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Lecture10 SpatialDomainFiltering

The document discusses spatial domain filtering in digital images, focusing on correlation and convolution techniques. It explains the use of masks and kernels for image processing, including border handling methods and different types of smoothing filters. Additionally, it covers linear and nonlinear smoothing filters, highlighting their applications in image averaging and lowpass filtering.

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1 views25 pages

Lecture10 SpatialDomainFiltering

The document discusses spatial domain filtering in digital images, focusing on correlation and convolution techniques. It explains the use of masks and kernels for image processing, including border handling methods and different types of smoothing filters. Additionally, it covers linear and nonlinear smoothing filters, highlighting their applications in image averaging and lowpass filtering.

Uploaded by

syedafatimajaffer3
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LECTURE 10

Spatial Domain Filtering

OUTLINE

• Digital image filtering


• Correlation
• Convolution
Spatial Filtering

w(-1,-1) w(-1,0) w(-1,1)


Mask coefficients
w(0,-1) w(0,0) w(0,1) showing coordinate
arrangement
w(1,-1) w(1,0) w(1,1)
Correlation

a b
g( x, y ) =   ω( s,t ) f ( x + s, y + t )
s =− a t =− b

g =ω f
Correlation
correlation kernel, ω

1 -1 -1
Input Image f
1 2 -1
2 2 2 3
1 1 1
2 1 3 3
Don’t rotate use it directly
2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
Boarder Handling
• Zero Padding

• Reflection

• Repetition

• Wrap-Around
1 -1 -1 Correlation 2 2 2 3
1 2 -1 2 1 3 3
1 1 1 2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
1 -1 -1
1 2 -2
4 2 2 3 5
1 2 1 3 3 output
Image, g
2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
Input Image, f
1 -1 -1 Correlation 2 2 2 3
1 2 -1 2 1 3 3
1 1 1 2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
1 -1 -1
2 2 -2
4 2 3 5 10
2 1 3 3 output
Image, g
2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
Input Image, f
1 -1 -1 Correlation 2 2 2 3
1 2 -1 2 1 3 3
1 1 1 2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
1 -1 -1
2 2 2 -3
4 3 5 10 10
2 1 3 3 output
Image, g
2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
Input Image, f
1 -1 -1 Correlation 2 2 2 3
1 2 -1 2 1 3 3
1 1 1 2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
1 -1 -1
2 2 2 3
6 -1 5 10 10 15
2 1 3 3 1 output
Image, g
2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
Input Image, f
1 -1 -1 Correlation 2 2 2 3
1 2 -1 2 1 3 3
1 1 1 2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2

1 -2
2 -2
2 2 3 5 10 10 15
1 4
2 -1
1 3 3 3 output
Image, g
1 2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
Input Image, f
1 -1 -1 Correlation 2 2 2 3
1 2 -1 2 1 3 3
1 1 1 2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2

2 -2
2 -2
2 3 5 10 10 15
2 2
1 -3
3 3 3 4 output
Image, g
2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2

Input Image, f
Correlation Convolution
5 10 10 15 5 4 4 -2
3 4 6 11 9 6 14 5
7 11 4 9 11 7 6 5
-5 4 4 5 9 12 8 5

Final output Image, g


Convolution
5 4 4 -2
9 6 14 5
11 7 6 5
9 12 8 5
Final output Image, g
Convolution

a b
g( x, y ) =   ω( s,t ) f ( x − s, y − t )
s =− a t =− b

g = ω f
Convolution
Convolution kernel, ω Input Image, f

1 -1 -1 2 2 2 3
1 2 -1 2 1 3 3
1 1 1 2 2 1 2
Rotate 180o 1 3 2 2
1 1 1
-1 2 1
-1 -1 1
1 1 1 Convolution 2 2 2 3
-1 2 1 2 1 3 3
-1 -1 1 2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
1 1 1
2
-1 4 2 2 3 5
Output
2 1
-1 -2 3 3 Image, g
2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
Input Image, f
1 1 1 Convolution 2 2 2 3
-1 2 1 2 1 3 3
-1 -1 1 2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
1 1 1
2 4
-2 2 2 3 5 4
Output
2 -1
-2 1 3 3 Image, g
2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
Input Image, f
1 1 1 Convolution 2 2 2 3
-1 2 1 2 1 3 3
-1 -1 1 2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
1 1 1
2 -2
2 4
2 3 5 4 4
Output
2 -1
1 -3
3 3 Image, g
2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
Input Image, f
1 1 1 Convolution 2 2 2 3
-1 2 1 2 1 3 3
-1 -1 1 2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
1 1 1
2 2 2 3
-2 6 1 5 4 4 -2
Output
2 1 3 -3
-3 3 1 Image, g
2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
Input Image, f
1 1 1 Convolution 2 2 2 3
-1 2 1 2 1 3 3
-1 -1 1 2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2

1 2 2 2 3 5 4 4 -2
Output
-1 4
2 1 3 3 9 Image, g
-1 -2
2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
Input Image, f
1 1 1 Convolution 2 2 2 3
-1 2 1 2 1 3 3
-1 -1 1 2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2

2 2 2 3 5 4 4 -2
Output
-2
2 2
1 3 3 9 6 Image, g

2 -2
-2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
Input Image, f
Smoothing Spatial Filters

Types of Smoothing Filters : linear and nonlinear

Smoothing Linear Filters :


known as averaging
filter or lowpass filters.
Smoothing Linear Filters

Box filter Weighted


average filter
Smoothing Linear Filters
Original 3x3

5x5 9x9

15x15 35x35
Smoothing Linear Filters

original blurred thresholded

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