D.A.V.
INSTITUTIONS, WEST BENGAL ZONE
SESSION: 2025 – 2026
CLASS: XII CHAPTER: RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
SYNOPSIS/KEYPOINTS/MIND MAP
Types of Relations:
Reflexive Relation: ∀ a ∈ A, (a, a) ∈ R.
Symmetric Relation: If (a, b) ∈ R ⇒ (b, a) ∈ R.
Transitive Relation: If (a, b) ∈ R and (b, c) ∈ R ⇒ (a, c) ∈ R.
Equivalence Relation: A relation that is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive.
Function
A function f from set A to set B (f: A → B) is a correspondence where each element of A has a unique image
in B.
Every function is a relation, but not every relation is a function.
Types of Functions
One-One (Injective): Different elements of domain have different images.
Onto (Surjective): Every element of co- domain is an image of at least one element from domain.
Bijective: Function is both One-One and Onto.
Composition of Functions
If f: A → B and g: B → C, then the composition is:
(g ∘ f)(x) = g(f(x))
Composition is defined only when the range of f is a subset of the domain of g
Inverse of a Function
A function f: A → B has an inverse f⁻¹: B → A only if f is bijective.
f⁻¹(f(x)) = x and f(f⁻¹(y)) = y
MLL
Q.No. Questions Marks
1. Reflexive and transitive but not symmetric relation is 1
A) {(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,2),(2,3),(1,3)} B){(3,3),(1,2),(2,1),(2,3),(3,2)}
C) {(1,1),(2,2)} D) {(1,2),(2,1),(2,3),(3,2)}
2. The relation R = {(a, b), (b, a)} is 1
A) Transitive only B) Only symmetric
C) Reflexive and symmetric D) Only reflexive
3. Find f (2) , if f(x) = x² + 1 1
A) 3 B) 4
C) 2 D) 5
1
4. The domain of the function f(x) = 𝑥−3 is_ 1
A) R B) (3 ,∞)
C) R-{3} D) W
5. Show that the relation R on N given by R = {(a, b): a – b is even} is an equivalence 2
relation.
6. Let A = {1, 2}, B = {3, 4}. Find the number of functions from A to B. 2
7. Determine whether the function f(x) = [x] is one-one and onto. 2
8. Let A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {a, b}. Define relation R from A to B as R = {(x, y) | x is odd}. 3
List the elements of R.
9. If f(x) = 1/x, show that f is not one-one on R. 3
10. A function is represented graphically. The graph passes both the vertical line test and 4
the horizontal line test.
Q1: What does this tell us about the function?
Q2: Is the function injective (one-one)?
Q3: Can the function have an inverse?
11. Prove that the function f: R → R defined by f(x) = 3x – 4 is bijective. 5
HOTS
Q.No. Questions Marks
1. Let R = {(a, b) | a, b ∈ Z, a – b is divisible by 5}. Prove R is an equivalence relation. 2
2. If f(x) = x² – 4x + 3, check onto or not. 2
3. Show that the function f(x) = eˣ is one-one but not onto. 3
4. Check whether the relation R in the set R of real numbers, defined by R = {(a, b): 1 + ab 3
> 0}, is reflexive, symmetric or transitive.
5. Let f: N → R be a function defined as f(x) = 4x 2 + 12x + 15, show that f: N→ S, 5
where S is range of f, is bijective.
ASSESSMENT
Q.No. Questions Marks
1. The function f: R → R: f(x) = sin x is 1
A) one-one B) one-one and onto
C) not one-one D) onto
2. Give an example of a one-one but not onto function on R. 1
A) f(x) = ex B) f(x) = 2x+1
x−1
C) f(x) = x D) f(x) = 2
3. Check the function f: R → R: f(x) = x 5 is. 1
A) one-one and onto B) one- one but not onto
C) only onto D) only one-one
4. The relation R = {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3)} on set A = {1,2,3} is 1
A) Reflexive only B) Transitive only
C) Reflexive and Symmetric D) Symmetric only.
5. Find the number of functions from set A = {1, 2} to B = {3, 4, 5}. 2
6. Prove: Every identity function is bijective. 2
7. Here f(x) is neither one- one nor onto as -1 and 1 have the same image and f(x) taking only 2
the positive real values.
8. Show that f(x) = |x| is neither one-one nor onto on R. 3
9. Prove that the relation R = {(a, b): a² + b² = 25} is not transitive. 3
10. In a company, every employee is paid a monthly salary. Let there be a function f that maps 4
each employee to their monthly salary. This function is defined from the set of employees
to the set of salaries.
Q1: Is this a function?
Q2: Can two different employees have the same salary?
Q3: What kind of function is this – one-one or many-one?
2x+1
11. Show that the function f: R – {3} → R defined by f(x) = is bijective. 5
x−3
