn –1
a(r n  1)
(ii) Sum of the Ist n terms i.e. Sn = , if r  1 .
r 1
(iii) Sum of an infinite GP when r < 1 when n  rn  0 if r < 1 therefore,
a
S = ( | r |  1) .
1 r
(iv) If each term of a GP be multiplied or divided by the same non-zero quantity, the resulting sequence is
also a GP.
(v) Any 3 consecutive terms of a GP can be taken as a/r, a, ar ; any 4 consecutive terms of a GP can
SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION_GOOGOL-XIII

be taken as a/r3, a/r, ar, ar3 & so on.

(vi) If a, b, c are in GP  b2 = ac.
HARMONIC PROGRESSION (HP) :
A sequence is said to HP if the reciprocals of its terms are in AP.
If the sequence a1, a2, a3, .... , an is an HP then 1/a1, 1/a2, .... , 1/an is an AP & converse. Here we do not
have the formula for the sum of the n terms of an HP. For HP whose first term is a & second term is b, the
ab
nth term is tn = .
b  (n  1)(a  b)
2ac a ab
If a, b, c are in HP  b = or = .
ac c bc

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 MEANS

ARITHMETIC MEAN :
If three terms are in AP then the middle term is called the AM between the other two, so if a, b, c are in AP,
b is AM of a & c .
a  a  a  .....  a n
AM for any n positive number a1, a2, ... , an is ; A = 1 2 3 .
n
n - ARITHMETIC MEANS BETWEEN TWO NUMBERS :
If a, b are any two given numbers & a, A1, A2, .... , An, b are in AP then A1, A2, ... An are the n AM’s between
a&b.
ba 2 (b  a ) n (b  a )
A1 = a + , A2 = a + , ...... , An = a +
n1 n1 n1
ba
=a+d, = a + 2 d, ...... , An = a + nd , where d =
n 1

NOTES :
Sum of n AM’s inserted between a & b is equal to n times the single AM between a & b
n
i.e.  Ar = nA where A is the single AM between a & b.
r1

GEOMETRIC MEANS :
If a, b, c are in GP, b is the GM between a & c.
b² = ac, therefore b = a c ; a > 0, c > 0.

n-GEOMETRIC MEANS BETWEEN a, b :

If a, b are two given numbers & a, G1, G2, ..... , Gn, b are in GP. Then
G1, G2, G3 , ...., Gn are n GMs between a & b .
G1 = a(b/a)1/n+1, G2 = a(b/a)2/n+1, ...... , Gn = a(b/a)n/n+1
= ar , = ar² , ...... = arn, where r = (b/a)1/n+1
NOTES :
The product of n GMs between a & b is equal to the nth power of the single GM between a & b
n
i.e.  Gr = (G)n where G is the single GM between a & b.
r 1

HARMONIC MEAN :
If a, b, c are in HP, b is the HM between a & c, then b = 2ac/[a + c].
SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION_GOOGOL-XIII

THEOREM :
If A, G, H are respectively AM, GM, HM between a & b both being unequal & positive then,
(i) G² = AH
(ii) A > G > H (G > 0). Note that A, G, H constitute a GP.

ARITHMETICO-GEOMETRIC SERIES :
A series each term of which is formed by multiplying the corresponding term of an AP & GP is called the
Arithmetico-Geometric Series. e.g. 1 + 3x + 5x 2 + 7x3 + .....
Here 1, 3, 5, .... are in AP & 1, x, x 2, x3 ..... are in GP.
Standart appearance of an Arithmetico-Geometric Series is
Let Sn = a + (a + d) r + (a + 2 d) r² + ..... + [a + (n  1)d] rn1

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 SIGMA NOTATIONS
THEOREMS :
n n n n n
(i)  (ar ± br) =  ar ±  br. (ii)  k ar = k  ar.
r1 r1 r1 r1 r1
n
(iii)  k = nk ; where k is a constant.
r1

RESULTS
n
n (n 1)
(i)  r= 2
(sum of the first n natural nos.)
r1
n
n (n  1) (2n  1)
(ii)  r² = 6
(sum of the squares of the first n natural numbers)
r 1
2
n  n 
n 2 (n  1) 2   r
(iii)  r3 =
4  r  1 
(sum of the cubes of the first n natural numbers)
r 1

METHOD OF DIFFERENCE :
If T1, T2, T3, ...... , Tn are the terms of a sequence then some times the terms T2  T1, T3  T2 , .......
constitute an AP/GP. nth term of the series is determined & the sum to n terms of the sequence can easily
be obtained.

Remember that to find the sum of n terms of a series each term of which is composed of r factors in AP,
the first factors of several terms being in the same AP, we “write down the nth term, affix the next factor at
the end, divide by the number of factors thus increased and by the common difference and add a constant.
Determine the value of the constant by applying the initial conditions”.

PROFICIENCY TEST-01
1. A sequence is given by the formula of its nth term : an = 10 – 3n. prove that an is an arithmetic progression.

2. Let an = n2 + 1 and bn is defined bn = an+1 – an.

Show that {bn} is an arithmetic sequence.

3. Prove that if the numbers logkx, logmx and logn x(x  1) form an arithmetic progression then n2 = (kn)logk m .

4. The sum of three numbers in A.P. is 27 and the sum of their squares is 293. Find the numbers.

5. Find four numbers in A.P. such that their sum is 50 and the greatest of them is 4 times the least.
SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION_GOOGOL-XIII

6. How many terms are identical in the two arithmetic progressions 2, 4, 6, 8, ...... up to 100 terms and 3, 6, 9,
.... up to 80 terms.

7. The interior angles of a polygon are in AP. The smallest angle is 120° & the common difference is 5°. Find the
number of sides of the polygon.

8. Suppose a1, a2, ....... are in A.P. and Sk denotes the sum of the first k terms of this A.P. If Sn/Sm = n4 /m4 for
all m, n,  N, then prove that

am 1 (2m  1)3

an1 (2n  1)3

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 9. In an A.P. of 99 terms, the sum of all the odd numbered terms is 2550. Then find the sum of all the 99 terms
of the A.P.

10. Find the degree of the expression (1 + x) (1 + x6) (1 + x11) ........ (1 + x101).

PROFICIENCY TEST-02
1. Find the sum of all three-digit natural numbers, which are divisible by 7.

2. Find the sum of first 24 terms of the A.P. a1, a2, a3, .......... ,
if it is known that a1 + a5 + a10 + a15 + a20 + a24 = 225.

3. If the arithmetic progression whose common difference is non-zero, the sum of first 3n terms is equal to the
sum of next n terms. Then, find the ratio of the sum of the first 2n terms to the sum of next 2n terms.

4. Insert three arithmetic means between 3 and 19.

5. If eleven A.M.'s are inserted between 28 and 10, then find the number of integral A.M.'s.

6. Prove that the average of the numbers n sin n°, n = 2, 4, 6, ......., 180, is cot 1°.

7. The sum of n terms of two arithmetic series are in the ratio of (7 n + 1) : (4 n + 27) . Find the ratio of their nth
term.

n(n  1)
8. Show that ln (4 × 12 × 36 × 108 × .............. up to n terms) = 2n ln 2 +  n3
2

3n 1
9. If the sum of n terms of a G.P. is 3 – , then find the common ratio.
4 2n

PROFICIENCY TEST-03
1. Fifth term of a G.P. is 2. Find the product of its first nine terms.

2. Three numbers are in G.P. If we double the middle term, we get an A.P. Then find the common ratio of the
G.P.

3. Determine the number of terms in a G.P., if a1 = 3, an = 96 and Sn = 189.

4. Prove that 61/2 × 61/4 × 61/8 .....  = 6.

6
SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION_GOOGOL-XIII

i
5. Find  2.3
i 1

6. Find the sum of n terms of the series 2 + 22 + 222 + .........

7. If x = 1 + a + a2 + a3 + ......  and y = 1 + b + b2 + b3 + ...... , show that

xy
1 + ab + a2b2 + a3b3 + .......  = , where 0 < a < 1 and 0 < b < 1
x  y –1

1 1 1
8. If G be the geometric mean of x and y, then prove that 2 2
 2 2
 .
(G – x ) (G – y ) G2

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 9. Find two numbers whose arithmetic mean is 34 and the geometric mean is 16.

10. If a is the A.M. of b & c, and the two geometric means between b & c are G1 and G2, then
prove that G13 + G23 = 2abc.

PROFICIENCY TEST-04
   1  
  2(n–1)  
1. Let P =   10  then find log0.01 (P).
n 1
 

2. The A.M. between two positive numbers exceeds the G.M. by 5, and the G.M. exceeds the H.M. by 4. Find
the numbers

3. If the sum to infinity of the series

1 1 44
3 + (3 + d) + (3 + 2d) 2 + ........  is , then find d.
4 4 9

4. Find the sum to n terms of the series 1 + (1 + 2) + (1 + 2 + 3) + ...........

5. Evaluate 1 + 5 + 12 + 22 + 35 + ......... (upto 'n' terms)

6. Find the sum of n-terms 1 + 4 + 10 + 22 + .......

7. If a, b, c, d are four positive real numbers such that abcd = 1, prove that
(1 + a) (1 + b) (1 + c) (1 + d)  16

8. If x, y, z be positive numbers, show that (x + y + z)3  27 xyz.

9. If H is the harmonic mean between P and Q, then find the value of H/P + H/Q.

a –2 – d –2
10. If a, b, c and d are in H.P., then find the value of
b – 2 – c –2

1 1 1
11. Find sum of the following series to n terms and to infinity :    .........
1. 4 . 7 4 . 7 .10 7 .10 .13

n
12. Find sum of the following series to n terms :  r (r + 1) (r + 2) (r + 3)
SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION_GOOGOL-XIII

r 1

n 1
13. Find sum of the following series to n terms and to infinity :  2
4r  1
r 1

14. If the 10th term of an HP is 21 and 21st term of the same HP is 10, then find the 210th term.

15. Given that ax = by = cz = du & a , b , c , d are in GP, show that x , y , z , u are in HP.

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 EXERCISE–I
1. In an AP of which ‘a’ is the Ist term, if the sum of the Ist p terms is equal to zero, show that the sum of the
 aq(p  q) 
next q terms is –   .
 p 1 

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2. If the sum 1  + 1   + 1   + ....... + 1 2
 equal to
12 22 2 2 32 32 4 2 (1999) (2000) 2
1
n– where n  N. Find n.
n
3. The AM of two numbers exceeds their GM by 15 & HM by 27. Find the numbers.

4. An AP & an HP have the same first term, the same last term & the same number of terms ; prove that the
product of the rth term from the beginning in one series & the rth term from the end in the other is independent
of r.

35
5. If the sum to infinity of the series 1 + 4x + 7x2 + 10x3 + ...... is then find x.
16

6. Find the nth term and the sum to n terms of the sequence: 1 + 5 + 13 + 29 + 61 + ......


2x x
7. Let f (x) denote the sum of the infinite trigonometric series, f (x) =  sin 3
n1
n
sin
3n
.

Find f (x) (independent of n) also evaluate the sum of the solutions of the equation f (x) = 0 lying in the interval
(0, 629).

8. If the roots of 10x3  cx2  54x  27 = 0 are in harmonic progression, then find c and all the roots.

9. Let a = 1 1 1........1 (55 digits), b = 1 + 10 + 102 + .....+ 104, c = 1 + 105 + 1010 + 1015 +......+ 1050, then
(A) a = b2 + c2 (B) a = bc (C) a = b2c2 (D) None of these

10. If a, b, c, d are in G.P., then (b – c)2 + (c – a)2 + (d – b)2 is equal to

(A) (a – d)2 (B) (ad)2 (C) (a + d)2 (D) a/d)2
1 1 3 5 99
11. If Hn = 1 +  ......  , then the value of Sn = 1 +   .....  is
2 n 2 3 50
SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION_GOOGOL-XIII

(A) H50 + 50 (B) 100 - H50 (C) 49 + H50 (D) H50 + 100

x x2 x4
12. The sum of the series 2
 4
  .......... to infinite terms, if |x| < 1, is
1 x 1 x 1  x8
x 1 1 x
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
1 x 1 x 1 x
13. The sum of n terms of two A.P.'s are in the ratio (3n – 13) : (5n + 21). Find the ratio of their 24th terms.
(A) 2 : 1 (B) 1 : 2 (C) 2 : 3 (D) 3 : 2

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 14. If the third and fourth terms of an arithmetic sequence are increased by 3 and 8 respectively, then the first four
terms form a geometric sequence. Find the sum of the first four terms of A.P.
(A) 55 (B) 45 (C) 44 (D) 54
15. Three positive numbers form a G.P. If the second term is increased by 8, the resulting sequence is an A.P.
In turn, if we increase the last term of this A.P. by 64, we get a G.P. Find the sum of the three numbers.
(A) 50 (B) 52 (C) 54 (D) 45

16. The interior angles of a convex polygon form an arithmetic progression with a common difference of 4°.
Determine the number of sides of the polygon if its largest interior angle is 172°.
(A) 8 (B) 10 (C) 12 (D) 15

359

17. Find the value of the sum  k·cosk

k 0

(A)  (B) 180 (C) – (D) –180

18. Find the sum of the series , 7 + 77 + 777 + ..... to n terms.

7 7 7 7
(A) {10n+1 – 9n – 10} (B) {10n+1 – 9n – 10} (C) {10n + 9n – 10} (D) {10n – 9n – 10}
81 9 9 81

19. If a, b, c, d are distinct integers in an A.P. such that d = a2 + b2 + c2, then find the value of a + b + c + d.
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8

20. The harmonic mean of two numbers is 4. The airthmetic mean A & the geometric mean G satisfy the
relation 2 A + G2 = 27. Then the two numbers are in ratio
(A) 4 : 1 (B) 4 : 2 (C) 4 : 3 (D) 1 : 1

21. If first three terms of the sequence 1/16, a, b, 1/6 are in geometric series and last three terms are in harmonic
n
 1 1
series, then find the value of   a 
bk  , where 'n' represents number of distinct pairs (a, b).

k 1 k

(A) 15 (B) 18 (C) 20 (D) 21

SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION_GOOGOL-XIII

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 EXERCISE–II
1. If 1, log9(31–x + 2), log3(4.3x–1) are in A.P. then x equals [AIEEE- 2002]
(A) log3 4 (B) 1 – log3 4 (C) 1 – log4 3 (D) log4 3

2. The value of 21/4.41/8.81/16 ....  is [AIEEE- 2002]

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3/2 (D) 4

3. Fifth term of a GP is 2, then the product of its 9 terms is [AIEEE- 2002]

(A) 256 (B) 512 (C) 1024 (D) None of these

4. Sum of infinite number of terms of GP is 20 and sum of their squares is 100. The common ratio of GP is
[AIEEE- 2002]
(A) 5 (B) 3/5 (C) 8/5 (D) 1/5

5. 13 – 23 + 33 – 43 + ....... + 93 = [AIEEE- 2002]

(A) 425 (B) –425 (C) 475 (D) –475

6. Let Tr be the rth term of an A.P. whose first term is a and common difference is d. If for some positive integers

1 1
m, n, m  n, Tm = and Tn = , then a – d equals- [AIEEE- 2004]
n m

1 1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 1/mn (D) 
m n

n (n  1)2
7. The sum of the first n terms of the series 12 + 2. 22 + 32 + 2.42 + 52 + 2.62 +..... is when n is even.
2
When n is odd the sum is-
[AIEEE- 2004]
2
3n (n  1) n 2 (n  1) n (n  1)2  n (n  1) 
(A) (B) (C) (D)  
2 2 4  2 

  

8. If x =  an , y =  bn , z = c n
where a, b, c are in A.P. and | a | < 1, | b | < 1, | c | < 1 then
n0 n0 n0
SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION_GOOGOL-XIII

x, y, z are in - [AIEEE- 2005]

(A) GP (B) AP
(C) Arithmetic - Geometric Progression (D) HP

a1  a 2  ...  a p p2 a6
9. Let a1, a2, a3, ..... be terms of an A.P. If a  a  ...  a = 2 , p  q then a equals – [AIEEE- 2006]
1 2 q q 21

7 2 11 41
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 7 41 11

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 10. If a1, a2, ..... an are in H.P., then the expression a1a2 + a2a3 + .... + an –1an is equal to –
[AIEEE- 2006]
(A) (n – 1) (a1 – an) (B) na1an (C) (n – 1) a1an (D) n (a1 – an)

11. In a geometric progression consisting of positive terms, each term equals the sum of the next two terms.
Then the common ratio of this progression equals- [AIEEE- 2007]

1 1 1
(A) (1– 5) (B) 5 (C) 5 (D) ( 5 – 1)
2 2 2

12. The first two terms of a geometric progression add up to 12. The sum of the third and the fourth terms is 48.
If the terms of the geometric progression are alternately positive and negative, then the first term is
(A) –4 (B) –12 (C) 12 (D) 4 [AIEEE- 2008]

13. The sum to infinity of the series

2 6 10 14
1     ....... [AIEEE 2009]
3 32 33 34

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 6

14. A person is to count 4500 currency notes. Let an denote the number of notes he counts in the nth minute. If
a1 = a2 = ... = a10 = 150 and a10, a11,... are in an AP with common difference –2, then the time taken by him
to count all notes is [AIEEE 2010]
(A) 34 minutes (B) 125 minutes (C) 135 minutes (D) 24 minutes

15. A man saves ` 200 in each of the first three months of his service. In each of the subsequent months his
saving increases by ` 40 more than the saving of immediately previous month. His total saving from the start
of service will be ` 11040 after [AIEEE 2011]
(A) 19 months (B) 20 months (C) 21 months (D) 18 months

16. Statement-1 : The sum of the series 1 + (1 + 2 + 4) + (4 + 6 + 9) + (9 + 12 + 16) + ..... + (361 + 380 + 400)
is 8000.

n
Statement-2 :  k 3

– (k – 1)3  n3 , for any natural number n. [AIEEE 2012]
SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION_GOOGOL-XIII

k 1

(A) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true, Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true, Statement-2 is a NOT the correct explanation for Statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false
(D) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true

17. The sum of first 20 terms of the sequence 0.7, 0.77, 0.777, ......., is : [JEE (Mains )2013]

7 7 7 7
(A) (99 + 10–20) (B) (179 – 10–20) (C) (99 – 10–20) (D) (179 + 10–20)
9 81 9 81

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 1 1
18. Let  and  be the roots of equation px2 + qx + r = 0, p  0. If p, q, r are in A.P. and   4 , then the value
 

of | – | is [IIT Main 2014]

2 13 61 2 17 34
(A) (B) (C) (D)
9 9 9 9

19. Three positive numbers form an increasing G.P. If the middle term in this G.P. is doubled, the new numbers
are in A.P. Then the common ratio of the G.P. is : [IIT Main 2014]

(A) 2  3 (B) 2 3 (C) 3  2 (D) 2  3

20. If (10)9 + 2(11)1 (10)8 + 3(11)2 (10)7 + ..... + 10(11)9 = k (10)9, then k is equal to [IIT Main 2014]

121 441
(A) 110 (B) (C) (D) 100
10 100

13 13  23 13  23  33
21. The sum of first 9 terms of the series    ... is : [JEE Mains-2015]
1 1 3 1 3  5

(A) 192 (B) 71 (C) 96 (D) 142

22. If m is the A.M. of two distinct real numbers  and n (, n > 1) and G1, G2 and G3 are three geometric means

between and n, then G14  2G24  G34 equals. [JEE Mains-2015]

(A) 4 2m2n2 (B) 4 2mn (C) 4 m2n (D) 4mn2

23. If the 2nd, 5th and 9th terms of a non-constant A.P. are in G.P., then the common ratio of this G.P., is :
[JEE Mains-2016]

8 4 7
(A) (B) (C) 1 (D)
5 3 4

24. If the sum of the first ten terms of the series [JEE Mains-2016]

2 2 2 2
 3  2  1  4 16
 1  +  2  +  3  + 42 +  4  + .........., is m, then m is equal to :
 5  5   5   5  5

(A) 102 (B) 101 (C) 100 (D) 99

SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION_GOOGOL-XIII

25. If, for a positive integer, n the quadratic equation, [JEE Mains-2017]

x(x + 1) + (x + 1)(x + 2) + .......... + ( x  n – 1) (x + n) = 10n

has two consecutive integral solutions, then n is equal to :
(A) 10 (B) 11 (C) 12 (D) 9

26. For any three positive real numbers a, b and c 9(25a2 + b2) + 25(c2 – 3ac) = 15b(3a + c). Then
[JEE Mains-2017]
(A) a, b and c are in A.P. (B) a, b and c are in G.P.
(C) b, c and a are in G.P. (D) b, c and a are in A.P.

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 27. Let A be the sum of the first 20 terms and B be the sum of the first 40 terms of the series
12 + 2.22 + 32 + 2.42 + 52 + 2.62 + ........
If B – 2A = 100, then  is equal to [JEE Main-2018]
(A) 496 (B) 232 (C) 248 (D) 464

12
28. Let a1, a2, a3, ........a49 be in A.P. such that a
k 0
4k 1  416 and a9 + a43 = 66. If a12  a22  ....  a17
2
 140m ,

then m is equal to [JEE Main-2018]

(A) 33 (B) 66 (C) 68 (D) 34

EXERCISE–III
1.   
(a) The harmonic mean of the roots of the equation 5  2 x2  4  5 x + 8 + 2 5 = 0 is 
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8
(b) Let a1, a2,...., a10, be in A.P. & h1, h2, ....., h10 be in H.P. If a1 = h1 = 2 & a10 = h10 = 3 then a4 h7 is:
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 6
[JEE '99, 2 + 2 out of 200]
2. The sum of an infinite geometric series is 162 and the sum of its first n terms is 160. If the inverse of its
common ratio is an integer, find all possible values of the common ratio, n and the first terms of the series.
[REE '99, 6]
3. (a) Consider an infinite geometric series with first term 'a' and common ratio r . If the sum is 4 and the second
term is 3/4, then :
7 3 3 3 1 1
(A) a = ,r= (B) a = 2, r = (C) a = , r = (D) a = 3, r =
4 7 8 2 2 4
(b) If a, b, c, d are positive real numbers such that a + b + c + d = 2, then M = (a + b) (c + d) satisfies the
relation :
(A) 0  M  1 (B) 1  M  2 (C) 2  M  3 (D) 3  M  4
[JEE 2000, Screening, 1 + 1 out of 35]
(c) The fourth power of the common difference of an arithmetic progression with integer entries added to the
product of any four consecutive terms of it . Prove that the resulting sum is the square of an integer.
[JEE 2000, Mains, 4 out of 100]
4. Given that  ,  are roots of the equation, A x2  4 x + 1 = 0 and ,  the roots of the equation,
B x2  6 x + 1 = 0, find values of A and B, such that , ,  &  are in H.P.
[REE 2000, 5 out of 100]
5. The sum of roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is equal to the sum of squares of their reciprocals. Find
SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION_GOOGOL-XIII

whether bc2, ca2 and ab2 in A.P., G.P. or H.P.? [REE 2001, 3 out of 100]
6. Solve the following equations for x and y
log2x + log4x + log16x + .................... = y
5  9  13  ............  (4y  1)
= 4log4x [REE 2001, 5 out of 100]
1  3  5  ..............  (2y  1)

7. (a) Let  be the roots of x2 – x + p = 0 and  be the roots of x2 – 4x + q = 0. If are in G.P., then the
integral values of p and q respectively, are
(A) –2, –32 (B) –2, 3 (C) –6, 3 (D) –6, –32

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 (b) If the sum of the first 2n terms of the A.P. 2, 5, 8, ........... is equal to the sum of the first n terms of the A.P.
57, 59, 61, ........, then n equals
(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 11 (D) 13
(c) Let the positive numbers a, b, c, d be in A.P. Then abc, abd, acd, bcd are
(A) NOT in A.P./G.P./H.P. (B) in A.P.
(C) in G.P. (D) H.P.
[JEE 2001, Screening, 1 + 1 + 1 out of 35]
(d) Let a1, a2 .......... be positive real numbers in G.P. For each n, let An, Gn, Hn, be respectively, the arithmetic
mean, geometric mean and harmonic mean of a1, a2, a3, ...........an. Find an expression for the G.M. of G1,
G2, .........Gn in terms of A1, A2 .............An, H1, H2, .........Hn.
[JEE 2001 (Mains); 5]

3
8. (a) Suppose a, b, c are in A.P. and a2, b2, c2 are in G.P. If a < b < c and a + b + c = , then the value of a is
2
1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C)  (D) 
2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2
[JEE 2002 (Screening), 3]

(b) Let a, b be positive real numbers. If a , A1 , A2 , b are in A.P. ; a , G1 , G2 , b are in G.P. and a , H1 , H2 , b are
in H.P. , show that
G1G2 A1  A 2 (2a  b)(a  2b)
  [JEE 2002 , Mains , 5 out of 60]
H1H2 H1  H2 9ab

c
9. If a, b, c are in A.P., a2 , b2 , c2 are in H.P. , then prove that either a = b = c or a, b,  form a G.P..
2
[JEE-03, Mains-4 out of 60]

10. The first term of an infinite geometric progression is x and its sum is 5. Then

(A) 0 x  10 (B) 0 < x < 10 (C) –10 < x < 0 (D) x > 10

[JEE 2004 (Screening)]

11. If a, b, c are positive real numbers, then prove that [(1 + a) (1 + b) (1 + c)]7 > 77 a4 b4 c4.
[JEE 2004, 4 out of 60]
12. (a) In the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, if  = b2 – 4ac and  + , 2 + 2, 3 + 3 are in G.P. where , 
are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, then
(A)   0 (B) b = 0 (C) c = 0 (D)  = 0
[JEE 2005 (Screening)]

 n  1  n+1
(b) If total number of runs scored in n matches is   (2 – n – 2) where n > 1, and the runs scored in the
 4 
SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION_GOOGOL-XIII

kth match are given by k·2n+1– k, where 1  k  n. Find n. [JEE 2005 (Mains), 2]

2 3 n
13.
3 3 3 n1  3 
If A n           .......   1   and Bn = 1 – An, then find the minimum natural number n0
4 4 4 4
such that Bn > An.  n > n0. [JEE 2006, 6]

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 Comprehension (3 questions)
14. Let Vr denote the sum of the first 'r' terms of an arithmetic progression (A.P.) whose first term is 'r' and the
common difference is (2r – 1).
Let Tr = Vr + 1 – Vr – 2 and Qr = Tr + 1 – Tr for r = 1, 2, ...

(a) The sum V1 + V2 + ...... + Vn is

1 1
(A) n(n + 1)(3n2 – n + 1) (B) n(n + 1)(3n2 + n + 2)
12 12

1 1
(C) n(2n2 – n + 1) (D) (2n3 – 2n + 3)
2 3

(b) Tr is always
(A) an odd number (B) an even number
(C) a prime number (D) a composite number

(c) Which one of the following is a correct statement?

(A) Q1, Q2, Q3, ....... are in A.P. with common difference 5.
(B) Q1, Q2, Q3, ....... are in A.P. with common difference 6.
(C) Q1, Q2, Q3, ....... are in A.P. with common difference 11.
(D) Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = ....... [JEE 2007, 4 + 4 + 4]

Comprehension (3 questions) [JEE 2007, 4 + 4 + 4]

15. Let A1, G1, H1 denote the arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means, respectively, of two distinct positive
numbers. For n  2, let An – 1 and Hn – 1 have arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means as An, Gn, Hn
respectively.

(a) Which one of the following statements is correct?

(A) G1 > G2 > G3 > ...... (B) G1 < G2 < G3 < ......
(C) G1 = G2 = G3 = ...... (D) G1 < G3 < G5 < ...... and G2 > G4 > G6 > ......
(b) Which one of the following statements is correct?
(A) A1 > A2 > A3 > ...... (B) A1 < A2 < A3 < ......
(C) A1 > A3 > A5 > ...... and A2 < A4 < A6 < ...... (D) A1 < A3 < A5 < ...... and A2 > A4 > A6 > ......

(c) Which one of the following statements is correct?

(A) H1 > H2 > H3 > ...... (B) H1 < H2 < H3 < ......
(C) H1 > H3 > H5 > ...... and H2 < H4 < H6 < ...... (D) H1 < H3 < H5 < ...... and H2 > H4 > H6 > ......

16. (a) A straight line through the vertex P of a triangle PQR intersects the side QR at the point S and the circumcircle
of the triangle PQR at the point T. If S is not the centre of the circumcircle, then

1 1 2 1 1 2
(A) + < (B) + >
PS ST QS  SR PS ST QS  SR

1 1 4 1 1 4
(C) + < (D) + > [JEE 2008, 4]
SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION_GOOGOL-XIII

PS ST QR PS ST QR
ASSERTION & REASON :
(b) Suppose four distinct positive numbers a1, a2, a3, a4 are in G.P. Let b1 = a1, b2 = b1 + a2, b3 = b2 + a3 and
b4 = b3 + a4.
STATEMENT-1 : The numbers b1, b2, b3, b4 are neither in A.P. nor in G.P.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The numbers b1, b2, b3, b4 are in H.P.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True [JEE 2008, 3 (–1)]
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 k 1
17. Let Sk, k = 1, 2 ..... , 100, denote the sum of the infinite geometric series whose first term is and the
k!
100
1 100 2 2
common ratio is
k
. Then he value of
100!
+  | (k
k 1
 3k  1) sk | is [JEE 2010]

18. Let a1, a2, a3, .........., a11 be real numbers satisfying a1 = 15, 27 – 2a2 > 0 and ak = 2ak–1 – ak–2 for k = 3, 4.....,

a12  a22  ....  a11

2 a  a2  ....  a11
11. If = 90, then the value of 1 is equal to [JEE 2010]
11 11

p
19. Let a1, a2, a3, ..., a100 be an arithmetic progression with a1 = 3 and Sp =  a ,1  p  100 . For any integer n
i1
i

Sm
with 1  n  20, let m = 5n. If S does not depend on n, then a2 is [JEE 2011]
n

20. The minimum value of the sum of real numbers a–5, a–4, 3a–3, 1, a8 and a10 with a > 0 is [JEE 2011]

21. Let a1, a2, a3, .......... be in harmonic progression with a1 = 5 and a20 = 25. The least positive integer n for
which an < 0 is : [JEE 2012]
(A) 22 (B) 23 (C) 24 (D) 25

4n k( k 1)
2 k2
22. Let Sn = 
k 1
(–1) . Then Sn can take value(s) [JEE Advance 2013]

(A) 1056 (B) 1088 (C) 1120 (D) 1332

b
23. Let a, b, c be positive integers such that is an integer. If a,b, c are in geometric progression and the
a
a2  a – 14
arithmetic mean of a, b, c is b + 2, then the value of is [JEE Advance 2014]
a 1

24. Suppose that all the terms of an arithmetic progression (A.P.) are natural numbers. If the ratio of the sum of
the first seven terms to the sum of the first eleven terms is 6 : 11 and the seventh term lies in between 130
and 140, then the common difference of this A.P. is [JEE Advance 2015]

25. Let bi > 1 for i = 1, 2, ...... , 101. Suppose logeb1, logeb2, ...... , logeb101 are in Arithmetic Progression (A.P.)
with the common difference loge2. Suppose a1, a2, ...... , a101 are in A.P. such that a1 = b1 and a51 = b51.
If t = b1 + b2 + ...... + b51 and s = a1 + a2 + ...... + a51, then [JEE Advance 2016]
(A) s > t and a101 > b101 (B) s > t and a101 < b101
(C) s < t and a101 > b101 (D) s < t and a101 < b101
SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION_GOOGOL-XIII

26. The sides of a right angled triangle are in arithmetic progression. If the triangle has area 24, then what is the
length of its smallest side? [JEE Advance 2017]

27. Let X be the set consisting of the first 2018 terms of the arithmetic progression 1, 6, 11, ....., and Y be the set
consisting of the first 2018 terms of the arithmetic progression 9, 16, 23, ...... . Then the number elements in
the set X  Y is _____________ . [JEE Advanced 2018]

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 28. Let and be the roots of x2 – x – 1 = 0 with > . For all positive integers n, define

 n – n
an  , n 1,
–

b1 = 1 and bn = an–1 + an + 1, n 2.

Then which of the following options is/are correct? [JEE Advanced 2019]

a 10
(A)  10nn 
89
(B) a1 + a2 + a3 +.....+ an = an + 2 – 1 for all n 1
n 1


n b 8
(C)  n  (D) bn = n + n for all n 1
10
n 1 89

29. Let AP(a ; d) denote the set of all the terms of an infinite arithmetic progression with first term a and common
difference d > 0. If
AP(1 ; 3) AP(2; 5) AP(3; 7) = AP(a; d)
then a + d equals_______. [JEE Advanced 2019]

30. Let a1, a2, a3 .... be a sequence of positive integers in arithmetic progression with common difference 2. Also,
let b1, b2, b3, .... be a sequence of positive integers in geometric progression with common ratio 2.
If a1 = b1 = c, then the number of all possible values of c, for which the equality
2(a1 + a2 +.... + an) = b1 + b2 + .... + bn holds for some positive integer n, is ________.
[JEE Advanced 2020]

31. Let a1, a2, a1, … be an arithmetic progression with a1 = 7 and common difference 8. Let T1 , T2, T3, … be such
that T1 = 3 and Tn + 1 – Tn = an for n  1. Then, which of the following is/are TRUE ? [JEE Advanced 2022]
20 30
(A) T20 = 1604 (B)  T  10510
k 1 k
(C) T30 = 3454 (D)  T  35610
k 1 k

32. For positive integer n, define

16  5n  3n2 32  n  3n2 48  3n  3n 2 25n  7n2

f(x) = n +  +  ....  .
4n  3n2 8n  3n 2 12n  3n 2 7n 2

Then, the value of lim f(x) is equal to : [JEE Advanced 2022]

n

4 3 7 4 7 3
(A) 3 + loge 7 (B) 4  loge   (C) 4  loge   (D) 3  loge 7
3 4 3 3 3 4
SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION_GOOGOL-XIII

33. Let 1, 2, … , 100 be consecutive terms of an arithmetic progression with common difference d1, and let w1,
w2, … , w100 be consecutive terms of another arithmetic progression with common difference d2, where
d1d2 = 10. For each i = 1, 2, … , 100, let Ri be a rectangle with length i, width wi and area Ai.
If A51 – A50 = 1000, then the value of A100 – A90 is ____________. [JEE Advanced 2022]

r 
34. Let 75....57 denote the (r + 2) digit number where the first and the last digits are 7 and the remaining r digits

99 

98 
75....57  m
are 5. Consider the sum S = 77 + 757 + 7557 + ...... + 75....57 . If S  , where m and n are
n
natural numbers less than 3000, then the value of m + n is : [JEE Advanced 2023]

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 ANSWER SHEET
SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION
PROFICIENCY TEST-1
4. 14, 9, 4 or 4, 9, 14 5. 5, 10,15, 20 6. 33
7. 9 9. 5049 10. 1071

PROFICIENCY TEST-2
1. 70336 2. 900 3. 1/5 4. 7, 11, 15
5. 5 7. (14n  6)/(8n + 23) 9. 3/16

PROFICIENCY TEST-3

1. 512 2. 2± 3 3. 6 5. 2184

2 10 
6. (10 n – 1) – n 9. 64 and 4
9  9 

PROFICIENCY TEST-4
n(n  1)(n  2)
1. –1 2. 40, 10 3. 2 4.
6

n3  n2
5. 6. 3.2n – 2n – 3 9. 2 10. 3
2

11. sn = (1/24)  [1/{6(3n + 1) (3n + 4) }] ; s = 1/24 12. (1/5) n (n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3) (n + 4)

13. n/(2n + 1) ; s = 1/2 14. 1

EXERCISE–I
2. n = 2000 3. 120, 30 5. x = 1/5 6. 2n+1  3; 2n+2  4  3n
1
SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION_GOOGOL-XIII

7. f (x) = [1 – cos x]; S = 10100 8. C = 9 ; (3, 3/2 , 3/5)

2
9. B 10. A 11. B
12. A 13. B 14. D 15. B 16. C 17. D
18. A 19. A 20. B 21. B

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 EXERCISE–II
1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. B
8. D 9. C 10. C 11. D 12. B 13. B 14. A
15. C 16. A 17. D 18. A 19. A 20. D 21. C
22. C 23. B 24. B 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. D

EXERCISE–III
 1   1  1   1   1 
1. (a) B (b) D 2. (r, n, a)   ,4,108 ,  ,4,216 ,  ,2,144 ,  ,2,180 ,  ,1,160 
 3  3  9   9   81 

3. (a) D (b) A 4. A=3 ; B=8 5. A.P.

1
2n
6. x = 2 2 and y = 3 7. (a) A, (b) C, (c) D , (d)   A1, A 2 ,............A n  H1, H2 ,............Hn  

8. (a) D 10. B 12. (a) C, (b) n = 7

13. n0 = 5 14. (a) B; (b) D; (c) B 15. (a) C; (b) A; (c) B
16. (a) B, D; (b) C 17. 3 18. 0
19. 9 or 3 20. 8 21. D 22. A, D
23. 4 24. 9 25. B 26. 6
27. 3748 28. A, B, D 29. 157.00
30. 1.00 31. B,C 32. B 33. 18900
34. 1219
SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION_GOOGOL-XIII

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