Tutorial no.
1. Classify the following systems as open, closed, or isolated:
a) A mass of gas in a container with rigid, impermeable, diathermal wall,
b) A mass of gas in a container with rigid, impermeable, adiabatic wall,
c) A sugar solution enclosed by a membrane permermeable only to water that is immersed
in a large container of water.
2. Give an example of a process in which no heat is transferred to or from the system but the
temperature of the system changes.
3. If you heat the air inside a rigid, sealed container until its Kelvin temperature doubles, the air
pressure in the container will also double. Is the same thing true if you double the Celsius
temperature of the air in the container? Explain.
4. A newspaper article about the weather states that “the temperature of a body measures
how much heat the body contains.” Is this description correct? Why or why not?
5. To raise the temperature of an object, must add heat to it? If you add heat to an object, must
you raise its temperature? Explain.
6. If system A is in thermal equilibrium with system B, but B is not in thermal equilibrium with
system C, what can you say about the temperatures of A, B, and C?
7. Is it possible for two objects to be in thermal equilibrium if they are not in contact with each
other? Explain.
8. A piece of copper is dropped into a beaker of water. If the water’s temperature increases,
what happens to the temperature of the copper? Under what conditions are the water and
copper in thermal equilibrium?
9. Two identical cylinders at the same temperature each contain the same kind of gas and the
same number of moles of gas. If the volume of cylinder A is three times greater than the
volume of cylinder B, what can you say about the relative pressures in the cylinders?
10. There is a temperature whose numerical value is the same on both the Celsius and
Fahrenheit scales. What is this temperature?
11. Why does the air pressure in a car tyre increase during driving?
12. State and explain Joule- Thomson Effect.
13. How can you show that Joule-Thomson effect is isenthalpic?
14. What is the Joule-Thomson Effect? Why does it cause a cooling effect?
15. Why is the Joule-Thomson coefficient of an ideal gas, zero?
16. The mass of a hot-air balloon and its cargo (not including the air inside) is 200 kg. The air
outside is at 10.0°C and 101 kPa. The volume of the balloon is 400 m3. To what temperature
must the air in the balloon be heated before the balloon will lift off? (Air density at 10.0°C is
1.25 kg/m3.)
17. An automobile tire is inflated with air originally at 10.0°C and normal atmospheric pressure.
During the process, the air is compressed to 28.0% of its original volume and its temperature
is increased to 40.0°C. (a) What is the tire pressure? (b) After the car is driven at high speed,
the tire air temperature rises to 85.0°C and the interior volume of the tire increases by
2.00%. What is the new tire pressure (absolute) in pascals?
18. The pressure gauge on a tank registers the gauge pressure, which is the difference between
the interior and exterior pressures. When the tank is full of oxygen (O 2), it contains 12.0 kg of
the gas at a gauge pressure of 40.0 atm. Determine the mass of oxygen that has been
withdrawn from the tank when the pressure reading is 25.0 atm. Assume that the
temperature of the tank remains constant
19. Two beakers of water, A and B initially are at the same temperature. The temperature of
the water in beaker A is increased 10 F, and the temperature of the water in beaker B is
increased 10 K. After these temperature changes, which beaker of water has the higher
temperature? Explain.
20. You put a bottle of soft drink in a refrigerator and leave it until its temperature has dropped
10.0 K. What is its temperature change in (a) F and (c) C?
21. (a) Calculate the one temperature at which Fahrenheit and Celsius thermometers agree
with each other. (b) Calculate the one temperature at which Fahrenheit and Kelvin
thermometer agree with each other.
22. A gas thermometer registers an absolute pressure corresponding to 325 mm of mercury
when in contact with water at the triple point. What pressure does it read when in contact
with water at the normal boiling point?
23. The pressure of a gas at the triple point of water is 1.35 atm. If its volume remains
unchanged, what will its pressure be at the temperature at which CO2 solidifies?
24. A constant-Volume Gas Thermometer. An experimenter using a gas thermometer found the
pressure at the triple point of water (0.01C) to be 4.80 104 Pa and the pressure at the
normal boiling point (100 C) to be 6.50 104 Pa. (a) Assuming that the pressure varies
linearly with temperature, use these two data points to find the Celsius temperature at
which the gas pressure would be zero (that is, find the Celsius temperature of absolute zero).
(b) Does the gas in this thermometer obey Constant-Volume Gas Thermometer Precisely? If
that equation were precisely obeyed and the pressure at 100 C were 6.50 104 Pa, what
pressure would the experimenter have measured at 0.01C?
