PHARMA COLLEGE HAWASSA
CAMPUS
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY
PHARMACETICAL ANALYSIS 2 INDIVIDUAL LAB REPORT
NAME: - ERDACHEW BEKELE
ID: - 29698-14
SECTION: - 5
SUBMITED TO: - PROFFESER ERMIAS
#1 Determining Lambda Max with UV-Vis Spectrophotometry
Introduction:
We used UV-Visible spectrophotometry to determine a substance's
maximum absorbance wavelength (λ max). This is key for identifying
and quantifying compounds. λ max tells us about electronic
transitions and structural details. We measured the absorbance
across a range of wavelengths, calculated molar absorptivity (E
max), and transmittance.
Chemicals and Apparatus:
• Sample solution
• Solvent
• UV-Vis Spectrophotometer
• Cuvettes
• Pipettes
• Volumetric flasks
Procedure:
1. We prepared the sample solution.
2. We calibrated the UV-Vis spectrophotometer.
3. We measured absorbance from 700 nm to 380 nm.
4. We recorded absorbance values.
5. We calculated λ max, E max, absorbance, and transmittance.
Results:
Concentration Absorbance
690 0
680 0 510 0.404
670 0.006
500 0.454
660 0.021
490 0.527
650 0.028
480 0.582
640 0.035
470 0.662
630 0.040
460 0.727
620 0.049
450 0.799
610 0.064
440 0.944
600 0.083
430 0.242
590 0.099
420 0.225
580 0.117
410 0.263
570 0.140
400 0.335
560 0.261
390 0.428
550 0.263
380 0.929
540 0.283
530 0.321
520 0.364
• A. λ max: We found λ max at 430 nm (absorbance of 0.944).
• B. E max: We calculated E max to be 0.944 L·mol⁻¹·cm⁻¹ using
Beer-Lambert's Law.
• C. Absorbance: We recorded all the measured values.
• D. Transmittance: We calculated transmittance, for example,
about 0.036% at 430 nm.
Conclusions:
We successfully identified the sample's λ max as 430 nm. Our
calculated molar absorptivity was 0.944 L·mol⁻¹·cm⁻¹. We also
calculated transmittance values. This analysis gives us essential
insights into the optical properties of the sample.
Lab report 2
#2 Determining an Unknown Concentration using UV-Vis
Spectrophotometry
Introduction:
We used UV-Visible spectrophotometry to quantify a substance
based on its light absorption. Our goal was to find the concentration
of an unknown compound using a calibration curve and Beer-
Lambert Law.
Chemicals:
• Known standard compound (concentration specified)
• Unknown solution of the same compound
• Solvent (e.g., distilled water, ethanol)
Apparatus:
• UV-Vis Spectrophotometer
• Cuvettes
• Volumetric flasks and pipettes
• Analytical balance
Procedure:
1. We prepared standard solutions of the known compound at
varying concentrations.
2. We prepared a blank solution using only the solvent.
3. We measured the absorbance of standards and the blank using
the spectrophotometer.
4. We measured the absorbance of the unknown solution.
Results:
• Calibration Curve: We plotted absorbance against concentration
for the standards.
• Slope and Intercept: We determined these from the calibration
curve.
• Equation of the Line: We expressed it as y = mx + c.
• Unknown Concentration: We used the equation and the unknown
absorbance to calculate its concentration.
Concentration Absorbance
1.5 molar 0.15
2.5 molar 0.443
3.5 molar 0.462
Unknown conc. 0.444
Example (Illustrative):
• Using a calibration equation of y = 0.1x + 0.1
• With an unknown absorbance of 0.444, we calculated a
concentration of 3.44 M
Conclusion:
We successfully determined the concentration of an unknown
compound using UV-Visible spectrophotometry and a calibration
curve. Our derived linear equation enabled us to calculate the
concentration based on its absorbance. The accuracy depends on
the calibration curve and the compound adhering to Beer-Lambert's
Law. More data points, particularly in the 2.5M to 3.5M range,
would increase the reliability of the calibration curve.
