Numerical method

IESAM360
Lesson 7: Method of false position
Lecture: Franklin Junior Mwakatos
Email: [email protected]
 Method of false position
Method used to approximate the root of the equation 𝑓 𝑥 = 0.
Below is the formula
𝑥" 𝑓 𝑥# − 𝑥# 𝑓 𝑥"
𝑥! =
𝑓 𝑥# − 𝑓 𝑥"
The algorithm is well illustrated in the example on the next slide-Mwakatos
 Method of false position
Example: Find a root of an equation 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 $ − 𝑥 − 1 using false position
method.
Solution
First the need to find 𝑥" and 𝑥# . Lets try between 𝑥" = 0 and 𝑥# = 1

⇒ 𝑓 𝑥" = 0$ − 0 − 1 = −1

⇒ 𝑓 𝑥# = 1$ − 1 − 1 = −1

𝑓 𝑥" ( 𝑓 𝑥# > 0
(0,1) has failed hence try between 1 and 2 i.e.𝑥" = 1 and 𝑥# = 2

⇒ 𝑓 𝑥" = 1$ − 1 − 1 = −1

⇒ 𝑓 𝑥# = 2$ − 2 − 1 = 5

𝑓 𝑥" ( 𝑓 𝑥# < 0
1,2 is the required one-perfect option
 Method of false position
So for 𝑥" = 1 and 𝑥# = 2, 𝑓 𝑥" = −1 and 𝑓 𝑥# = 5, 𝑥! is computed by

𝑥" 𝑓 𝑥# − 𝑥# 𝑓 𝑥" 1 5 − 2 −1
𝑥! = =
𝑓 𝑥# − 𝑓 𝑥" 5 − −1

⇒ 𝑥! = 1.16667
Evaluate 𝑓 𝑥!
$
⇒ 𝑓 𝑥! = 1.16667 − 1.16667 − 1 = −0.57869 < 0
The above signals that update the old interval by replacing 1 with 1.16667 to
obtain a new interval (1.16667,2). This implies that 𝑥" = 1.16667, 𝑥# = 2, 𝑓 𝑥" =
− 0.57869 and 𝑓 𝑥# = 5 hence 𝑥$ is computed by

𝑥" 𝑓 𝑥# − 𝑥# 𝑓 𝑥" 1.16667 5 − 2 −0.57869

𝑥$ = =
𝑓 𝑥# − 𝑓 𝑥" 5 − −0.57869

⇒ 𝑥$ = 1.25311
 Method of false position
Evaluate 𝑓 𝑥!
!
⇒ 𝑓 𝑥! = 1.25311 − 1.25311 − 1 = −0.28537 < 0
The above signals that update the old interval by replacing 1.16667 with 1.25311 to
obtain a new interval (1.25311,2). This implies that 𝑥" = 1.25311, 𝑥# = 2, 𝑓 𝑥" =
− 0.28537 and 𝑓 𝑥# = 5 hence 𝑥$ is computed by

𝑥" 𝑓 𝑥# − 𝑥# 𝑓 𝑥" 1.25311 5 − 2 −0.28537

𝑥$ = =
𝑓 𝑥# − 𝑓 𝑥" 5 − −0.28537

⇒ 𝑥$ = 1.29343
Evaluate 𝑓 𝑥$
!
⇒ 𝑓 𝑥$ = 1.29343 − 1.29343 − 1 = −0.12957 < 0
The above signals that update the old interval by replacing 1.25311 with 1.29343 to
obtain a new interval (1.29343,2). This implies that 𝑥" = 1.29343, 𝑥# = 2, 𝑓 𝑥" =
− 0.12957 and 𝑓 𝑥# = 5 hence 𝑥% is computed by

𝑥" 𝑓 𝑥# − 𝑥# 𝑓 𝑥" 1.29343 5 − 2 −0.12957

𝑥% = =
𝑓 𝑥# − 𝑓 𝑥" 5 − −0.12957

⇒ 𝑥% = 1.31128
 Method of false position
Evaluate 𝑓 𝑥%
!
⇒ 𝑓 𝑥% = 1.31128 − 1.31128 − 1 = −0.05659 < 0
The above signals that update the old interval by replacing 1.29343 with 1.31128 to
obtain a new interval (1.31128,2). This implies that 𝑥" = 1.31128, 𝑥# = 2, 𝑓 𝑥" =
− 0.05659 and 𝑓 𝑥# = 5 hence 𝑥& is computed by

𝑥" 𝑓 𝑥# − 𝑥# 𝑓 𝑥" 1.31128 5 − 2 −0.05659

𝑥& = =
𝑓 𝑥# − 𝑓 𝑥" 5 − −0.05659

⇒ 𝑥& = 1.31899
Evaluate 𝑓 𝑥&
!
⇒ 𝑓 𝑥& = 1.31899 − 1.31899 − 1 = −0.02430 < 0
The above signals that update the old interval by replacing 1.31128 with 1.31899 to
obtain a new interval (1.31899,2). This implies that 𝑥" = 1.31899, 𝑥# = 2, 𝑓 𝑥" =
− 0.02430 and 𝑓 𝑥# = 5 hence 𝑥' is computed by

𝑥" 𝑓 𝑥# − 𝑥# 𝑓 𝑥" 1.31899 5 − 2 −0.02430

𝑥' = =
𝑓 𝑥# − 𝑓 𝑥" 5 − −0.02430

⇒ 𝑥' = 1.32228
 Method of false position
Evaluate 𝑓 𝑥'
!
⇒ 𝑓 𝑥' = 1.32228 − 1.32228 − 1 = −0.01037 < 0
The above signals that update the old interval by replacing 1.31899 with 1.32228 to
obtain a new interval (1.32228,2). This implies that 𝑥" = 1.32228, 𝑥# = 2, 𝑓 𝑥" =
− 0.01037 and 𝑓 𝑥# = 5 hence 𝑥( is computed by

𝑥" 𝑓 𝑥# − 𝑥# 𝑓 𝑥" 1.32228 5 − 2 −0.01037

𝑥( = =
𝑓 𝑥# − 𝑓 𝑥" 5 − −0.01037

⇒ 𝑥( = 1.32368
Evaluate 𝑓 𝑥(
!
⇒ 𝑓 𝑥( = 1.32368 − 1.32368 − 1 = −0.00442 < 0
The above signals that update the old interval by replacing 1.32228 with 1.32368 to
obtain a new interval (1.32368,2). This implies that 𝑥" = 1.32368, 𝑥# = 2, 𝑓 𝑥" =
− 0.00442 and 𝑓 𝑥# = 5 hence 𝑥) is computed by

𝑥" 𝑓 𝑥# − 𝑥# 𝑓 𝑥" 1.32368 5 − 2 −0.00442

𝑥) = =
𝑓 𝑥# − 𝑓 𝑥" 5 − −0.00442

⇒ 𝑥) = 1.32428
 Method of false position
Evaluate 𝑓 𝑥)
⇒ 𝑓 𝑥) = 1.32428 ! − 1.32428 − 1 = −0.00187 < 0
The above signals that update the old interval by replacing 1.32368 with 1.32428 to
obtain a new interval (1.32428,2). This implies that 𝑥" = 1.32428, 𝑥# = 2, 𝑓 𝑥" =
− 0.00187 and 𝑓 𝑥# = 5 hence 𝑥#" is computed by

𝑥" 𝑓 𝑥# − 𝑥# 𝑓 𝑥" 1.32428 5 − 2 −0.00187

𝑥#" = =
𝑓 𝑥# − 𝑓 𝑥" 5 − −0.00187

⇒ 𝑥#" = 1.32453
Evaluate 𝑓 𝑥#"
⇒ 𝑓 𝑥#" = 1.32453 ! − 1.32453 − 1 = −0.00080 < 0
The above signals that update the old interval by replacing 1.32428 with 1.32453 to
obtain a new interval (1.32453,2). This implies that 𝑥" = 1.32453, 𝑥# = 2, 𝑓 𝑥" =
− 0.00080 and 𝑓 𝑥# = 5 hence 𝑥## is computed by

𝑥" 𝑓 𝑥# − 𝑥# 𝑓 𝑥" 1.32453 5 − 2 −0.00080

𝑥## = =
𝑓 𝑥# − 𝑓 𝑥" 5 − −0.00080

⇒ 𝑥## = 1.32464
 Method of false position
Evaluate 𝑓 𝑥##
!
⇒ 𝑓 𝑥## = 1.32464 − 1.32464 − 1 = −0.00033 < 0
The above signals that update the old interval by replacing 1.32453 with 1.32464 to
obtain a new interval (1.32464,2). This implies that 𝑥" = 1.32464, 𝑥# = 2, 𝑓 𝑥" =
− 0.00033 and 𝑓 𝑥# = 5 hence 𝑥#* is computed by

𝑥" 𝑓 𝑥# − 𝑥# 𝑓 𝑥" 1.32464 5 − 2 −0.00033

𝑥#* = =
𝑓 𝑥# − 𝑓 𝑥" 5 − −0.00033

⇒ 𝑥#* = 1. 32468
Evaluate 𝑓 𝑥#*
!
⇒ 𝑓 𝑥#* = 1.32468 − 1.32468 − 1 = −0.00016 < 0
The above signals that update the old interval by replacing 1.32464 with 1.32468 to
obtain a new interval (1.32468,2). This implies that 𝑥" = 1.32468, 𝑥# = 2, 𝑓 𝑥" =
− 0.00016 and 𝑓 𝑥# = 5 hence 𝑥#! is computed by

𝑥" 𝑓 𝑥# − 𝑥# 𝑓 𝑥" 1.32468 5 − 2 −0.00016

𝑥#! = =
𝑓 𝑥# − 𝑓 𝑥" 5 − −0.00016

⇒ 𝑥#! = 1. 32470
 Method of false position
Evaluate 𝑓 𝑥#$
⇒ 𝑓 𝑥#$ = 1.32470 $ − 1.32470 − 1 = −0.00007 < 0

Therefore the required root is 𝑥 = 1.32470

END OF LESSON 7
Thanks for your time
My writings bangs echo of simplicity-Mwakatos