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Vector

The document discusses vector and raster data in GIS, highlighting that vector data represents real-world features through points, lines, and polygons, while raster data is cell-based and characterized by pixel values. Vector data has advantages such as accurate shape representation and topology storage, but requires explicit vertex location and can be processing intensive. Raster data is better for continuously changing values and faster analysis but struggles with linear features and high-quality cartographic needs.

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17 views9 pages

Vector

The document discusses vector and raster data in GIS, highlighting that vector data represents real-world features through points, lines, and polygons, while raster data is cell-based and characterized by pixel values. Vector data has advantages such as accurate shape representation and topology storage, but requires explicit vertex location and can be processing intensive. Raster data is better for continuously changing values and faster analysis but struggles with linear features and high-quality cartographic needs.

Uploaded by

kingdonkohli
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Vector Data

• Vector data provide a way to represent real world features within


the GIS environment.
• A vector feature has its shape represented using geometry.
• The geometry is made up of one or more interconnected vertices.
• A vertex describe a position in space using an x, y and optionally z
axis.
• In the vector data model, features on the earth are represented as:
• points
• lines / routes
• polygons / regions
• TINs (Triangulated Irregular Networks)
Vector Data
• This system of recording features is based on the
interaction between arcs and nodes, represented by
points, lines and polygons.
• A point is a single node, a line is two nodes with an
arc between them.
• A polygon is a closed group of three or more arcs.
• With these three elements , it is possible to record
almost all necessary information.
Vector Data
• Advantages:
• accurately representing true shape and size
• representing non-continuous data (e.g., rivers, political boundaries,
road lines)
• Vectors can store information About topology
• A vector data model uses points stored by their real (earth)
coordinates and so requires a precise coordinate system.
• Geographic Coordinate System Latitude/Longitude
• Cartesian Coordinate Systems X,Y Coordinate system
Vector Data
• Disadvantages:
• The location of each vertex needs to be stored explicitly.
• Vector data must be converted into a topological structure.
• This is often processing intensive and usually requires
extensive data cleaning.
• Updating or editing of the vector data requires re-building
of the topology.
Raster Data
• Raster Data is cell –based data such as aerial imagery and digital
elevation models.
• Raster data is characterized by pixel values.
• Basically, a raster file is a giant table, where each pixel is assigned a
specific value from 0 to 255.
• The meaning behind these values is specified by the user – they can
represent elevations, temperature, hydrology and etc.
Impact of Resolution

Portraying large areas at


Storage space increases by
high
the square of the
precision is problematic
resolution
Raster Data
• Advantages:
• Raster is the best way to store continuously changing
values such as elevation, slope.
• Analysis faster and more flexible then vector for
many application.
• Rapid computations ("map algebra") in which raster
layers are treated as elements in mathematical
expressions
Raster Data
• Disadvantages:
• It is especially difficult to adequately represent linear features
depending on the cell resolution.
• Network linkages are difficult to establish.
• Processing of associated attribute data may be cumbersome if large
amounts of data exists.
• Raster maps inherently reflect only one attribute or characteristic
for an area.
• Most output maps from grid-cell systems do not conform to high-
quality cartographic needs.
Vector Vs Raster model

Vector Model Raster Model

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