Gholamreza Anbarjafari, PhD

Video Lecturers on Digital Image Processing

Digital Image
Processing
Spatial Domain Filtering: Part I
 Gholamreza Anbarjafari, PhD
Video Lecturers on Digital Image Processing

Spatial Filtering

w(-1,-1) w(-1,0) w(-1,1)

Mask coefficients showing
w(0,-1) w(0,0) w(0,1)
coordinate arrangement
w(1,-1) w(1,0) w(1,1)
 Gholamreza Anbarjafari, PhD
Video Lecturers on Digital Image Processing

Convolution

a b
g( x, y )    ω( s,t ) f ( x  s, y  t )
s  a t  b

g  ω f
 Gholamreza Anbarjafari, PhD
Video Lecturers on Digital Image Processing

Convolution
Convolution kernel, ω Input Image, f

1 -1 -1 2 2 2 3
1 2 -1 2 1 3 3
1 1 1 2 2 1 2
Rotate 180o 1 3 2 2
1 1 1
-1 2 1
-1 -1 1
 Gholamreza Anbarjafari, PhD
Video Lecturers on Digital Image Processing

1 1 1 Convolution 2 2 2 3
-1 2 1 2 1 3 3
-1 -1 1 2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
1 1 1
2
-1 4 2 2 3 5
Output
2 1
-1 -2 3 3 Image, g
2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
Input Image, f
 Gholamreza Anbarjafari, PhD
Video Lecturers on Digital Image Processing

1 1 1 Convolution 2 2 2 3
-1 2 1 2 1 3 3
-1 -1 1 2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
1 1 1
2 4
-2 2 2 3 5 4
Output
2 -1
-2 1 3 3 Image, g
2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
Input Image, f
 Gholamreza Anbarjafari, PhD
Video Lecturers on Digital Image Processing

1 1 1 Convolution 2 2 2 3
-1 2 1 2 1 3 3
-1 -1 1 2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
1 1 1
2 -2
2 4
2 3 5 4 4
Output
2 -1
1 -3
3 3 Image, g
2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
Input Image, f
 Gholamreza Anbarjafari, PhD
Video Lecturers on Digital Image Processing

1 1 1 Convolution 2 2 2 3
-1 2 1 2 1 3 3
-1 -1 1 2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
1 1 1
2 2 2 3
-2 6 1 5 4 4 -2
Output
2 1 3 -3
-3 3 1 Image, g
2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
Input Image, f
 Gholamreza Anbarjafari, PhD
Video Lecturers on Digital Image Processing

1 1 1 Convolution 2 2 2 3
-1 2 1 2 1 3 3
-1 -1 1 2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2

1 2 2 2 3 5 4 4 -2
Output
-1 4
2 1 3 3 9 Image, g
-1 -2
2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
Input Image, f
 Gholamreza Anbarjafari, PhD
Video Lecturers on Digital Image Processing

1 1 1 Convolution 2 2 2 3
-1 2 1 2 1 3 3
-1 -1 1 2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2

2 2 2 3 5 4 4 -2
Output
-2
2 2
1 3 3 9 6 Image, g

2 -2
-2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
Input Image, f
 Gholamreza Anbarjafari, PhD
Video Lecturers on Digital Image Processing

Convolution
5 4 4 -2
9 6 14 5
11 7 6 5
9 12 8 5
Final output Image, g
 Gholamreza Anbarjafari, PhD
Video Lecturers on Digital Image Processing

Correlation

a b
g( x, y )    ω( s,t ) f ( x  s, y  t )
s  a t  b

g  ω f
 Gholamreza Anbarjafari, PhD
Video Lecturers on Digital Image Processing

Correlation
correlation kernel, ω

1 -1 -1
Input Image f
1 2 -1
2 2 2 3
1 1 1
2 1 3 3
Don’t rotate use it directly
2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
 Gholamreza Anbarjafari, PhD
Video Lecturers on Digital Image Processing

1 -1 -1 Correlation 2 2 2 3
1 2 -1 2 1 3 3
1 1 1 2 2 1 2

1 -1 -1 1 3 2 2

1 2 -2
4 2 2 3 5
1 2 1 3 3 output
Image, g
2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
Input Image, f
 Gholamreza Anbarjafari, PhD
Video Lecturers on Digital Image Processing

1 -1 -1 Correlation 2 2 2 3
1 2 -1 2 1 3 3
1 1 1 2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
1 -1 -1
2 2 -2
4 2 3 5 10
2 1 3 3 output
Image, g
2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
Input Image, f
 Gholamreza Anbarjafari, PhD
Video Lecturers on Digital Image Processing

1 -1 -1 Correlation 2 2 2 3
1 2 -1 2 1 3 3
1 1 1 2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
1 -1 -1
2 2 2 -3
4 3 5 10 10
2 1 3 3 output
Image, g
2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
Input Image, f
 Gholamreza Anbarjafari, PhD
Video Lecturers on Digital Image Processing

1 -1 -1 Correlation 2 2 2 3
1 2 -1 2 1 3 3
1 1 1 2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
1 -1 -1
2 2 2 3
6 -1 5 10 10 15
2 1 3 3 1 output
Image, g
2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
Input Image, f
 Gholamreza Anbarjafari, PhD
Video Lecturers on Digital Image Processing

1 -1 -1 Correlation 2 2 2 3
1 2 -1 2 1 3 3
1 1 1 2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2

1 -2
2 -2
2 2 3 5 10 10 15
1 4
2 -1
1 3 3 3 output
Image, g
1 2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2
Input Image, f
 Gholamreza Anbarjafari, PhD
Video Lecturers on Digital Image Processing

1 -1 -1 Correlation 2 2 2 3
1 2 -1 2 1 3 3
1 1 1 2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2

2 -2
2 -2
2 3 5 10 10 15
2 1 -3
2 3 3 3 4 output
Image, g
2 2 1 2
1 3 2 2

Input Image, f
 Gholamreza Anbarjafari, PhD
Video Lecturers on Digital Image Processing

Correlation

5 10 10 15
3 4 6 11
7 11 4 9
-5 4 4 5
Final output Image, g
 Gholamreza Anbarjafari, PhD
Video Lecturers on Digital Image Processing

Linear Spatial Filtering

R   (1, 1) f ( x  1, y  1)   (1, 0) f ( x  1, y )  ...

  (0, 0) f ( x, y )  ...   (1, 0) f ( x  1, y )   (1,1) f ( x  1, y  1)
 Gholamreza Anbarjafari, PhD
Video Lecturers on Digital Image Processing

Smoothing Spatial Filters

Types of Smoothing Filters : linear and nonlinear

Smoothing Linear Filters : known as averaging filter or lowpass

filters.
 Gholamreza Anbarjafari, PhD
Video Lecturers on Digital Image Processing

Smoothing Linear Filters

Box filter Weighted average

filter
 Gholamreza Anbarjafari, PhD
Video Lecturers on Digital Image Processing

Smoothing Linear Filters

Original 3x3

5x5 9x9

15x15 35x35

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Gholamreza Anbarjafari, PhD
Video Lecturers on Digital Image Processing

Smoothing Linear Filters

original blurred thresholded

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

 Gholamreza Anbarjafari, PhD
Video Lecturers on Digital Image Processing

Summary
•We have looked at:
– What are spatial domain operations.
– What are convolution and correlation.
– What is smoothing linear filter

•Next time we will continue our talk

about image enhancement in spatial
domain by focusing on statistical
terminology