Unit IV: Inverse Laplace Transforms

2020

NOTES
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DEFINITION : If 𝐿{𝑓(𝑡)} = 𝐹(𝑠) then 𝑓(𝑡) is known as the Inverse Laplace Transform or
Inverse Transform or simply Inverse of 𝐹(𝑠) and is denoted by, 𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)}.
❖ Therefore, 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)}. Here 𝐿−1 is known as the Inverse Laplace Transform
operator and it satisfies 𝐿𝐿−1 = 𝐿−1 𝐿 = 1.
❖ Note that the Inverse Laplace Transform of 𝐹(𝑠) need not exist for all 𝐹(𝑠).
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Sl No. 𝑭(𝑺) 𝒇(𝒕) Example

1. 𝒂 a 𝟓
𝑳−𝟏 [ ] 𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝒔 ]=5
𝒔

2. −𝟏
𝟏 𝒕𝒏−𝟏 𝟏 𝒕𝟑
𝑳 [ 𝒏] , if n is a positive 𝑳−𝟏 [ 𝟒 ] =
(𝒏−𝟏)!
𝒔 𝒔 𝟑!
integer

𝟏 𝒕𝟓/𝟐
𝑳−𝟏 [ ] =
𝒔𝟕/𝟐 ℾ(𝟕/𝟐)
𝒕𝒏−𝟏
ℾ(𝒏)

3. 𝟏 𝒆𝒂𝒕 𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [ ] 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = 𝒆𝟖𝒕
𝒔−𝒂 𝒔−𝟖

4. 𝟏 𝒆−𝒂𝒕 𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [𝒔+𝟏]=𝒆−𝒕
𝑳−𝟏 [ ]
𝒔+𝒂

6. 𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒂𝒕 𝒔
𝑳−𝟏 [ ] 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟓𝒕
𝒔𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐𝟓

7. 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [ ] 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒂𝒕 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟒𝒕
𝒔𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 𝒂 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔 𝟒
 Unit IV: Inverse Laplace Transforms
2020

8. 𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒔
𝑳−𝟏 [ ] 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝟔𝒕
𝒔𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 𝒔𝟐 − 𝟑𝟔

9. 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 [ ] 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 𝒂𝒕 𝑳−𝟏 [ ] = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒉𝟑𝒕
𝒔𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 𝒂 𝒔𝟐 −𝟗 𝟑

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Properties of Inverse Laplace Transforms :

1. Linearity Property : Let 𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝐹(𝑠) and 𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝐹(𝑠) and let 𝑐_{1} and 𝑐2 be any
two arbitrary constants. Then,
𝐿−1 [𝑐1 𝐹(𝑠) + 𝑐2 𝐺(𝑠)] = 𝑐1 𝐿−1 [𝐹(𝑠)] + 𝑐2 𝐿−1 [𝐺(𝑠)] = 𝑐1 𝐿−1 𝑓(𝑡) + 𝑐2 𝐿−1 𝑔(𝑡)
5𝑠−4
Example : Find the inverse Laplace Transforms of 𝑠2 +4

Solution : Using Linearity Property,

5𝑠 − 4 𝑠 1
𝐿−1 [ 2
] = 5𝐿−1 [ 2 ] − 4𝐿−1 [ 2 ]
𝑠 +4 𝑠 +4 𝑠 +4
1
= 5𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 − 4 (2) 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡

= 𝟓𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕 − 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. First Shift Property : If 𝐿−1 [𝐹(𝑠)] = 𝑓(𝑡) then,
𝐿−1 [𝐹(𝑠 − 𝑎)] = 𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝐿−1 [𝐹(𝑠)] = 𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)
2𝑠+3
Example : Find the inverse Laplace Transforms of 𝑠2 +2𝑠+2
2𝑠+3 2𝑠+3
Solution : 𝐿−1 [𝑠2 +2𝑠+2] = 𝐿−1 [(𝑠+1)2 +1]

2(𝑠+1)+1
= 𝐿−1 [(𝑠+1)2 +1]

𝑠+1 1
= 2𝐿−1 [(𝑠+1)2 +1] + 𝐿−1 [(𝑠+1)2 +1]

𝑠 1
= 2𝑒 −𝑡 𝐿−1 [𝑠2 +1] + 𝑒 −𝑡 𝐿−1 [𝑠2 +1]

=
𝟐𝒆−𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 + 𝒆−𝒕 sint
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 Unit IV: Inverse Laplace Transforms
2020

3. Change of Scale Property : If 𝐿−1 [𝐹(𝑠)] = 𝑓(𝑡) then,

1 𝑡
𝐿−1 [𝐹(𝑘𝑠)] = 𝑓( )
𝑘 𝑘
𝑠2 −1
Example : If 𝐿−1 {(𝑠2 +1)2 } = 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡

9𝑠2 −1
find 𝐿−1 {(9𝑠2 +1)2 }

𝑠2 −1
Solution : Let 𝐹(𝑠) = (𝑠2 +1)2 .

𝑠2 −1
Then, 𝐿−1 [𝐹(𝑠)] = 𝐿−1 [(𝑠2 +1)2 ] = 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 𝑓(𝑡).

(3𝑠)2 −1 1 𝑡 𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
Therefore, 𝐿−1 [𝐹(3𝑠)] = 𝐿−1 [[(3𝑠)2+1]2 ] = 3 . 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠
9 3

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4. Inverse Laplace Transforms – Method of Partial Fractions
𝐏(𝐬)
Sometimes the given 𝐅(𝐬) = 𝐐(𝐬) where 𝐏(𝐬) and 𝐐(𝐬) are polynomials in 𝐬 can be
expressed as partial fractions for obtaining the Inverse Laplace Transform
Pre – Requisite :

Sl No. Factors in the denominator Corresponding Partial Fractions

1. Non- repeated linear factors 𝐀 𝐁

𝐬 𝐅(𝐬) = + , 𝐀≠𝟎&𝐁≠𝟎
𝐅(𝐬) = (𝐬+𝟐)(𝟑𝐬+𝟓) 𝐬 + 𝟐 𝟑𝐬 + 𝟓

2. Repeated linear factor 𝐀 𝐁 𝐂

𝐅(𝐬) = + + ,
𝐬 + 𝟏 (𝐬 + 𝟏)𝟐 (𝐬 + 𝟏)𝟑
𝟐𝐬 + 𝟓
𝐅(𝐬) =
(𝐬 + 𝟏)𝟑 𝐀≠𝟎, 𝐁≠𝟎&𝐂≠𝟎

3. Non – repeated quadratic factor 𝐀𝐬 + 𝐁 𝐂𝐬 + 𝐃

𝐅(𝐬) = + 𝟐
𝟐𝐬 + 𝟏 (𝐬𝟐 + 𝟐𝐬 + 𝟐) (𝐬 + 𝟐𝐬 + 𝟓)
𝐅(𝐬) =
(𝐬𝟐 + 𝟐𝐬 + 𝟐)(𝐬𝟐 + 𝟐𝐬 + 𝟓)
 Unit IV: Inverse Laplace Transforms
2020

4. Repeated quadratic factor 𝐀𝐬 + 𝐁 𝐂𝐬 + 𝐃

𝐅(𝐬) = + 𝟐
𝟐𝐬 + 𝟏 (𝐬𝟐 + 𝟐𝐬 + 𝟓) (𝐬 + 𝟐𝐬 + 𝟓)𝟐
𝐅(𝐬) =
(𝐬𝟐 + 𝟐𝐬 + 𝟓)𝟐

𝒔−𝟐
Example : Obtain the Inverse Laplace Transforms of 𝒔𝟐 +𝟓𝒔+𝟔
𝒔−𝟐 𝒔−𝟐 𝑨 𝑩
Solution : Consider, 𝒔𝟐 +𝟓𝒔+𝟔 = (𝒔+𝟐)(𝒔+𝟑) = 𝒔+𝟐 + 𝒔+𝟑

Here , 𝑨 = −𝟒 , 𝑩 = 𝟓
𝒔−𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
Therefore, 𝑳−𝟏 [𝒔𝟐 +𝟓𝒔+𝟔] = −𝟒𝑳−𝟏 [𝒔+𝟐] + 𝟓𝑳−𝟏 [𝒔+𝟑] = −4𝑒 −2𝑡 + 5𝑒 −3𝑡
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4. Inverse Laplace Transform of Derivatives : If 𝐿−1 [𝐹(𝑠)] = 𝑓(𝑡) then,

𝐿−1 [𝐹 (𝑛) (𝑠)] = (−1)𝑛 𝑡 𝑛 𝑓(𝑡), 𝑛 = 1,2,3. . . . . . . ..

𝑠
Example : Find the inverse Laplace Transforms of (𝑠2+𝑎2 )2
1
Solution :Let F(s) = .
𝑠2 +𝑎2

1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡
Then, 𝐿−1 [F(s)] = 𝐿−1 [𝑠2 +𝑎2 ] = = 𝑓(𝑡) .
𝑎

𝑑 1 −2𝑠
and F ′ (s) = 𝑑𝑠 {𝑠2 +𝑎2 } = (𝑠2 +𝑎2)2

−2𝑠
Taking inverse, 𝐿−1 [(𝑠2+𝑎2)2 ] = 𝐿−1 [𝐹′(𝑠)] = (−1)1 𝑡𝑓(𝑡)

𝑠
Therefore, 𝐿−1 [(𝑠2+𝑎2)2 ] = 𝑡𝑓(𝑡) 𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕
=
𝟐𝒂

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5. Inverse Laplace Transform of Integrals : If 𝐿−1 [𝐹(𝑠)] = 𝑓(𝑡) then,
∞
−1
𝑓(𝑡)
𝐿 [∫ 𝐹(𝑠)𝑑𝑠] =
𝑠 𝑡

Example : Obtain the inverse Laplace Transforms of

∞
1 1
𝐿−1 [∫ ( − ) 𝑑s ]
𝑠 𝑠+1
𝑠
 Unit IV: Inverse Laplace Transforms
2020

1 1
Solution : Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 𝑠 − 𝑠+1

∞ 1 1 𝐿−1 [ −
1 1
] 1 − 𝑒 −𝑡
Then 𝐿−1 [∫𝑠 ( 𝑠 − 𝑠+1) 𝑑s ] = 𝑠 𝑠+1
=
𝑡 𝑡
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6. Inverse Laplace Transform when ′𝑭(𝒔)′ is multipled by ′𝒔′ : If 𝐿−1 [𝐹(𝑠)] = 𝑓(𝑡) and
𝑑𝑓(𝑡)
𝑓(0) = 0 then, 𝐿−1 [𝑠𝐹(𝑠)] = 𝑡
8𝑠
Example :Obtain the inverse Laplace Transform of 𝑠2 +9
8
Solution : Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 𝑠2 +9.
8 1 8
Then 𝐿−1 [𝐹(𝑠)] = 𝐿−1 [𝑠2 +9] = 8𝐿−1 [𝑠2 +9] = 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 = 𝑓(𝑡)

Therefore,
8𝑠 𝑑𝑓(𝑡) 𝑑 8
𝐿−1 [𝑠𝐹(𝑠)] = 𝐿−1 [𝑠2 +9] = = 𝑑𝑡 {3 3𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡} =8 cos 3t
𝑑𝑡

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7. Inverse Laplace Transform when ′𝑭(𝒔)′ is divided by powers of ′𝒔′ : If 𝐿−1 [𝐹(𝑠)] =
𝑓(𝑡) then,
𝑡
−1
𝐹(𝑠)
𝐿 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑠 0

𝐹(𝑠) 𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
Note : 𝐿−1 = ∫0 ∫0 … … … ∫0 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 𝑛
𝑠𝑛
1
Example : Find the inverse Laplace transform of 𝑠(𝑠+4)

1
Solution : Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 𝑠+4.
1
Then 𝐿−1 [𝐹(𝑠)] = 𝐿−1 [𝑠+4] = 𝑒 −4𝑡 = 𝑓(𝑡).
𝑡
1 𝑡 𝑒 −4𝑡 1−𝑒 −4𝑡
Therefore, 𝐿−1 [𝑠(𝑠+4)] = ∫0 𝑒 −4𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = [ −4 ] =
0 4

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8. Second Shifting theorem : If 𝐿−1 [𝐹(𝑠)] = 𝑓(𝑡) then,
𝐿−1 [𝑒 −𝑎𝑠 𝐹(𝑠)] = 𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑎)𝑢(𝑡 − 𝑎)
𝑒 −3𝑠
Example : Find the inverse Laplace Transform of 𝑠2 +4
1
Solution : Let F(s)= 𝑠2 +4
 Unit IV: Inverse Laplace Transforms
2020

1
𝐿−1 [F(s) ] = sin 2𝑡 = 𝑓(𝑡)
2

−1
𝑒 −3𝑠
𝐿 [ 2 ] = f(t − 3) u(t − 3)
𝑠 +4
1
= 2 sin 2(𝑡 − 3)u(t − 3)

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Convolution
Definition : The convolution of two functions 𝑓(𝑡) and 𝑔(𝑡) is dentoed by (𝑓 ∗ 𝑔)(𝑡) and is
defined as
𝑡
(𝑓 ∗ 𝑔)(𝑡) = ∫ 𝑓(𝑢)𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
0

is called as the convolution or faltung of ′𝑓′ and ′𝑔′ and is regarded as a generalized product
of these functions.
Convolution theorem : If 𝐿−1 [𝐹(𝑠)] = 𝑓(𝑡) and 𝐿−1 [𝐺(𝑠)] = 𝑔(𝑡) 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛,
𝐿−1 [𝐹(𝑠). 𝐺(𝑠)] = 𝑓(𝑡) ∗ 𝑔(𝑡)
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Application of Laplace Transform to Differential Equations with constant co-efficients

The Laplace Transforms are used to solve differential equations since it yields the particular
solutions without the necessity of first finding the general solution and then evaluating the
arbitrary constants.
Working Procedure :
Step 1. Take Laplace Transforms on both sides of the given Differential equation.
Step 2. Solve the algebraic equation to get y in terms of s.
Step 3. Resolve the function of s into partial fractions.
Step 4. Take the inverse Laplace transform on both sides to obtain the desired
solution satisfying the given conditions.
Note : Instead of Step 3 , convolution theorem can be used.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Problems :
Obtain the inverse Laplace transform of the following :
 Unit IV: Inverse Laplace Transforms
2020

3𝑠−12
1. 𝑠2 +8

Solution:
3𝑠−12 3𝑠 12
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = = 𝑠2 +8 − 𝑠2 +8
𝑠2 +8

𝑠 1
⇒ 𝐹(𝑠) = 3𝐿−1 (𝑠2 +8) − 12𝐿−1 (𝑠2 +8)

𝑠 1
⇒ 𝐹(𝑠) = 3𝐿−1 ( 2 ) − 12𝐿−1 ( 2 )
𝑠2 +(2√2) 𝑠2 +(2√2)

⇒ 𝐹(𝑠) = 3𝑐𝑜𝑠2√2𝑡 − 3√2𝑠𝑖𝑛2√2𝑡.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2
√𝑠−1
2. ( )
𝑠

Solution:
2
√𝑠−1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = ( 𝑠 )

𝑠+1−2√𝑠
⇒ 𝐹(𝑠) = ( )
𝑠2

1 1 2 1 𝑡𝑛
⇒ 𝐹(𝑠) = ( + 2
− 3 ) , 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒𝐿−1 ( 𝑛+1
)=
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 Γ(𝑛+1)
𝑠2

2√𝑡 √𝑡
⇒ 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 (𝐹(𝑠)) = 1 + 𝑡 − 2 ( ) = 1 + 𝑡 − 4( )
√π √π
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 1
3. 𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑠 )

Solution :
1 1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑠 )

𝑥3 𝑥5 𝑥7
We have 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 𝑥 − + − +. . . . . . . . . . . . ..
3! 5! 7!

1 1 1 1 3 1 1 5 1 1 7
⇒ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑠 ) = 𝑠 − 3! (𝑠 ) + 5! (𝑠 ) − 7! (𝑠 ) +. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 6 1 1 8
⇒ 𝑠 ⋅ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑠 ) = 𝑠2 − 3! (𝑠 ) + 5! (𝑠 ) − 7! (𝑠 ) +. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

1 𝑡3 1 𝑡5 1 𝑡7
⇒ 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 (𝐹(𝑠)) = 𝑡 − 3! ⋅ 3! + 5! ⋅ 5! − 7! ⋅ 7! +. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
(−1)𝑛−1 𝑡 2𝑛−1
⇒ 𝑓(𝑡) = ∑∞
𝑛=1 (2𝑛−1)!2
 Unit IV: Inverse Laplace Transforms
2020

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𝑠
4. (𝑠+1)5

Solution :
𝑠
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = (𝑠+1)5

(𝑠+1)−1 1 1
⇒ 𝐹(𝑠) = (𝑠+1)5
= (𝑠+1)4 − (𝑠+1)5

1 1
⇒ 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 (𝐹(𝑠)) = 𝑒 −𝑡 𝐿−1 (𝑠4 − 𝑠5 )

𝑒 −𝑡
⇒ 𝑓(𝑡) = (4𝑡 3 − 𝑡 4 )
24

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5𝑠−2
5. 𝑠2 +4𝑠+8

Solution :
5𝑠−2 5(𝑠−2+2)−2 5(𝑠+2)−12
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 𝑠2 +4𝑠+8 = (𝑠+2)2 +4
= (𝑠+2)2 +4

𝑠 12 2
⇒ 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 (𝐹(𝑠)) = 5𝑒 −2𝑡 𝐿−1 ( ) − 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝐿−1 ( 2 )
𝑠2 +4 2 𝑠 +4
⇒ 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑒 −2𝑡 (5𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 − 6𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2
6. 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑠2

Solution :
Let F(s)=tan^{-1}{\frac{2}{s^2}}
2
We have 𝐿(𝑓(𝑡)) = 𝐹(𝑠) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑠2

𝑑 2
⇒ 𝐿(𝑡𝑓(𝑡)) = − (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 2 )
𝑑𝑠 𝑠
4𝑠
⇒ 𝐿(𝑡𝑓(𝑡)) =
𝑠4 +4
4𝑠 4𝑠
⇒ 𝑡𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 (𝑠4 +4) = 𝐿−1 (𝑠2+2𝑠+2)(𝑠2−2𝑠+2)

4𝑠 1 1
Now, using partial fractions, we obtain, (𝑠2 +2𝑠+2)(𝑠2 −2𝑠+2)
= 𝑠2 −2𝑠+2 − 𝑠2 +2𝑠+2

4𝑠 1 1
⇒ 𝐿−1 ( ) = 𝐿−1 ( 2 ) − 𝐿−1 ( 2 )
𝑠4 +4 𝑠 − 2𝑠 + 2 𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 2
 Unit IV: Inverse Laplace Transforms
2020

4𝑠 1 1
⇒ 𝐿−1 (𝑠4 +4) = 𝐿−1 ((𝑠−1)2+1) − 𝐿−1 ((𝑠+1)2+1)

4𝑠 1 1
⇒ 𝐿−1 (𝑠4 +4) = 𝑒 𝑡 𝐿−1 (𝑠2 +1) − 𝑒 −𝑡 𝐿−1 (𝑠2 +1)

4𝑠
⇒ 𝐿−1 ( ) = 𝑒 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡
𝑠4+4
2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡
⇒ 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝑎2
7. 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1 − )
𝑠2

Solution :
𝑎2
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1 − 𝑠2 ) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠 2 − 𝑎2 ) − 2𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑠

We have 𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝐹(𝑠)

⇒ 𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠 2 − 𝑎2 ) − 2𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑠
𝑑
⇒ 𝐿[𝑡𝑓(𝑡)] = − [𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠 2 − 𝑎2 ) − 2𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑠]
𝑑𝑠
2 2𝑠
⇒ 𝐿[𝑡𝑓(𝑡)] = [ − 2 ]
𝑠 𝑠 − 𝑎2
2 2𝑠
⇒ 𝑡𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 ( − 2 ) = 2 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑡
𝑠 𝑠 − 𝑎2
2(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑡)
⇒ 𝑓(𝑡) =
𝑡
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝑠+3
8. 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 ( )
2

Solution :
𝑠+3
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 ( )
2

We have 𝐿(𝑓(𝑡)) = 𝐹(𝑠)

𝑠+3
⇒ 𝐿(𝑓(𝑡)) = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 ( )
2

𝑑 𝑠+3 2
⇒ 𝐿(𝑡𝑓(𝑡)) = − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 ( )=
𝑑𝑠 2 (𝑠 + 3)2 + 4
2
⇒ 𝑡𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 ( )
(𝑠 + 3)2 + 4
 Unit IV: Inverse Laplace Transforms
2020

2
⇒ 𝑡𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑒 −3𝑡 𝐿−1 ( ) = 𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
𝑠2 + 4
𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
⇒ 𝑓(𝑡) =
𝑡
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝑠
9. (𝑠2 +1)2

Solution :
1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = (𝑠2 , so that 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 (𝐹(𝑠)) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡.
+1)

−2𝑠
Then 𝐹 ′ (𝑠) = (𝑠2 +1)2. By inverse Laplace transform of derivatives with 𝑠 = 1,

we get 𝐿−1 (𝐹 ′ (𝑠)) = −𝑡𝑓(𝑡)

𝑠 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
⇒ 𝐿−1 ((𝑠2 +1)2) = 2

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 𝑠+1
10. 𝑠2 (𝑠2 +1)

Solution :
1 𝑠+1 1 1 𝑠+1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 𝑠2 𝑠2 +1 = 𝑠 (𝑠 (𝑠2 +1))

1 𝑠+1 𝑡
Now, 𝐿−1 [𝑠 ⋅ 𝑠2 +1] = ∫0 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡)𝑑𝑡

1 𝑠+1
⇒ 𝐿−1 [ ⋅ 2 ] = (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡)𝑡0 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 1
𝑠 𝑠 +1
1 𝑠+1 𝑡
⇒ 𝐿−1 [𝑠2 (𝑠2 +1)] = ∫0 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 1)𝑑𝑡
1 𝑠+1
⇒ 𝐿−1 [𝑠2 (𝑠2 +1)] = (−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 + 𝑡)𝑡0
1 𝑠+1
⇒ 𝐿−1 [𝑠2 (𝑠2 +1)] = 1 + 𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1
11. 𝑠(𝑠2 +𝑎2)

Solution :
1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = (𝑠2 +𝑎2)

1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡
Now, 𝐿−1 (𝑠2 +𝑎2) = 𝑎
 Unit IV: Inverse Laplace Transforms
2020

1 1 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑡 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡

⇒ 𝐿−1 (𝑠 ⋅ 𝑠2 +𝑎2 ) = ∫0 ( ) 𝑑𝑡 = ( ) =
𝑎 𝑎2 0 𝑎2

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝑒 −4𝑠 −𝑒 −7𝑠
12. 𝑠2

Solution :
1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 𝑠2

⇒ 𝐿−1 (𝐹(𝑠)) = 𝑡

By second shifting theorem, we have 𝐿−1 (𝐹(𝑠)) = (𝑡 − 4)𝑢(𝑡 − 4) − (𝑡 − 7)𝑢(𝑡 − 7)

Also,

0, 0<𝑡<4
𝑢(𝑡 − 4) = {
1, 𝑡>4
and
0, 0<𝑡<7
𝑢(𝑡 − 7) = {
1, 𝑡>7
0 − 0, 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑡 < 4
𝑒 −4𝑠 −𝑒 −7𝑠
⇒ 𝐿−1 [ 𝑠2 ] = { (𝑡 − 4) − 0, 𝑖𝑓 4 < 𝑡 < 7
(𝑡 − 4) − (𝑡 − 7), 𝑖𝑓 𝑡 > 7

0, 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑡 < 4
𝑒 −4𝑠 −𝑒 −7𝑠
⇒ 𝐿−1 [ 𝑠2 ] = { (𝑡 − 4), 𝑖𝑓 4 < 𝑡 < 7
3, 𝑖𝑓 𝑡 > 7

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 𝑒 −𝑠 𝑒 −3𝑠
13. 𝑠 − 4 ( 𝑠2 ) + 4 ( )
𝑠2

Solution :
3 1 1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 𝑠 − 4 (𝑠2 ) + 4 (𝑠2 )
1 1
Since 𝐿−1 (𝑠 ) = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐿−1 (𝑠2 ) = 𝑡,

using second shifting theorem, we have

3 𝑒 −𝑠 𝑒 −3𝑠
𝐿−1 [𝑠 − 4 ( 𝑠2 ) + 4 ( )] = 3 − 4(𝑡 − 1)𝑢(𝑡 − 1) + 4(𝑡 − 3)𝑢(𝑡 − 3).
𝑠2

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝑠2 +9𝑠−9
14. 𝑠3 −9𝑠
 Unit IV: Inverse Laplace Transforms
2020

Solution :
𝑠2 +9𝑠−9 𝑠2 +9𝑠−9 𝑠2 +9𝑠−9
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = = = 𝑠(𝑠+3)(𝑠−3)
𝑠3 −9𝑠 𝑠(𝑠2 −9)

𝑠2 +9𝑠−9 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
Using partial fractions, 𝑠(𝑠+3)(𝑠−3) = 𝑠 + 𝑠+3 + 𝑠−3

⇒ 𝑠 2 + 9𝑠 − 9 = 𝐴(𝑠 + 3)(𝑠 − 3) + 𝐵𝑆(𝑠 − 3) + 𝐶𝑠(𝑠 + 3)

3 −3
For 𝑠 = 0, 𝑠 = 3, 𝑠 = −3, we find 𝐴 = 1, 𝐶 = 2 , 𝐵 = , respectively.
2

−3 3
𝑠 2 + 9𝑠 − 9 𝑠 2 + 9𝑠 − 9 1 2
⇒ 𝐹(𝑠) = = = + + 2
𝑠 3 − 9𝑠 𝑠(𝑠 2 − 9) 𝑠 𝑠+3 𝑠−3
−3 −3𝑡 3 𝑒 3𝑡 +𝑒 −3𝑡
⇒ 𝐿−1 (𝐹(𝑠)) = 1 − 𝑒 + 2 𝑒 3𝑡 = 1 + 3 ( ) = 1 + 3𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3𝑡
2 2

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝑠+1
15.(𝑠2 +1)(𝑠2 +4)

Solution :
𝑠+1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = (𝑠2 +1)(𝑠2+4)
𝑠+1 𝐴𝑠+𝐵 𝐶𝑠+𝐷
Using partial fractions, (𝑠2 +1)(𝑠2 +4) = +
𝑠2 +1 𝑠2 +4

⇒ 𝑠 + 1 = (𝐴𝑠 + 𝐵)(𝑠 2 + 4) + (𝐶𝑠 + 𝐷)(𝑠 2 + 1)

On comparing the coefficients of:
𝑠3: 0 = 𝐴 + 𝐶
𝑠2: 0 = 𝐵 + 𝐷
𝑠: 1 = 4𝐴 + 𝐶
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡: 1 = 4𝐵 + 𝐷.
1 −1
On solving first and third equations, we get 𝐴 = ; 𝐶 =
3 3
1 −1
Similarly, on solving second and fourth equations, we get 𝐵 = 3 ; 𝐷 = 3

1 1 −1 −1
𝑠+3 𝑠+ 3
3
⇒ 𝐹(𝑠) = 2 + 3
𝑠 +1 𝑠2 + 4
1 𝑠 1 1 𝑠 1
⇒ 𝐹(𝑠) = ( 2 + 2 )− ( 2 + 2 )
3 𝑠 +1 𝑠 +1 3 𝑠 +4 𝑠 +4
1 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
⇒ 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 (𝐹(𝑠)) = 3 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡) − 3 (𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 + )
2
 Unit IV: Inverse Laplace Transforms
2020

1
⇒ 𝑓(𝑡) = (2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡)
6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5𝑠2 −7𝑠+17
16 . (𝑠−1)(𝑠2 +4)

Solution :
5𝑠2 −7𝑠+17
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = (𝑠−1)(𝑠2 +4)

5𝑠2 −7𝑠+17 𝐴 𝐵𝑠+𝐶

Using partial fractions, (𝑠−1)(𝑠2 = +
+4) 𝑠−1 𝑠2 +4

⇒ 5𝑠 2 − 7𝑠 + 17 = 𝐴(𝑠 2 + 4) + (𝐵𝑠 + 𝐶)(𝑠 − 1)

Putting 𝑠 = 1, we get 5𝐴 = 15 ⇒ 𝐴 = 3
Putting 𝑠 = 0, we get 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 5 ⇒ 𝐵 = 2
Comparing the coefficients of 𝑠 2 , we get 4𝐴 − 𝐶 = 17 ⇒ 𝐶 = −5
3 2𝑠−5 3 2𝑠 5
⇒ 𝐹(𝑠) = 𝑠−1 + 𝑠2 +4 = 𝑠−1 + 𝑠2 +4 − 𝑠2 +4

5
⇒ 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 (𝐹(𝑠)) = 3𝑒 𝑡 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
∞ 𝑠+2
17. ∫𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑠+1) 𝑑𝑠

Solution :
𝑠+2
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑠+1) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠 + 2) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠 + 1)

Now, 𝐿(𝑓(𝑡)) = 𝐹(𝑠)

⇒ 𝐿(𝑓(𝑡)) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠 + 2) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠 + 1)

𝑑 𝑑
⇒ 𝐿(𝑡𝑓(𝑡)) = − (𝐹(𝑠)) = − (𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠 + 2) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠 + 1))
𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑠

1 1
⇒ 𝐿(𝑡𝑓(𝑡)) = − (𝑠+2 − 𝑠+1)

1 1
⇒ 𝑡𝑓(𝑡) = −𝐿−1 ( − )
𝑠+2 𝑠+1
⇒ 𝑡𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑒 −𝑡 − 𝑒 −2𝑡
𝑒 −𝑡 − 𝑒 −2𝑡
⇒ 𝑓(𝑡) =
𝑡
∞ 𝑠+2 𝑒 −𝑡 −𝑒 −2𝑡
Therefore, 𝐿−1 ∫𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑠+1) 𝑑𝑠 = 𝑡2
 Unit IV: Inverse Laplace Transforms
2020

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18. Using Convolution theorem to obtain the inverse Laplace transform of the following:
1
a. (𝑠+1)(𝑠2 +1)

Solution :
1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = (𝑠+1)(𝑠2 +1)

1 1 1
Now, 𝐿−1 ((𝑠+1)(𝑠2+1)) = 𝐿−1 (𝑠+1 ⋅ 𝑠2 +1) = 𝑒 −𝑡 ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 ∗ 𝑒 −𝑡

1 𝑡
⇒ 𝐿−1 ((𝑠+1)(𝑠2+1)) = ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢 ⋅ 𝑒 −(𝑡−𝑢) 𝑑𝑢

1 𝑡 𝑢
⇒ 𝐿−1 ((𝑠+1)(𝑠2+1)) = 𝑒 −𝑡 ∫0 𝑒 ⋅ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑑𝑢
𝑡
1 𝑒𝑢
⇒ 𝐿−1 ( ) = 𝑒 −𝑡
( (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢))
(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 2 + 1) 2
0

1 𝑒−𝑡 𝑡
⇒ 𝐿−1 ( ) = (𝑒 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡) + 1)
(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 2 + 1) 2
1 1
⇒ 𝐿−1 ( ) = (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑡 ).
(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 2 + 1) 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1
b. (𝑠2 +4)(𝑠+1)2

Solution :
1 1
Let 𝐹(𝑠) = (𝑠2 +4)(𝑠+1)2 = (𝑠2 +4)(𝑠+1)(𝑠+1) = 𝐹1 (𝑠) ⋅ 𝐹2 (𝑠) ⋅ 𝐹3 (𝑠), say.

𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
⇒ 𝐿−1 (𝐹1 (𝑠)) = ; 𝐿−1 (𝐹2 (𝑠)) = 𝑒 −𝑡 ; 𝐿−1 (𝐹3 (𝑠)) = 𝑒 −𝑡 .
2
𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢
By Convolution theorem, 𝐿−1 (𝐹1 (𝑠) ⋅ 𝐹2 (𝑠)) = ∫0 𝑒 −(𝑡−𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
2

𝑒 −𝑡 𝑡
⇒ 𝐿−1 (𝐹1 (𝑠) ⋅ 𝐹2 (𝑠)) = ∫0 𝑒 𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢𝑑𝑢
2

𝑒 −𝑡 𝑒 𝑢
⇒ 𝐿−1 (𝐹1 (𝑠) ⋅ 𝐹2 (𝑠)) = (𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢)𝑡0
2 5

𝑒 −𝑡
⇒ 𝐿−1 (𝐹1 (𝑠) ⋅ 𝐹2 (𝑠)) = 𝑒 𝑡 (𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡) + 2
10

𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡−2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 𝑒 −𝑡
⇒ 𝐿−1 (𝐹1 (𝑠) ⋅ 𝐹2 (𝑠)) = +
10 5

𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢−2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢 𝑒 −𝑢
⇒ 𝐿−1 (𝐹1 (𝑠) ⋅ 𝐹2 (𝑠) ⋅ 𝐹3 (𝑠)) = ∫0 ( + ) (𝑒 −(𝑡−𝑢) )𝑑𝑢
10 5
 Unit IV: Inverse Laplace Transforms
2020

𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢−2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢 𝑒 −𝑢
⇒ 𝐿−1 (𝐹1 (𝑠) ⋅ 𝐹2 (𝑠) ⋅ 𝐹3 (𝑠)) = 𝑒 −𝑡 ∫0 ( + ) (𝑒 𝑢 )𝑑𝑢
10 5
𝑡
𝑒 𝑢 (𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢) 1
⇒ 𝐿−1 (𝐹1 (𝑠) ⋅ 𝐹2 (𝑠) ⋅ 𝐹3 (𝑠)) = 𝑒 −𝑡 ∫ ( + ) 𝑑𝑢
0 10 5
𝑡
𝑒 𝑢 (𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢) + 2
⇒ 𝐿−1 (𝐹1 (𝑠) ⋅ 𝐹2 (𝑠) ⋅ 𝐹3 (𝑠)) = 𝑒 −𝑡 ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑢
0 10

−1
𝑒 −𝑡 𝑡 𝑢
⇒ 𝐿 (𝐹1 (𝑠) ⋅ 𝐹2 (𝑠) ⋅ 𝐹3 (𝑠)) = ∫ (𝑒 (𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢) + 2)𝑑𝑢
10 0
𝑡 𝑒𝑢
Now, ∫0 𝑒 𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢𝑑𝑢 = (𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢)|𝑡0
5
𝑡
𝑢
𝑒𝑡 2
⇒ ∫ 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢𝑑𝑢 = (𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡) +
0 5 5
𝑡 𝑒𝑢
Similarly, ∫0 𝑒 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢𝑑𝑢 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢)|𝑡0
5

𝑡 𝑒𝑡 1
⇒ ∫0 𝑒 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢𝑑𝑢 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡) −
5 5

𝑒 −𝑡 𝑒 𝑡 2 2𝑒 𝑡 2
⇒ 𝐿−1 (𝐹1 (𝑠) ⋅ 𝐹2 (𝑠) ⋅ 𝐹3 (𝑠)) = (𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡) + − (𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡) + +
10 5 5 5 5
2𝑡
2 −𝑡 𝑡𝑒 −𝑡 1
⇒ 𝐿−1 (𝐹1 (𝑠) ⋅ 𝐹2 (𝑠) ⋅ 𝐹3 (𝑠)) = 𝑒 + − (3𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 + 4𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡)
25 5 50
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Using Laplace transforms solve the following differential equations consisting of initial
conditions :
1. 𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 = 𝑒 3𝑡 , 𝑦(0) = 2.
Solution :
Given 𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 = 𝑒 3𝑡 .
Taking Laplace transform on both sides, we get
𝐿(𝑦 ′ ) − 𝐿(𝑦) = 𝐿(𝑒 3𝑡 )
1
⇒ 𝑠𝐿(𝑦(𝑡)) − 𝑦(0) − 𝐿(𝑦(𝑡)) = 𝑠−3
1
⇒ 𝑠𝐿(𝑦(𝑡)) − 2 − 𝐿(𝑦(𝑡)) = 𝑠−3 (𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠)
1
⇒ (𝑠 − 1)𝐿(𝑦(𝑡)) = 𝑠−3 + 2
2𝑠−5
⇒ (𝑠 − 1)𝐿(𝑦(𝑡)) = 𝑠−3
 Unit IV: Inverse Laplace Transforms
2020

2𝑠−5
⇒ 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 ((𝑠−3)(𝑠−1))

2𝑠−5 𝐴 𝐵
Using partial fractions, (𝑠−3)(𝑠−1) = 𝑠−3 + 𝑠−1

⇒ 2𝑠 − 5 = 𝐴(𝑠 − 1) + 𝐵(𝑠 − 3).

1 3
Here, 𝐴 = 2 ; 𝐵 = 2
1 3
1 3
⇒ 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 ( 𝑠−3
2
+ 2
) = 2 𝑒 3𝑡 + 2 𝑒 𝑡
𝑠−1

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. 𝑦 ′′ − 6𝑦 ′ + 9𝑦 = 0, 𝑦(0) = 2; 𝑦 ′ (0) = 9.
Solution :
Given 𝑦 ′′ − 6𝑦 ′ + 9𝑦 = 0.
Taking Laplace transform on both sides, we get
𝐿(𝑦 ′′ ) − 6𝐿(𝑦 ′ ) + 9𝐿(𝑦) = 0

⇒ (𝑠 2 𝐿(𝑦(𝑡)) − 𝑠𝑦(0) − 𝑦 ′ (0)) − 6 (𝑠𝐿(𝑦(𝑡)) − 𝑦(0)) + 9𝐿(𝑦(𝑡)) = 0

⇒ 𝑠 2 𝐿(𝑦(𝑡)) − 2𝑠 − 9 − 6(𝑠𝐿(𝑦(𝑡)) − 2) + 9𝐿(𝑦(𝑡)) = 0 (Using initial conditions)

⇒ (𝑠 2 − 6𝑠 + 9)𝐿(𝑦(𝑡)) = 2𝑠 + 9 − 12
2𝑠 − 3 2𝑠 − 3
⇒ 𝐿(𝑦(𝑡)) = =
𝑠2 − 6𝑠 + 9 (𝑠 − 3)2
2𝑠−3
⇒ 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 ((𝑠−3)2)

2(𝑠 − 3) + 3
⇒ 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 ( )
(𝑠 − 3)2
2𝑠 + 3
⇒ 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑒 3𝑡 𝐿−1 ( )
𝑠2
2 3
⇒ 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑒 3𝑡 𝐿−1 ( ) + 𝐿−1 ( 2 )
𝑠 𝑠
⇒ 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑒 3𝑡 2 + 3𝑡
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.𝑦 ′′′′ − 16𝑦 = 30𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡, 𝑦 ′′ (0) = 0; 𝑦 ′′ (π) = 0, 𝑦 ′′′ (0) = −18; 𝑦 ′′′ (π) = −18.
Solution :
Given 𝑦 ′′′′ − 16𝑦 = 30𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡.
 Unit IV: Inverse Laplace Transforms
2020

Taking Laplace transform on both sides, we get

𝐿(𝑦 ′′′′ ) − 16𝐿(𝑦) = 30𝐿(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡)
30
⇒ (𝑠 4 𝐿[𝑦(𝑡)] − 𝑠 3 𝑦(0) − 𝑠 2 𝑦 ′ (0) − 𝑠𝑦 ′′ (0) − 𝑦 ′′′ (0)) − 16𝐿[𝑦(𝑡)] =
𝑠2 +1
30
⇒ (𝑠 4 − 16)𝐿[𝑦(𝑡)] = 𝑠2 +1 + 2𝑠 2 − 18(𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠)

30 + 2𝑠 2 (𝑠 2 + 1) − 18(𝑠 2 + 1)
⇒ (𝑠 4 − 16)𝐿[𝑦(𝑡)] =
𝑠2 + 1
2𝑠 4 − 16𝑠 2 + 12
⇒ (𝑠 4 − 16)𝐿[𝑦(𝑡)] =
𝑠2 + 1
2𝑠 4 − 16𝑠 2 + 12
⇒ 𝐿[𝑦(𝑡)] =
(𝑠 2 + 1)(𝑠 4 − 16)
2𝑠 4 − 16𝑠 2 + 12
⇒ 𝐿[𝑦(𝑡)] =
(𝑠 2 + 1)(𝑠 2 − 4)(𝑠 2 + 4)
2𝑠 4 − 16𝑠 2 + 12
⇒ 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 ( 2 )
(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 2 − 4)(𝑠 2 + 4)

Now,
2𝑠4 −16𝑠2 +12 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶𝑠+𝐷 𝐸𝑠+𝐹
(𝑠2 +1)(𝑠2 −4)(𝑠2 +4)
= 𝑠−2 + 𝑠+2 + + 𝑠2 +4
𝑠2 +1

⇒ 2𝑠 4 − 16𝑠 2 + 12 = 𝐴(𝑠 + 2)(𝑠 4 + 5𝑠 2 + 4) + 𝐵(𝑠 − 2)(𝑠 4 + 5𝑠 2 + 4)

+(𝐶𝑠 + 𝐷)(𝑠 4 − 16) + (𝐸𝑠 + 𝐹)(𝑠 4 − 3𝑠 2 − 4)
−1
Putting 𝑠 = 2, 𝐴 = 8
1
Putting 𝑠 = −2, 𝐵 = 8

Comparing the coefficients of :

𝑠5: 𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶 + 𝐸 = 0 ⇒ 𝐶 + 𝐸 = 0
𝑠 3 : 5𝐴 + 5𝐵 − 3𝐸 = 0 ⇒ 𝐸 = 0, ⇒ 𝐶 = 0
−9
𝑠 2 : 10 − 10𝐵 − 3𝐹 = −16 ⇒ 𝐹 =
2
𝑠 4 : 2𝐴 − 2𝐵 + 𝐷 + 𝐹 = 2 ⇒ 𝐷 = 7
−1 1 −9
7
⇒ 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 ( 𝑠−2
8
+ 8
+ 𝑠2 +1 + 2
)
𝑠+2 𝑠2 +4

−1 2𝑡 1 −2𝑡 9
⇒ 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑒 + 𝑒 + 7𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
8 8 2
 Unit IV: Inverse Laplace Transforms
2020

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. An impulse voltage 𝐸δ(𝑡) is applied to a circuit consisting of 𝐿, 𝑅, 𝐶 in series with zero
initial conditions. Fine the limit of 𝐼 as 𝑡 → 0 where 𝐼 is the current at any subsequent time 𝑡.
𝑑𝐼 1 𝑡
Equation of the circuit is 𝐿 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑅𝐼 + 𝑐 ∫0 𝐼𝑑𝑡 = 𝐸δ(𝑡), where 𝐼(0) = 0.

Solution :
Equation of RLC - circuit governing the circuit is
𝑑𝐼 1 𝑡
𝐿 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑅𝐼 + 𝑐 ∫0 𝐼𝑑𝑡 = 𝐸δ(𝑡), where 𝐼(0) = 0.

Taking Laplace transform on both sides of the equation, we get,

1 𝑡
𝐿[𝐼 ‘ (𝑡)] + 𝑅𝐿[𝐼(𝑡)] + 𝑐 𝐿 [∫0 𝐼𝑑𝑡] = 𝐿[𝐸δ(𝑡)]

1 1
⇒ [𝑠𝐿(𝐼(𝑡)) − 𝐼(0)] + 𝑅𝐿[𝐼(𝑡)] + ⋅ 𝐿[𝐼(𝑡)] = 𝐸, 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒𝐿[𝛿(𝑡)] = 1
𝑐 𝑠
1 1
⇒ 𝑠𝐿[𝐼(𝑡)] + 𝑅𝐿[𝐼(𝑡)] + . 𝐿[𝐼(𝑡)] = 𝐸, 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐼(0) = 0
𝑐 𝑠
1
⇒ (𝐿𝑠 + 𝑅 + ) 𝐿(𝐼(𝑡)) = 𝐸
𝑐𝑠
𝐿𝑐𝑠 2 + 𝑅𝑐𝑠 + 1
⇒( ) 𝐿(𝐼(𝑡)) = 𝐸
𝑐𝑠
𝐸𝑐𝑠
⇒ 𝐼(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 ( )
𝐿𝑐𝑠 2 + 𝑅𝑐𝑠 + 1

𝐸𝑐 −1 𝑠
⇒ 𝐼(𝑡) = 𝐿 ( )
𝐿𝑐 𝑅𝑐𝑠 1
𝑠 2 + 𝐿𝑐 + 𝐿𝑐

𝐸 −1 𝑠
⇒ 𝐼(𝑡) = 𝐿 ( )
𝐿 𝑅 2 1 𝑅2
(𝑠 + 2𝐿) + 𝐿𝑐 − 2
4𝐿

𝐸 −1 𝑠 1 𝑅2
⇒ 𝐼(𝑡) = 𝐿 ( ) , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑘2 = − 2
𝐿 𝑅 2 𝐿𝑐 4𝐿
(𝑠 + 2𝐿) + 𝑘 2

𝑅
𝐸 −𝑅𝑡 −1 2𝐿
⇒ 𝐼(𝑡) = 𝑒 2𝐿 𝐿 (𝑠 − 2 )
𝐿 𝑠 + 𝑘2

𝐸 −𝑅𝑡 𝑅 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑡
⇒ 𝐼(𝑡) = 𝑒 2𝐿 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑘𝑡 − ( )
𝐿 2𝐿 𝑘
 Unit IV: Inverse Laplace Transforms
2020

𝐸
𝐴𝑠 𝑡 → 0, 𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝐼 = .
𝐿
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reference Books :
i. Higher Engineering Mathematics by B S Grewal
ii. Higher Engineering Mathematics by B V Ramana
***************************************************************************