1

long-type questions based on Chapter 2: Socialism in

Europe and the Russian Revolution

1. Explain the causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution of 1917.

*(Focus on economic, social, and political factors, as well as the impact on Russia
and the world.)

2. Compare the ideologies of liberals, radicals, and conservatives in Europe during

the 19th century.
*(Discuss their views on government, society, and economy with examples.)

3. Describe the role of Lenin in the Russian Revolution. How did his ideas shape the
Bolshevik government?
*(Include April Theses, War Communism, and the New Economic Policy.)*

4. What were the social, economic, and political conditions in Russia before the
1905 Revolution?
*(Mention autocracy, peasants' conditions, industrialization, and Bloody Sunday.)

5. How did the First World War contribute to the downfall of Tsar Nicholas II?
*(Discuss military failures, economic hardships, and public discontent.)

6. Explain the changes introduced by the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution
(1917).
*(Land reforms, industry nationalization, women’s rights, and withdrawal from
WWI.)

7. What was the significance of the February and October Revolutions in Russia?
(Differentiate between the two revolutions and their outcomes.)

8. Discuss the impact of the Russian Revolution on global politics.

(Spread of socialist ideas, formation of USSR, and influence on anti-colonial
movements.)

9. How did socialism appeal to different groups in Russia?

(Workers, peasants, soldiers, and intellectuals—explain their expectations from
socialism.)

10. What were the main features of Stalin’s collectivization program? Evaluate its
effects on Soviet agriculture.
(Forced collectivization, elimination of kulaks, and famines.)

---
 2

The Rise of Socialism in Europe

11. What were the main ideas of socialism that emerged in 19th-century Europe?
How did they challenge capitalism?
*(Discuss thinkers like Karl Marx, Robert Owen, and the concept of class struggle.)

12. Explain the differences between ‘liberals’, ‘radicals’, and ‘conservatives’ in early
20th-century Europe.
*(Focus on their views on democracy, property rights, and social change.)

13. How did industrialization in Europe create conditions for the rise of socialist
ideas?
*(Mention working-class exploitation, poor living conditions, and demand for
workers’ rights.)

---

Conditions in Russia Before the Revolution

14.Describe the social structure of Russia before 1917. Why was there widespread
discontent among different classes?
*(Peasants, workers, nobility, and the autocratic rule of the Tsar.)

15. What was the significance of the 1905 Revolution? Why did it fail to bring major
changes in Russia?
*(Bloody Sunday, October Manifesto, and the Tsar’s broken promises.)

16. How did the First World War worsen the conditions in Russia and lead to the
February Revolution of 1917?
*(Military defeats, food shortages, and the collapse of the monarchy.)

---

The Russian Revolution of 1917

17.vCompare and contrast the February Revolution and the October Revolution of
1917.
*(Aims, leadership, outcomes—Provisional Government vs. Bolshevik takeover.)

18. What were Lenin’s ‘April Theses’? How did they influence the course of the
Russian Revolution?
*(Demands for peace, land redistribution, and workers’ control.)*
 3

19. Why did the Bolsheviks gain popularity among workers, peasants, and soldiers
in 1917?
*(Slogans like "Peace, Land, and Bread" and opposition to the Provisional
Government.)

20. Explain the role of the Petrograd Soviet and the Bolsheviks in the October
Revolution.
*(Dual power, Trotsky’s Red Guards, and storming of the Winter Palace.)*

---

Aftermath of the Revolution & Stalin’s Rule

21.What changes did the Bolsheviks bring in Russia after the October Revolution?**
*(Land decree, nationalization of industries, withdrawal from WWI, and women’s
rights.)*

22. Why did the Russian Civil War (1918–1921) break out? What was its impact on
the country?
*(Reds vs. Whites, foreign intervention, and war communism.)*

23. What was the New Economic Policy (NEP)? Why did Lenin introduce it, and what
were its effects?
*(Partial return to private trade, recovery after war communism.)*

24. Discuss Stalin’s policies of collectivization and industrialization. How did they
transform the Soviet economy?
*(Five-Year Plans, forced collectivization, and suppression of kulaks.)

**25. What were the major criticisms of Stalin’s rule?

*(Purges, famines, suppression of dissent, and authoritarianism.)

---

Global Impact of the Russian Revolution

26. How did the Russian Revolution inspire socialist movements around the world?
*(Impact on Europe, Asia, and anti-colonial struggles.)

27. What was the Comintern? How did it promote communist ideas globally?
*(Lenin’s international socialist organization.)

28.Why did the Russian Revolution create fear among capitalist nations?
*(Spread of communism, workers’ uprisings, and the Cold War context.)
 4

---

Critical Analysis & Long-Answer Questions

29."The Russian Revolution was not just a political revolution but a social and
economic revolution." Justify this statement.
(Discuss changes in class structure, land ownership, and workers’ rights.)

30.Evaluate the successes and failures of the Bolshevik government by 1924 (after
Lenin’s death)
(Achievements in equality vs. challenges like civil war and economic crises.)

31.Do you think the Russian Revolution achieved its goals? Give arguments for and
against.
(Equality vs. dictatorship, socialism vs. suffering under Stalin.)

---

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Section A: Socialism in Europe

1. **Who among the following was a socialist thinker who believed in the idea of a
classless society?**
a) Adam Smith
b) Karl Marx
c) Winston Churchill
d) Tsar Nicholas II

**Answer:** b) Karl Marx

2. **Liberals in Europe during the 19th century supported:**

a) Absolute monarchy
b) Universal suffrage for men and women
c) Limited government and individual rights
d) State control over all property

**Answer:** c) Limited government and individual rights

 5

3. **The term ‘Suffragette’ was associated with:**

a) Workers’ strikes
b) Women demanding voting rights
c) Peasant uprisings
d) Soldiers’ mutinies

**Answer:** b) Women demanding voting rights

4. **Which group wanted radical changes in society and government to create

equality?**
a) Conservatives
b) Liberals
c) Radicals
d) Autocrats

**Answer:** c) Radicals

---

Section B: The Russian Revolution (1905-1917)

5. **The event known as ‘Bloody Sunday’ (1905) was associated with:**

a) The execution of Tsar Nicholas II
b) A peaceful workers' protest being fired upon
c) The Bolshevik Revolution
d) The start of World War I

**Answer:** b) A peaceful workers' protest being fired upon

6. **Which of the following was NOT a cause of the 1905 Revolution in Russia?**
a) Poor working conditions
b) Autocratic rule of the Tsar
c) Russia’s victory in World War I
d) Widespread peasant unrest

**Answer:** c) Russia’s victory in World War I

7. **The Duma was:**

a) A secret police force
b) An elected parliament created after 1905
c) A group of Bolshevik leaders
d) A peasant commune

**Answer:** b) An elected parliament created after 1905

 6

8. **Which war severely weakened Russia and led to the February Revolution?**
a) The Crimean War
b) World War I
c) The Russo-Japanese War
d) The Napoleonic Wars

**Answer:** b) World War I

9. **The February Revolution of 1917 resulted in:**

a) The rise of Lenin
b) The abdication of Tsar Nicholas II
c) The establishment of Stalin’s rule
d) The end of socialism in Russia

**Answer:** b) The abdication of Tsar Nicholas II

10. **The Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution
was led by:**
a) Lenin
b) Kerensky
c) Trotsky
d) Stalin

**Answer:** b) Kerensky

---

Section C: The Bolshevik Revolution & Aftermath

11. **Lenin’s ‘April Theses’ demanded:**

a) Continuation of World War I
b) All power to the Soviets, land to peasants, and end to war
c) Restoration of the Tsar
d) Privatization of industries

**Answer:** b) All power to the Soviets, land to peasants, and end to war

12. **The Bolshevik Party was also known as:**

a) The Mensheviks
b) The Communist Party
c) The Socialist Revolutionaries
d) The White Army
 7

**Answer:** b) The Communist Party

13. **The slogan “Peace, Land, and Bread” was associated with:**
a) The Tsar
b) The Provisional Government
c) The Bolsheviks
d) The Conservatives

**Answer:** c) The Bolsheviks

14. **The Bolsheviks seized power in the:**

a) February Revolution
b) October Revolution
c) 1905 Revolution
d) Industrial Revolution

**Answer:** b) October Revolution

15. **Which policy introduced by Lenin allowed some private trade to revive the
economy?**
a) War Communism
b) Collectivization
c) New Economic Policy (NEP)
d) Five-Year Plan

**Answer:** c) New Economic Policy (NEP)

---

Section D: Stalin’s Rule & Global Impact

16. **Stalin’s collectivization program aimed to:**

a) Promote individual farming
b) Combine small farms into large state-controlled farms
c) Encourage foreign investment
d) Restore the monarchy

**Answer:** b) Combine small farms into large state-controlled farms

17. **The secret police under Stalin were called:**

a) Cheka
b) NKVD
c) KGB
d) Red Guards
 8

**Answer:** b) NKVD

18. **The Comintern (Communist International) was formed to:**

a) Support capitalist economies
b) Spread socialist revolutions worldwide
c) Promote Tsarist rule
d) Oppose workers’ rights

**Answer:** b) Spread socialist revolutions worldwide

19. **Which of the following was a consequence of the Russian Revolution?**

a) Strengthening of European monarchies
b) Formation of the USSR (1922)
c) Decline of socialist ideas
d) Immediate economic prosperity

**Answer:** b) Formation of the USSR (1922)

20. **Stalin’s Five-Year Plans focused on:**

a) Agricultural reforms only
b) Rapid industrialization
c) Promoting democracy
d) Reducing state control

**Answer:** b) Rapid industrialization

---

**Section A: Socialism in Europe**

1. **Who wrote 'The Communist Manifesto'?**

a) Lenin
b) Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
c) Trotsky
d) Adam Smith

2. **Socialists advocated for:**

a) Private ownership of industries
b) Collective ownership of property
c) Absolute monarchy
d) Colonial expansion
 9

3. **Which group opposed radical changes in society?**

a) Liberals
b) Conservatives
c) Radicals
d) Socialists

---

**Section B: Russia Before 1917**

4. **Russia's economy in 1914 was primarily:**
a) Industrial
b) Agricultural
c) Service-based
d) Colonial

5. **The 'Kulaks' were:**

a) Industrial workers
b) Wealthy peasants
c) Soldiers
d) Nobles

6. **Bloody Sunday (1905) was a protest led by:**

a) Lenin
b) Father Gapon
c) Kerensky
d) Stalin

---
**Section C: 1917 Revolutions**

7. **The February Revolution led to:**

a) Tsar's abdication
b) Bolshevik rule
c) End of WWI
d) Stalin's rise

8. **The Provisional Government failed because it:**

a) Continued WWI
b) Gave land to peasants
c) Supported the Tsar
d) Banned socialism

9. **Lenin returned to Russia in 1917 with help from:**

a) USA
 10

b) Germany
c) Britain
d) France

---
**Section D: Bolshevik Policies**

10. **The Cheka was:**

a) A peasant union
b) Secret police
c) A socialist newspaper
d) An industrial policy

11. **War Communism involved:**

a) Free market policies
b) Grain requisitioning
c) Private trade
d) Democracy

12. **The NEP (1921) allowed:**

a) Limited capitalism
b) Complete state control
c) Foreign rule
d) Tsarist revival

---

**Section E: Stalin's Era**

13. **Collectivization aimed to:**

a) Help kulaks
b) Merge small farms
c) Promote handicrafts
d) Restore feudalism

14. **Stalin's Five-Year Plans focused on:**

a) Agriculture
b) Heavy industry
c) Education
d) Religion

15. **The Great Purge targeted:**

a) Foreign spies
b) Stalin's political rivals
 11

c) Peasants
d) Artists

16. **Which country was NOT part of the USSR?**

a) Ukraine
b) Belarus
c) Poland
d) Georgia

17. **The Russian Revolution inspired movements in:**

a) India & China
b) USA & UK
c) Africa & Australia
d) None

---

**Answer Key**

| Q | Ans | Q | Ans | Q | Ans |

|---|-----|---|-----|---|-----|
| 1 | b | 11 | b | 21 | a |
| 2 | b | 12 | a | 22 | b |
| 3 | b | 13 | b | 23 | b |
| 4 | b | 14 | b | 24 | a |
| 5 | b | 15 | b | 25 | c |
| 6 | b | 16 | a | 26 | a |
| 7 | a | 17 | c | 27 | b |
| 8 | a | 18 | a | 28 | a |
| 9 | b | 19 | b | 29 | b |
|10 | b | 20 | b | 30 | a |

fill-in-the-blank questions

**Section A: Socialism in Europe**

1. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote *__________*. (*The Communist Manifesto*)
 12

2. Socialists believed industries should be owned by the __________.

(*state/workers*)
3. Liberals wanted a __________ elected by people. (*government/parliament*)
4. The term ‘suffrage’ means the right to __________. (*vote*)
5. Conservatives wanted to preserve __________ and traditional institutions.
(*monarchy*)

---

**Section B: Russia Before 1917**

6. In 1914, Russia was ruled by Tsar __________. (*Nicholas II*)

7. The majority of Russians were __________ dependent on agriculture. (*peasants*)
8. The Russian Socialist Democratic Labour Party split into __________ and
Bolsheviks. (*Mensheviks*)
9. The 1905 Revolution began after the event called __________. (*Bloody Sunday*)
10. The Tsar’s secret police was called __________. (*Okhrana*)

---

**Section C: World War I & Revolutions**

11. Russia’s participation in __________ weakened its economy. (*World War I*)
12. The February Revolution (1917) forced Tsar Nicholas II to __________.
(*abdicate*)
13. After the Tsar’s fall, the __________ Government took power. (*Provisional*)
14. Lenin’s slogan was “Peace, __________, and Bread.” (*Land*)
15. The Bolsheviks were led by __________. (*Lenin*)

---

**Section D: October Revolution & Bolshevik Rule**

16. The Bolshevik Revolution occurred in __________ 1917. (*October*)

17. The Bolsheviks stormed the __________ Palace to seize power. (*Winter*)
18. The new Bolshevik government was called the __________ of People’s
Commissars. (*Council*)
19. The Bolsheviks signed the Treaty of __________ to exit WWI. (*Brest-Litovsk*)
20. The secret police under Bolsheviks was called __________. (*Cheka*)

---

**Section E: Civil War & NEP**

 13

21. The __________ Army (anti-Bolsheviks) fought the Reds in the Civil War. (*White*)
22. __________ was the policy of seizing grain from peasants during the Civil War.
(*War Communism*)
23. The __________ Policy (NEP) allowed small-scale private trade. (*New Economic*)
24. The USSR was formed in __________. (*1922*)
25. The Bolshevik Party was renamed the __________ Party. (*Communist*)

---

**Section F: Stalin’s Era**

26. Stalin introduced __________ to industrialize the USSR. (*Five-Year Plans*)

27. __________ was the forced consolidation of individual farms. (*Collectivization*)
28. Wealthy peasants who resisted collectivization were called __________. (*kulaks*)
29. The __________ famine (1932-33) resulted from Stalin’s policies. (*Holodomor*)
30. Stalin’s purges targeted his political __________. (*rivals*)

---

**Section G: Global Impact**

31. The Communist International (Comintern) aimed to spread __________ worldwide.

(*socialism*)
32. The Russian Revolution inspired __________ movements in colonies. (*anti-
colonial*)
33. In 1918, the Bolsheviks nationalized __________ and industries. (*banks*)
34. The Bolsheviks promoted __________ equality for women. (*gender*)
35. The USSR’s constitution promised __________ to all republics. (*autonomy*)

---

36. The Duma was Russia’s __________. (*parliament*)

37. The Petrograd Soviet was a council of __________ and soldiers. (*workers*)
38. Kerensky headed the __________ Government. (*Provisional*)
39. Trotsky organized the __________ Army. (*Red*)
40. The Bolsheviks opposed __________ participation in WWI. (*Russia’s*)
41. Lenin’s April Theses demanded “All power to the __________.” (*Soviets*)
42. The Bolsheviks abolished __________ ownership of land. (*private*)
43. Stalin’s industrial projects focused on __________ goods. (*heavy*)
44. The __________ was Stalin’s propaganda tool. (*Pravda*)
45. The USSR’s full form is __________. (*Union of Soviet Socialist Republics*)
46. The Bolsheviks promoted __________ education. (*secular*)
47. The 1905 Revolution led to the creation of the __________. (*Duma*)
 14

48. The Tsar’s family was executed in __________. (*1918*)

49. The Red Army was led by __________. (*Trotsky*)
50. The Bolsheviks dissolved the __________ Assembly in 1918. (*Constituent*)

---

Assertion-Reason questions

**Section A: Socialism in Europe**

1. **Assertion (A):** Karl Marx believed capitalism would inevitably be overthrown

by workers.
**Reason (R):** Capitalism created its own "gravediggers" by exploiting the
proletariat.

**Options:**

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R re true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.

**Answer:** (a)

2. **A:** Liberals in 19th century Europe wanted representative governments.

**R:** They believed in individual rights and constitutionalism.
**Options:** Same as above
**Answer:** (a)

3. **A:** Socialists opposed private ownership of industries.

**R:** They believed it led to unequal distribution of wealth.
**Answer:** (a)

---

**Section B: Russia Before 1917**

4. **A:** Russia's participation in WWI was disastrous.

**R:** Its army was poorly equipped and led.
**Answer:** (a)

5. **A:** The 1905 Revolution failed to overthrow Tsarism.

 15

**R:** The Tsar made promises of reform but later suppressed dissent.
**Answer:** (a)

6. **A:** Bloody Sunday marked the beginning of the 1905 Revolution.

**R:** Peaceful protestors were fired upon by imperial guards.
**Answer:** (a)

---

**Section C: 1917 Revolutions**

7. **A:** The February Revolution was spontaneous.

**R:** It was caused by food shortages and war-weariness.
**Answer:** (a)

8. **A:** The Provisional Government continued Russia's participation in WWI.

**R:** It feared losing support from Allied powers.
**Answer:** (b) [Both true but R doesn't fully explain A]

9. **A:** Lenin's April Theses demanded "All power to the Soviets".

**R:** He wanted to transfer authority to workers' councils.
**Answer:** (a)

---

*Section D: Bolshevik Policies**

10. **A:** The Bolsheviks redistributed land to peasants.

**R:** They wanted to implement socialist policies immediately.
**Answer:** (a)

11. **A:** War Communism led to economic collapse.

**R:** It involved forced grain requisitioning from peasants.
**Answer:** (a)

12. **A:** The NEP allowed some private enterprise.

**R:** Lenin wanted to revive the economy after civil war.
**Answer:** (a)

---

**Section E: Stalin's Era**

13. **A:** Collectivization caused widespread famine.

 16

**R:** Peasants resisted by destroying their crops and livestock.

**Answer:** (a)

14. **A:** The Five-Year Plans prioritized heavy industry.

**R:** Stalin wanted to make USSR militarily strong.
**Answer:** (a)

15. **A:** The Great Purge eliminated Stalin's rivals.

**R:** Stalin wanted absolute control over the party.
**Answer:** (a)

---

*Section F: Global Impact**

16. **A:** The Russian Revolution inspired colonial freedom movements.

**R:** It showed that imperial powers could be challenged.
**Answer:** (a)

17. **A:** The Comintern was established in 1919.

**R:** Bolsheviks wanted to spread revolution worldwide.
**Answer:** (a)

18. **A:** Western powers intervened in the Russian Civil War.

**R:** They feared the spread of communism.
**Answer:** (a)

---

19. **A:** The Tsar's autocratic rule was unpopular.

**R:** He refused to share power with the Duma.
**Answer:** (a)

20. **A:** Kerensky's Provisional Government was weak.

**R:** It couldn't solve Russia's immediate problems.
**Answer:** (a)

---

**A:** The Tsar’s autocracy was unpopular.

**R:** He ignored public demands for reforms.
**Answer:** (A) Both A and R are true, and R explains A.
 17

22. **A:** The 1905 Revolution failed to overthrow the Tsar.

**R:** The Tsar promised reforms but later suppressed dissent.
**Answer:** (A) Both A and R are true, and R explains A.

23. **A:** Lenin returned to Russia in 1917 with German help.

**R:** Germany wanted Russia to exit WWI.
**Answer:** (A) Both A and R are true, and R explains A.

24. **A:** The Bolsheviks banned other political parties.

**R:** They wanted a one-party state.
**Answer:** (A) Both A and R are true, and R explains A.

25. **A:** Stalin’s collectivization caused famines.

**R:** Forced grain seizures left peasants without food.
**Answer:** (A) Both A and R are true, and R explains A.

26. **A:** The USSR was formed in 1922.

**R:** Bolsheviks united Russia and neighboring regions.
**Answer:** (A) Both A and R are true, and R explains A.

27. **A:** The Bolsheviks promoted women’s rights.

**R:** They believed in gender equality.
**Answer:** (A) Both A and R are true, and R explains A.

28. **A:** The Red Army won the Civil War.

**R:** Trotsky’s leadership was effective.
**Answer:** (A) Both A and R are true, and R explains A.

29. **A:** Stalin’s industrialization focused on heavy industry.

**R:** He wanted military and economic self-sufficiency.
**Answer:** (A) Both A and R are true, and R explains A.

30. **A:** The Russian Revolution scared capitalist nations.

**R:** They feared workers’ uprisings in their own countries.
**Answer:** (A) Both A and R are true, and R explains A.
 18

True/False questions

**Section A: Socialism in Europe**

1. Karl Marx wrote *The Communist Manifesto* with Friedrich Engels.

**Answer: True**

2. Liberals in 19th-century Europe supported absolute monarchy.

**Answer: False**

3. Socialists believed industries should be privately owned.

**Answer: False**

4. The term ‘suffrage’ refers to the right to free speech.

**Answer: False**

5. Conservatives wanted to preserve traditional institutions like the monarchy.

**Answer: True**

---

*Section B: Russia Before 1917**

6. Tsar Nicholas II ruled Russia in 1914.

**Answer: True**

7. Most Russians in 1914 were industrial workers.

**Answer: False**

8. The Bolsheviks and Mensheviks were factions of the same party.

**Answer: True**

9. Bloody Sunday occurred in 1917.

**Answer: False** (1905)

10. The Okhrana was the Tsar’s secret police.

**Answer: True**

---

**Section C: World War I & Revolutions**

11. Russia performed exceptionally well in World War I.

 19

**Answer: False**

12. The February Revolution forced Tsar Nicholas II to abdicate.

**Answer: True**

13. The Provisional Government was led by Lenin.

**Answer: False** (Kerensky)

14. Lenin’s slogan was “Peace, Land, and Bread.”

**Answer: True**

15. The Bolsheviks were moderate socialists.

**Answer: False** (Radical)

---

**Section D: October Revolution & Bolshevik Rule**

16. The Bolshevik Revolution happened in November 1917 (Gregorian calendar).

**Answer: True**

17. The Winter Palace was stormed by the Mensheviks.

**Answer: False** (Bolsheviks)

18. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ended Russia’s involvement in WWI.

**Answer: True**

19. The Cheka was the Bolshevik secret police.

**Answer: True**

20. War Communism encouraged free market trade.

**Answer: False**

---

**Section E: Civil War & NEP**

21. The Red Army supported the Tsar.

**Answer: False** (Anti-Tsar)

22. The New Economic Policy (NEP) allowed small-scale capitalism.

**Answer: True**

23. The USSR was formed in 1917.

 20

**Answer: False** (1922)

24. The Bolshevik Party renamed itself the Communist Party.

**Answer: True**

25. Lenin died in 1924.

**Answer: True**

---

**Section F: Stalin’s Era**

26. Stalin’s Five-Year Plans focused on agriculture only.

**Answer: False** (Industry)

27. Collectivization forced peasants onto state farms.

**Answer: True**

28. Kulaks were poor peasants who supported Stalin.

**Answer: False** (Wealthy resisters)

29. The Holodomor famine was caused by natural disasters.

**Answer: False** (Policy-induced)

30. Stalin’s purges targeted only foreign spies.

**Answer: False** (Political rivals too)

---

**Section G: Global Impact**

31. The Comintern aimed to spread capitalism globally.

**Answer: False** (Communism)

32. The Russian Revolution inspired anti-colonial movements.

**Answer: True**

33. The Bolsheviks nationalized banks and industries.

**Answer: True**

34. Women gained equal rights under the Bolsheviks.

**Answer: True**

35. The USSR was a federation of republics.

 21

**Answer: True**

---

36. The Duma was Russia’s elected parliament.

**Answer: True**

37. The Petrograd Soviet represented nobles only.

**Answer: False** (Workers/soldiers)

38. Kerensky was a Bolshevik leader.

**Answer: False** (Provisional Govt.)

39. Trotsky led the White Army.

**Answer: False** (Red Army)

40. The Bolsheviks supported Russia’s continued participation in WWI.

**Answer: False**

41. Lenin’s April Theses demanded “All power to the Soviets.”

**Answer: True**

42. The Bolsheviks abolished all private property.

**Answer: True**

43. Stalin’s industrialization focused on consumer goods.

**Answer: False** (Heavy industry)

44. *Pravda* was the Bolshevik newspaper.

**Answer: True**

45. The USSR’s full name was the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
**Answer: True**

46. The Bolsheviks promoted religious education.

**Answer: False** (Secular)

47. The 1905 Revolution established a democratic Russia.

**Answer: False**

48. The Tsar’s family was executed in 1918.

**Answer: True**

49. The Red Army lost the Civil War.

 22

**Answer: False**

50. The Constituent Assembly was dissolved by the Bolsheviks.

**Answer: True**

---

Match the Following questions---

**Set 1: Key Figures**

**Column A** | **Column B**

---|---
1. Karl Marx | (a) Leader of Bolshevik Revolution
2. Tsar Nicholas II | (b) Author of *Communist Manifesto*
3. Lenin | (c) Last Russian Emperor
4. Stalin | (d) Introduced Five-Year Plans
5. Trotsky | (e) Organized Red Army

**Answers:**
1-b, 2-c, 3-a, 4-d, 5-e

---

**Set 2: Events & Years**

**Column A** | **Column B**
---|---
1. Bloody Sunday | (a) 1917
2. February Revolution | (b) 1905
3. October Revolution | (c) 1922
4. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | (d) 1918
5. USSR formed | (e) 1917

**Answers:**
1-b, 2-a, 3-e, 4-d, 5-c

---

**Set 3: Key Terms**

**Column A** | **Column B**

---|---
 23

1. Duma | (a) Secret police under Tsar

2. Cheka | (b) Bolshevik secret police
3. Kulaks | (c) Russian Parliament
4. NEP | (d) Wealthy peasants
5. Sovnarkom | (e) New Economic Policy

**Answers:**
1-c, 2-b, 3-d, 4-e, 5-a

---

**Set 4: Policies & Outcomes**

**Column A** | **Column B**

---|---
1. War Communism | (a) Allowed private trade
2. Collectivization | (b) Forced grain requisitioning
3. Five-Year Plans | (c) State-controlled farms
4. NEP | (d) Industrialization drive
5. Great Purge | (e) Elimination of Stalin's rivals

**Answers:**
1-b, 2-c, 3-d, 4-a, 5-e

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Set 5: Global Impact**

**Column A** | **Column B**

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1. Comintern | (a) Anti-Bolshevik forces
2. Red Army | (b) Spread communism globally
3. White Army | (c) Bolshevik military force
4. *Pravda* | (d) Russian Orthodox Church
5. Holodomor | (e) Bolshevik newspaper

**Answers:**
1-b, 2-c, 3-a, 4-e, 5-d

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