Module 1- Badminton

This module presented the complete lesson about badminton. It started with a short
introduction of the sport. Followed by brief history, and Philippine’s history of badminton.
Facilities and equipment, terminologies, service rules, and singles and double competition
are also included. Basic skills needed to learn how to play badminton is also highlighted this
module.
After this module, students are expected to:
1. trace the historical background of badminton;
2. explain the proper used of facilities and equipment according to rules and regulations
of the game;
3. discuss the rules and regulation od badminton according to BFW;
4. differentiate singles game with doubles game competition;
5. demonstrate the foundation skills of badminton; and
6. analyze the different playing techniques applicable for singles and doubles game.

INTRODUCTION

Badminton is a popular and physically demanding game with an interesting history.

Like most sports, it requires that players be physically fit and alert. The game demands

intense playing time on the court. In fact, games can last anywhere from thirty to ninety

minutes.
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 Badminton is considered a good sport to help build and maintain overall fitness.

During an average game, players jump, run, turn, and twist in many different directions.
In fact, a top-level amateur badminton player runs more in a badminton game than a

football end does during a one-hour football game. A badminton player also uses his/her

arms more than a pitcher does in the average one and one-half hour baseball game. In

short, badminton is great aerobic exercise. It’s a fun sport and is also a means to better
physical fitness.

BRIEF HISTORY

The history of badminton can be traced back to the games of battledore and

shuttlecock which were played in Ancient Greece over 2000 years ago. The game we all
know as badminton began in the 19th century (1870) and was named by the Duke of

Beaufort after Badminton House in Gloucestershire. The International Badminton

Federation now has its base in Gloucestershire.

In England, there
had long been a

children's game known

as "battledore and

shuttlecock". Players used a

paddle, called a battledore, to

keep a cork stuffed with

feathers, called a shuttlecock,

in the air for as long as

possible. This game had been

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popular since medieval times. The modern version had migrated somehow to India and

then back again.

England played the same badminton rules as India until 1887. The Bath Badminton
Club standardized the rules and regulations, making the game more inclined towards the

English ideas of how the game should be played. The Badminton Association of England

published the first set of rules in line with the new regulations in 1893 and officially

launched the game of Badminton. The All England Open Badminton Championships
began in 1899 where the world's first badminton competition happened.

In 1934, the International Badminton Federation (IBF), now known as the

Badminton World Federation, was established. England, France, Canada, Denmark,

Netherlands, New Zealand, Ireland, Scotland and Wales were the first members. In 1936,
India joined as an affiliate. Globally, the Badminton World Federation (BWF) governs and

promotes the sport.

Meanwhile, the history of badminton in the United States began with the first

badminton club, the Badminton Club of New York, founded in 1878. The game flourished
in the 1930s when places such as the YMCA and educational institutions began offering

badminton instruction. Badminton became a popular pastime for many Hollywood stars

including James Cagney, Bette Davis, Ginger Rogers and Douglas Fairbanks, which also
helped to promote the sport in the 1930s.

The different badminton groups throughout the United States got together to
standardize the rules and regulations of the game in 1936. Consequently, 1937 saw the

first ABA championships, which a year later became a member of the International

Badminton Federation.

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 The United States singles player, David Freeman, won the All England World

Championships in 1949, while the All England World Championship doubles were won in

the same year by the American players Clinton and Patsy Stevens, although the All-
England Championships were considered the unofficial world championships until 1977.

Between 1949 and 1967, the United States won 23 world championships and much

acclaimed success in world rankings.

Although the history of badminton originated in England, this international sport

has been largely dominated by Asian countries and Denmark over the last few decades.

Countries including South Korea, Malaysia, China, and Indonesia have all produced world

class players. China is currently the strongest badminton country, winning many major

championships consistently over the last few years.

BADMINTON IN THE PHILIPPINES

Badminton was not born yesterday in this country. Perhaps for many of our veteran

badminton players, the recent boom in the sport has been long awaited. As early as the
1950s, the International Badminton Federation (IBF) already recognized the Philippines as
its 21st member country. Since then, Filipinos have been swinging their rackets in

international tournaments. Let's take a trip down memory lane, and take a look at the

milestones in Philippine badminton.

1920 - British and American expatriates introduced badminton in the Philippines

1950 - Philippines became the 21st country to join the International Badminton

Federation (IBF)

1952 - 1952, the Philippine Badminton Association (PBA) became the first national

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 badminton group. It was organized by 28 badminton clubs

1962 - Johnny Yan and Stephen Cheng were the country's first doubles champions

at
the Hong Kong Open

1979 - Philippine team first joined the World Badminton Championships at Hang

Chou, China. Out of 66 participants, Errol Chan landed in round 16 in the

men's
singles event

1981 - Philippine badminton team participated in the Southeast ASEAN (SEA)

Games

for the first time. The country hosted the event

1992 - Melvin Llanes became the first Philippine champion at the Prince Asian

Juniors

Championship for the 16-under age group. It was in 1992 when the

Philippines
first played in the Uber Cup games, resulting in a victory over Tanzania

1995 - Australian International Championships (IBF-sanctioned international

tournament), Weena Lim and Kennie Asuncion were the first Philippine entry

(ladies doubles) to win a gold medal

1997 - three-star Vietnam Open (IBF star event), Weena Lim and Kennie Asuncion
were the first Philippine entry (women's doubles) to reach quarterfinals

- Jakarta SEA Games, Weena Lim and Kennie Asuncion were the first

Philippine bronze medalists in the women's doubles event individual event

2001 - Bangkok Open, Kennevic Asuncion became the first bronze medalist in the
men's singles and mixed doubles individual event with sister Kennie

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FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

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A. Court (diagram A)

1. COURT AND COURT EQUIPMENT

1.1. The court shall be a rectangle marked out with lines 40 mm wide as shown in

Diagram A.

1.2. The lines marking out the court shall be easily distinguishable and preferably
be colored white or yellow.
1.3. All the lines shall form part of the area which they define.

1.4. The posts shall be 1.55 meters in height from the surface of the court and

shall remain vertical when the net is strained as provided in Law 1.10.

1.5. The posts shall be placed on the doubles side lines as in Diagram A

irrespective of whether singles or doubles is being played. The posts or its

supports shall not extend into the court beyond the side lines.

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 1.6. The net shall be made of fine cord of dark color and even thickness with a

mesh of not less than l5 mm and not more than 20 mm.

1.7. The net shall be 760 mm in depth and at least 6.1 meters wide.
1.8. The top of the net shall be edged with a 75 mm white tape doubled over a

cord or cable running through the tape. This tape shall rest upon the cord or

cable.

1.9. The cord or cable shall be stretched firmly, flushed with the top of the posts.
1.10. The top of the net from the surface of the court shall be 1.524 meters at the

center of the court and 1.55 meters over the side lines for doubles.

1.11 There shall be no gaps between the ends of the net and the posts. If

necessary, the full depth of the net at the ends shall be tied to the posts.

2. Racket

A badminton racket is lightweight and has

a round head. The racquet is flat and the strings

are crossed in a uniform pattern all over the head,

with no variation. The racquet cannot be longer

than 680mm, and the width of the head should be

230mm or less. The length of the head should be
290mm or less.

Rackets are made from lightweight

materials and they vary in price considerably. For

beginners, it is often best not to spend too much

on a racquet while you are getting used to the sport.

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3. Shuttlecock

A shuttlecock shall have 16 feathers fixed in a cork base covered

in kid leather. Interestingly, the best Badminton Shuttlecocks are made

from feathers from the left wing of a goose.

The feathers shall be measured from the tip to the top of the

base and each shuttle shall be of the same length. This length can be

between 62mm and 70mm. The shuttle shall weigh between 4.74 to 5.50 grams.

TERMINOLOGIES

1. Alley – side extension of the court by l½ feet on both sides that is used for

doubles play.

2. Back alley - area between the back boundary line and the long service line for

doubles.

3. Backcourt - the back third of the court in the area of the back boundary lines.

4. Baseline - back boundary line at each end of the court that runs parallel to the

net.

5. Bird or birdie - another name for the shuttlecock.

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6. Carry - an illegal tactic, also called a sling or throw, in which the shuttle is caught

and held on the racquet and then slung during the execution of a stroke.

7. Center line - line perpendicular to the net that separates the left and right service
courts.

8. Clear - a shot hit deep to the opponent’s back court.

9. Court - area of play, as defined by the outer boundary lines.

10. Drive - a fast and low shot that makes a horizontal flight over the net.

11. Drop - a shot hit with finesse to fall rapidly and close to the net on the

opponent’s side.

12. Fault - a violation of the playing rules, either in serving, receiving, or during play

(see common faults listed below).

13. Flick - a quick wrist and forearm rotation that surprises an opponent by changing

an apparently soft shot into a faster passing one; used primarily on the serve and

at the net.

14. Kill - fast, downward shot that cannot be returned; a "put away."

15. Let - a legitimate cessation of play to allow a rally to be replayed.

16. Long service line - in singles, the back boundary line; in doubles, a line 2 l/2 feet

inside the back boundary line. The serve may not go past this line.

17. Match - a series of games (at U.S. Olympic Festival ’93 it is three out of five), to

determine a winner.

18. Net shot - shot hit from the forecourt that just clears the net and drops sharply.

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19. Racquet - instrument used by player to hit shuttlecock. Weight: about 3 ounces.

Length: 27 inches. Made of: Ceramic, graphite, or boron frame; beef-gut string.

20. Rally –occurs when the players hit the bird back and forth several times before
one side scores a point.

21. Serve or Service – players put the shuttlecock into play for points by “serving” it

to opponents, hitting it over the net into a special part of the court near their

opponent

22. Service court - area into which the serve must be delivered. It is different for

singles and doubles play.

23. Short service line - the line 6 l/2 feet from the net which a serve must reach to be

legal.

24. Shuttlecock - the name for the object that players hit, made of a ball of cork or

rubber with a crown of feathers in an open conical shape.

25. Smash – when a shuttle is floated high into the air, a player has time to unleash a

powerful overhand shot straight to the floor of the opposing court

SERVICE RULES

9.1 In a correct service:

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 9.1.1 neither side shall cause undue delay to the delivery of the service once the

server and the receiver are ready for

the service. On completion of the

backward movement of server's

racket head, any delay in the start of

the service (Law 9.2) shall be

considered to be an undue delay;

9.1.2 the server and the receiver

shall stand within diagonally

opposite service courts (Diagram A)

without touching the boundary lines of these service courts;

9.1.3 some part of both feet of the server and the receiver shall remain in contact

with the surface of the court in a stationary position from the start of the service
(Law 9.2) until the service is delivered (Law 9.3);

9.1.4 the server's racket shall initially hit the base of the shuttle;

9.1.5 the whole shuttle shall be below the server's waist at the instant of being hit
by the server's racket. The waist shall be considered to be an imaginary line
round the body, level with the lowest part of the server's bottom rib;

9.1.6 the shaft of the server's racket at the instant of hitting the shuttle shall be

pointing in a downward direction;

9.1.7 the movement of the server's racket shall continue forwards from the start of

the service (Law 9.2) until the service is delivered (Law 9.3);
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 9.1.8 the flight of the shuttle shall be upwards from the server's racket to pass over

the net so that, if not intercepted, it shall land in the receiver's service court
(i.e. on or within the boundary lines); and

9.1.9 in attempting to serve, the server shall not miss the shuttle.

9.2 Once the players are ready for the service, the first forward movement of the server's

racket head shall be the start of the service.

9.3 Once started (Law 9.2), the service is delivered when the shuttle is hit by the server's
racket or, in attempting to serve, the server misses the shuttle.

9.4 The server shall not serve before the receiver is ready. However, the receiver shall be

considered to have been ready if a return of the service is attempted.

9.5 In doubles, during the delivery of service (Law 9.2, 9.3), the partners may take up any

positions within their respective courts, which do not un-sight the opposing server or

receiver.

SINGLES

10.1 Serving and receiving courts

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 10.1.1 The players shall serve from, and receive in, their respective right service

courts when the server has not scored or has scored an even number of

points in that game.

10.1.2 The players shall serve from, and receive in, their respective left service

courts when the server has scored an odd number of points in that game.

10.2 Order of play and position on court.

In a rally, the shuttle may be hit by the server and the receiver alternately, from any

position on that player's side of the net, until the shuttle ceases to be in play.

10.3 Scoring and serving

10.3.1 If the server wins a rally, the server shall score a point. The server shall then

serve again from the alternate service court.

10.3.2 If the receiver wins a rally, the receiver shall score a point. The receiver
shall then become the new server.

DOUBLES
11.1 Serving and receiving courts
11.1.1 A player of the serving side shall serve from the right service court when the

serving side has not scored or has scored an even number of points in that

game.

11.1.2 A player of the serving side shall serve from the left service court when the

serving side has scored an odd number of points in that game.

11.1.3 The player of the receiving side who served last shall stay in the same

service court from where he served last. The reverse pattern shall apply to

the receiver's partner.

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 11.1.4 The player of the receiving side standing in the diagonally opposite service

court to the server shall be the receiver.

11.1.5 The players shall not change their respective service courts until they win a

point when their side is serving.

11.1.6 Service in any turn of serving shall be delivered from the service court

corresponding to the serving side's score, except as provided in Law 12.

11.2 Order of play and position on court

After the service is returned, in a rally, the shuttle may be hit by either player of

the serving side and either player of the receiving side alternately, from any
position on that player's side of the net, until the shuttle ceases to be in play.

11.3 Scoring and serving

11.3.1 If the serving side wins a rally, the serving side shall score a point. The

server shall then serve again from the alternate service court.
11.3.2 If the receiving side wins a rally, the receiving side shall score a point. The

receiving side shall then become the new serving side.

11.4 Sequence of serving

In any game, the right to serve shall pass consecutively:
11.4.1 from the initial server who started the game from the right service court

11.4.2 to the partner of the initial receiver.

11.4.3 to the partner of the initial server

11.4.4 to the initial receiver, and

11.4.5 to the initial server and so on.

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11.5 No player shall serve or receive out of turn, or receive two consecutive services in

the same game, except as provided in Law 12.

11.6 Either player of the winning side may serve first in the next game, and either player

of the losing side may receive first in the next game.

SERVICE COURT ERRORS

12.1 A service court error has been made when a player:

12.1.1 has served or received out of turn; or

12.1.2 has served or received from the wrong service court;

12.2 If a service court error is discovered, the error shall be corrected and the existing

score shall stand.

FAULTS
It shall be a "fault":

13.1 if a service is not correct (Law 9.1);

13.2 if, in service, the shuttle:

13.2.1 is caught on the net and remains suspended on its top;

13.2.2 after passing over the net, is caught in the net; or

13.2.3 is hit by the receiver's partner;

13.3 if in play, the shuttle:

13.3.1 lands outside the boundaries of the court (i.e. not on or within the boundary

lines);
13.3.2 passes through or under the net;

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 13.3.3 fails to pass over the net;

13.3.4 touches the ceiling or side walls;

13.3.5 touches the person or dress of a player;

13.3.6 touches any other object or person outside the court;

13.3.7 is caught and held on the racket and then slung during the execution of a

stroke;

13.3.8 is hit twice in succession by the same player. However, a shuttle hitting the
head and the stringed area of the racket in one stroke shall not be a "fault";

13.3.9 is hit by a player and the player's partner successively; or

13.3.10 touches a player's racket and does not travel towards the opponent's court;

13.4 if, in play, a player:

13.4.1 touches the net or its supports with racket, person or dress;

13.4.2 invades an opponent's court over the net with racket or person except that

the striker may follow the shuttle over the net with the racket in the course of
a stroke after the initial point of contact with the shuttle is on the striker's

side of the net;

13.4.3 invades an opponent's court under the net with racket or person such that an

opponent is obstructed or distracted; or

13.4.4 obstructs an opponent, i.e. prevents an opponent from making a legal stroke
where the shuttle is followed over the net;

13.4.5 deliberately distracts an opponent by any action such as shouting or making

gestures;

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13.5 if a player is guilty of flagrant, repeated or persistent offenses under Law 16;

Service illustration for Singles

and Doubles Competition

RULES OF THE GAME

Toss – Before commencing the play, the opposing sides shall toss and the side winning
the toss shall exercise the choice in either:
a. to serve or received first
b. to start at one end of the court or the other. The side losing the toss shall

then exercise the remaining choice.

1. Both opponents begin the game serving from the right court with zero or love-

all. Anytime you are serving from the court in which you started, your score

should be eve. An illegal serve results in loss of serve and a point for your

opponents.

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 2. Hit the serve diagonally across to your opponent. The feet of the server must be

in the proper court and in contact with the floor until the serve is made.

3. When the receiver is ready the server has only one attempt to put the shuttle into

play with an underhand (below the waist) serve.

4. The receiver can stand anywhere in the proper court but must keep both feet in

contact with the floor until the serve is delivered.

5. The first serve (singles or doubles) is always made from the right side. This
because the server’s score or serving team’s scores is zero, which is an even

number. Any time after the beginning of the game that the server’s score or

serving teams is even (2, 4, 6, 8 and so on), the service is delivered from the right

side. If a point is made and a score is odd (1, 3, 5, 7, and so on), the server serves
from the left side. The server’s score dictates which side he or she serves from.

6. In doubles, one partner starts on the right side and one partner starts on the left

side. Where you start is your even court. If the score is odd, partner should be
opposite of where they started. If a point is made, the server changes courts and
serves diagonally across to the other side.

Scoring System

1. To win a match, you have to win 2 out of 3 games.

2. To win a game, you have to score 21 points.

3. If a score becomes 20-20, the side which scores 2 consecutive points shall win

that game.
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 4. If the score becomes 29-29, the side that scores the 30th point shall win that

game.

5. There are no "service over", meaning you can score a point no matter who serves.
(Rally point system).

6. The side winning the game serves first in the next game

Simplified New Rally points Scoring System

You win the rally and a point if your opponents (common faults in playing

badminton):

1. fails to deliver a legal serve;

2. fails in attempting to return a legal serve;

3. hits the shuttle outside the proper boundary line;

4. hits the shuttle into the net;

5. hits the shuttle two or more times on a return;

6. touches the net with his or her body or racket while the shuttle is in play;
7. let’s the shuttle hit the floor inside the court;

8. deliberately carries or catches the bird on the racket;

9. does anything to hinder or interfere with your return;

10. encroaches under the net with his or her feet, body, or racket;
11. reaches over the net to hit a return;
12. touches the bird anything other than the his/her racket; or

13. fails to keep both feet in contact with the floor while serving or receiving.

BASIC SKILLS

GRIP

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 Starting with a correct badminton grip is the foundation of playing badminton.

Holding the racket wrongly will decrease your stroke's power and accuracy. Your shots

will be limited and therefore you will not enjoy the game as much let alone improve.

Forehand Grip

1. This grip is used to hit shots that are on the forehand

side of your body and around the head shots.

2. Hold the racket head with your non-playing hand so

that the handle points towards you.

3. Your racket face shall be perpendicular to the floor.

4. Place your playing hand on the handle as if you are

shaking hands with it.

5. There shall be a V shape in between your thumb and

your index finger.

6. The racket handle shall rest loosely in your fingers for greater flexibility.
7. You can try shortening your grip and placing it nearer to the shaft to increase

control and accuracy when serving and hitting from the forecourt and midcourt.

Backhand Grip

1. This grip is used to hit shots that are on the

backhand side of your body.
2. Hold the racket as you would on a forehand

grip.

3. Turn the racket anti-clockwise so that the V

shape moves leftwards.

4. Place your thumb against the back bevel of the
handle for greater leverage and power.

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 5. The racket handle shall also rest loosely in your fingers.

6. You can try shortening your grip and placing it nearer to the shaft to increase

control and accuracy when serving and hitting from the forecourt and midcourt.

FOOTWORK

Badminton footwork is the most fundamental skill

that you need to possess in order to become a successful

badminton player. Your opponent will most certainly try to

play every shot away from you and the only way to reach the shuttle is to have a good

footwork.

So how do we define good footwork?

Good badminton footwork is simply having the ability to

reach the shuttle early while

on balance. You can skip,

shuffle, bounce, glide, chase step or lunge on court.

So long as you reach the shuttle fast, depriving your

opponents of time, you can use all the above movement

that suits best to you depending on

the situation.

Although there are no fix

movements on performing the

badminton footwork, there are some

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basic things to remember.

Bent your knees slightly with your feet shoulder width apart. Stay on the balls of your

feet and hold your racket up in front of your body. This is the ready position you shall
assume in the center of the mid-court area.

This center area which can be referred as your base is not fixed. It is an area where you

are in your ready position and can possibly reach all shots hit towards your court.

Position your base accordingly after considering yours and your opponent's strength
and weaknesses.

This is a diagram showing you the direction and area that you have to cover during play.

Unless you are confident where your opponent will play the next shot, try to return to

your base every time after you make a shot. Always be ready to react quickly and be

alert.

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SERVE
Mastering various types of badminton serve is essential if you want to improve
your game. Serving is the starting of a point. Use it not merely as "just a serve" but a

weapon during games.

Types of Service

a. High Serve

Use this badminton serve during singles play to move

your opponent as far back in court as possible, thus

opening up his court. Be
more cautious if you use

this serve during doubles.

Opponents with strong

attacking abilities will work

this serve to your

disadvantage.

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 1. Played with a forehand underarm action.
2. Stand two to three feet behind the short service line.

3. Relax your body and bent your knees slightly.

4. 3Lead with your non-racket leg and place your racket leg behind.

5. Bring your racket back to almost your shoulder level then swing it forward
following the rhythm of the stroke

6. Hold the shuttle by the feathers and let it drop slightly in front of you.

7. Hit it with the flat face of your racket and follow through until your racket reaches

the non-racket side of your head.

b. Low Serve

Use this badminton serve when you want

your opponent to lift the shuttle. It is commonly

used during doubles, but you can use it during

singles too if your opponent's attack is too strong.

You can use either forehand or backhand to play

this serve.

c. Forehand

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1. Stand two to three feet behind the short service

line.
2. Relax your body and bent your knees slightly.

3. Lead with your non-racket leg and place your racket

leg behind.

4. Bring your racket back to your waist level then start

your forward swing.

5. Hold the shuttle by the feathers and bring it closer to meet the racket instead of

dropping it in front.

6. Contact the shuttle at a higher point but still below your waist line.
7. Push the shuttle with the racket face and try to make the shuttle skim the tape of

the net.

If you normally use high serve during singles, mix the low serve in occasionally. You

might be able to catch your opponent off-guard if you can execute it well.

d. Backhand

1. Stand in a comfortable and balanced position

with your racket hand in front.
2. Lead with your racket leg and place your non-

racket leg behind with your feet pointing towards your opponent.

3. Carry out a short back swing then bring the racket forward.

4. Hold the shuttle on the tip of the feathers in front of your waist level.
5. Push the shuttle with the racket face and try to make the shuttle skim the tape of

the net.

6. You can try to shorten the grip for a better control of the racket.
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 7. Beware of breaking the Service Rules.

e. Flick Serve

Use this badminton serve when you are

under pressure from a rushing opponent. It

is a rather useful tool during doubles.

However, you might be left exposed if your

opponent anticipated it. So, use it sparingly

and keep your opponent guessing.

You can use either your forehand or backhand to perform this serve. Give the

impression that you are going to push the shuttle as in the low serve, but instead use

your wrist to flick the shuttle over. Wrist action is the key to executing this serve well.

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f. Drive Serve

Use this badminton serve to add some

variation to your serving game. This is

considered an attacking serve and can be used

in singles and doubles. The shuttle will travel

at a flatter angle pass the net with pace.

It may win you points outright or force a poor

service return if your opponent is unprepared.

However, make sure you contact the shuttle below your waist and not make a service

fault.

1. Played with forehand underarm action.

2. Stand in a comfortable and balanced position, a bit further from the service line.

3. Lead with your non-racket leg and place your racket leg behind.

4. Place your racket a bit below the waist level and bring it back parallel to it.
5. Swing the racket forward following through.

6. Hold the shuttle by the feathers and let it drop slightly sideways to your body.

7. Hit the shuttle and let it pass the net at a flatter angle.

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 References

Badminton.org. Web & Graphic Designs. (2011). Retrieved from

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