SYAAM JI CONSTRUCTION PRIVATE LIMITED

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC MANESAR

CIVIL(C1)
BATCH- 2023-26

• Name: Anshika Dwivedi

• Roll No.: 230070724007
• Section: C1
Overview:
• Training Location: SYAAM ji construction Private Limited Sidhi Madhyapradesh
• Plant head: Mr. Jitendra tiwari
• Quality Incharge: Mr. Prashant
• Focus: Quality based construction and testing on Indian Standard Code for concrete
Key Tests Performed:
1.Slump Test: Measures the workability of fresh concrete.
2.Compressive Strength Test: Assesses the strength of hardened concrete.
3.Water-Cement Ratio Test: Ensures the correct proportion of water and cement.
4.Aggregate Testing: Checks the quality of fine and coarse aggregates.

Conclusion:
•Summary of Experience: Gained practical knowledge in quality testing of concrete.
•Acknowledgements: Thanks to Mr.Prashant sir and Syaam jii construction
. Private Limited for giving me training opportunity.
 INTRODUCTION

SYAAM JI CONSTRUCTION PRIVATE LIMITED:

• Overview: Syaam ji construction focused on quality based construction and
Testing . It is known for its high quality trusted construction and testing on
the construction industry.
• Importance of Quality Control: We Ensuring the highest standards quality
Construction is crucial for the durability and safety of construction projects.
Quality control helps in maintaining consistency, strength, and reliability of
any construction project.
Training Details:
• Name: Anshika Dwivedi
• Roll No.: 230070724007
• Section: C1
• Instructor and Quality Incharge: Mr.prashant
• Location: Gungua lack park Churhat Distt. Sidhi Madhyapradesh
• Duration: 30 days
Key Facts:
• IS 456:2000: This Indian Standard code provides guidelines for the design and
construction of plain and reinforced concrete structures1.
• IS 4926:2003: This code specifies the requirements for the production and
supply of ready-mixed concrete,
• Our Commitment : We Are commited to quality based construction and testing
and environmental protection, ensuring that their processes are eco-friendly and
efficient.

• Introduction to Syaam ji construction Private Limited

•Maintains compliance with Indian Standard Codes.
•Enhances customer and government satisfaction and trust.
• Overview of the Company:
• Founded: 2019
• Products: Quality based construction and testing

•
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
"I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all those who contributed to the
successful completion of this project
.
I am thankful to Quality InCharge Mr. Prashant As Per, my guide, for his
invaluable guidance, support, and encouragement throughout the project.

Additionally, I would like to thank Mr. Rajesh Jindal (Principal), Mr. KC Verma
(H.O.D. Civil Engineering), Mr. MP Singh (Project In-charge) & Lecturer, Mr.
Kuldeep Singh (Coordinator & Lecturer) who provided me.

Last but not least, I am grateful to my family and friends for their unwavering
support and motivation.

Place:- Sidhi Regards: Anshika dwivedi

Roll no: 230070724007
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that:

1. The information provided for this project is true and

accurate to the best of my/our knowledge.
2. The information and resources used for this project are
genuine and comply with the required standards.
3. The project has been executed in accordance with the
approved plans, specifications, and regulations.
4. I have complied with all applicable laws, regulations,
and guidelines related to the project.

Declared by:

Anshika dwivedi
 TRAINING OVERVIEW

• During my 25-day training at the Syaam ji construction Private Limited

located in Churhat district sidhi Madhyapradesh
• I had the opportunity to gain hands-on experience in quality testing of
concrete. Under the guidance of Mr. Prashant , the Quality Incharge,
• I learned about various quality control measures and testing procedures
essential for ensuring the strength and durability of concrete.
• The training covered key aspects such as the slump test, compressive strength
test, water-cement ratio test, and aggregate testing.
• Each test was performed according to the Indian Standard Codes, ensuring
compliance and accuracy.
• This experience not only enhanced my technical skills but also provided
valuable insights into the importance of maintaining high standards in concrete
production.
• The practical knowledge gained during this period will be instrumental in my
future career in civil engineering.
 Indian Standard Codes for Concrete
In the realm of concrete testing and quality assurance, adherence to Indian Standard
Codes is crucial. These codes provide comprehensive guidelines to ensure the
production of high-quality concrete that meets safety and performance standards.
Here is an overview of the key Indian Standard Codes relevant to the tests performed
during my training at the Syaam ji construction Private Limited:

IS 456:2000 - Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice

IS 456:2000 is a fundamental code that outlines the general structural use of plain and
reinforced concrete. It covers aspects such as the design, construction, and
maintenance of concrete structures. This code ensures that concrete structures are
designed to withstand various loads and environmental conditions, thereby ensuring
their durability and safety.

IS 4926:2003 - Code of Practice for Ready-Mixed Concrete

IS 4926:2003 specifies the requirements for the production and supply of ready-
mixed concrete. It includes guidelines on the quality of materials, production
methods, and the delivery of concrete. This code is essential for maintaining the
consistency and quality of ready-mixed concrete, which is crucial for large-scale
construction projects.

IS 1199:1959 - Methods of Sampling and Analysis of Concrete

IS 1199:1959 provides the methods for sampling and analyzing fresh concrete. It
includes procedures for conducting tests such as the slump test, which measures the
workability of concrete. This code ensures that the sampling and testing of fresh
concrete are carried out accurately to assess its quality before it hardens.

IS 516:1959 - Method of Tests for Strength of Concrete

IS 516:1959 outlines the methods for testing the strength of hardened concrete. It
includes procedures for conducting compressive strength tests, which determine the
ability of concrete to withstand loads. This code is critical for assessing the structural
integrity of concrete used in construction.

IS 10262:2019 - Guidelines for Concrete Mix Design

IS 10262:2019 provides guidelines for designing concrete mixes. It includes methods
for determining the appropriate proportions of cement, water, aggregates, and
admixtures to achieve the desired strength and durability. This code ensures that
concrete mixes are designed to meet specific performance requirements.
 INDIAN STANDARD CODE (IS CODE)

IS 2386 (Part I to VIII):1963 - Methods of Test for Aggregates for Concrete

IS 2386 is a comprehensive series of codes that cover the testing of aggregates used
in concrete. The various parts of this code include:
•Part I: Particle Size and Shape
•Part II: Estimation of Deleterious Materials and Organic Impurities
•Part III: Specific Gravity, Density, Voids, Absorption, and Bulking
•Part IV: Mechanical Properties
•Part V: Soundness
•Part VI: Measuring Mortar Making Properties of Fine Aggregate
•Part VII: Alkali Aggregate Reactivity
•Part VIII: Petrographic Examination

These codes ensure that the aggregates used in concrete are of high quality and
suitable for construction purposes.
 SUMMARY OVERVIEW

Summary of IS 2386 (Part I to VIII):1963 - Methods of Test for Aggregates for

Concrete
IS 2386 is a comprehensive series of standards that provide detailed methods for
testing aggregates used in concrete. These tests ensure that the aggregates meet the
necessary quality and performance criteria, which are crucial for the durability and
strength of concrete structures. The standard is divided into eight parts, each focusing
on different aspects of aggregate testing.

Full Explanation of IS 2386 (Part I to VIII):1963

Part I: Particle Size and Shape
• Purpose: To determine the particle size distribution and shape of aggregates.
• Tests Included: Sieve analysis, flakiness index, and elongation index.
• Importance: Ensures that aggregates have the appropriate size and shape for
optimal concrete performance. Proper particle size distribution helps in
achieving the desired workability and strength of concrete.

Part II: Estimation of Deleterious Materials and Organic Impurities

• Purpose: To identify and quantify harmful substances in aggregates.
• Tests Included: Determination of clay, silt, dust, and organic impurities.
• Importance: Ensures that aggregates do not contain materials that could
adversely affect the concrete’s strength and durability. Deleterious materials can
lead to weakening of the concrete and potential long-term damage.

Part III: Specific Gravity, Density, Voids, Absorption, and Bulking

• Purpose: To measure the physical properties of aggregates.
• Tests Included: Specific gravity, bulk density, voids, water absorption, and
bulking of fine aggregates.
• Importance: These properties influence the mix design and overall quality of
concrete. Specific gravity and density are critical for calculating the proportions
of materials in concrete mixes, while water absorption affects the water-cement
ratio.

Part IV: Mechanical Properties

• Purpose: To assess the mechanical strength of aggregates.
 • Tests Included: Aggregate crushing value, aggregate impact value, and ten
percent fines value.
• Importance: Ensures that aggregates can withstand the mechanical stresses
they will encounter in concrete. High mechanical strength of aggregates
contributes to the overall strength and durability of concrete structures.

Part V: Soundness
• Purpose: To evaluate the durability of aggregates under adverse weather
conditions.
• Tests Included: Soundness test using sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate.
• Importance: Ensures that aggregates do not degrade significantly when
exposed to cycles of wetting and drying or freezing and thawing. Sound
aggregates help in maintaining the long-term integrity of concrete structures.

Part VI: Measuring Mortar Making Properties of Fine Aggregate

• Purpose: To determine the suitability of fine aggregates for use in mortar.
• Tests Included: Mortar strength test.
• Importance: Ensures that fine aggregates contribute to the strength and
workability of mortar. Properly tested fine aggregates help in achieving the
desired properties of mortar used in masonry and plastering works.

Part VII: Alkali Aggregate Reactivity

• Purpose: To identify aggregates that may react with alkalis in cement.
• Tests Included: Chemical tests and accelerated mortar bar tests.
• Importance: Prevents potential alkali-silica reactions that can cause expansion
and cracking in concrete. Identifying reactive aggregates helps in taking
preventive measures to avoid such reactions.

Part VIII: Petrographic Examination

• Purpose: To examine the mineralogical composition and texture of aggregates.
• Tests Included: Microscopic analysis of aggregate samples.
• Importance: Provides detailed information about the aggregate’s
characteristics, which can influence its performance in concrete. Petrographic
examination helps in identifying potential issues related to the mineral
composition of aggregates.
 Tests Performed

Concrete testing is a crucial aspect of quality control in construction, ensuring that

the concrete used in structures meets the required standards for strength, durability,
and workability. During my training at the syaam ji construction private limited, I
performed several key tests based on Indian Standard Codes. Here is a detailed
summary of these tests:

Slump Test
The slump test is a simple and widely used method to measure the consistency and
workability of fresh concrete. It is essential for ensuring that the concrete mix has the
right fluidity for easy placement and compaction without segregation.
• Purpose: The primary purpose of the slump test is to assess the workability of
fresh concrete. Workability refers to the ease with which concrete can be
mixed, placed, and finished without segregation or excessive bleeding.
• Procedure: The test involves filling a slump cone with fresh concrete in three
layers, each compacted with a tamping rod. The cone is then lifted vertically,
and the concrete is allowed to slump. The decrease in height of the concrete,
measured in millimeters, is recorded as the slump value.
• Results Interpretation: A high slump value indicates high workability, suitable
for structures with dense reinforcement or complex shapes. A low slump value
indicates low workability, suitable for pavements and other flat surfaces. The
ideal slump value depends on the specific requirements of the construction
project.

Compressive Strength Test

The compressive strength test is one of the most critical tests for concrete,
determining its ability to withstand loads without failing. This test is essential for
ensuring the structural integrity and safety of concrete structures.
• Purpose: The primary purpose of the compressive strength test is to measure
the maximum compressive load that concrete can withstand before failure. This
test helps in determining the concrete’s strength and suitability for various
structural applications.

• Procedure: Concrete specimens, typically cubes or cylinders, are cast and

cured for a specified period. After curing, the specimens are placed in a
compression testing machine and subjected to a gradually increasing load until
 failure. The maximum load at failure is recorded, and the compressive strength
is calculated by dividing this load by the cross-sectional area of the specimen.
• Results Interpretation: The compressive strength of concrete is expressed in
megapascals (MPa). Higher compressive strength indicates stronger concrete,
suitable for load-bearing structures. The results are compared with the specified
strength requirements to ensure compliance with design specifications.

Water-Cement Ratio Test

The water-cement ratio test is crucial for ensuring the correct proportion of water and
cement in the concrete mix. This ratio significantly affects the concrete’s strength,
durability, and workability.
• Purpose: The primary purpose of the water-cement ratio test is to ensure that
the concrete mix has the optimal amount of water for hydration and strength
development. An appropriate water-cement ratio is essential for achieving the
desired concrete properties.
• Procedure: The water-cement ratio is calculated by dividing the weight of
water by the weight of cement in the mix. This ratio is determined during the
mix design process and adjusted as needed based on the specific requirements
of the project.
• Results Interpretation: A lower water-cement ratio generally results in higher
strength and durability but may reduce workability. Conversely, a higher water-
cement ratio improves workability but can reduce strength and durability. The
ideal water-cement ratio balances these factors to meet the project’s
performance criteria.

Aggregate Testing
Aggregate testing involves a series of tests to assess the quality of fine and coarse
aggregates used in concrete. Aggregates significantly influence the concrete’s
strength, durability, and overall performance.
• Purpose: The primary purpose of aggregate testing is to ensure that the
aggregates used in concrete are of high quality and suitable for construction.
Properly tested aggregates contribute to the concrete’s strength, durability, and
workability.
• Tests Included:
• Particle Size and Shape: Sieve analysis is used to determine the particle
size distribution of aggregates. The flakiness and elongation indices
measure the shape of the particles. Proper particle size and shape ensure
good packing and reduce voids in the concrete mix.
 • Specific Gravity and Density: These tests measure the physical
properties of aggregates, including their specific gravity, bulk density, and
void content. These properties influence the mix design and the overall
quality of concrete.
• Water Absorption: This test measures the amount of water absorbed by
the aggregates, which affects the water-cement ratio and the concrete’s
strength and durability.
• Mechanical Properties: Tests such as the aggregate crushing value,
aggregate impact value, and ten percent fines value assess the mechanical
strength of aggregates. These tests ensure that the aggregates can
withstand the mechanical stresses they will encounter in concrete.
• Soundness: The soundness test evaluates the durability of aggregates
under adverse weather conditions, such as cycles of wetting and drying or
freezing and thawing. Sound aggregates help maintain the long-term
integrity of concrete structures.
• Alkali Aggregate Reactivity: This test identifies aggregates that may
react with alkalis in cement, potentially causing expansion and cracking
in concrete. Preventing alkali-silica reactions is crucial for the durability
of concrete structures.
• Petrographic Examination: This test involves the microscopic analysis
of aggregate samples to examine their mineralogical composition and
texture. It provides detailed information about the aggregate’s
characteristics, which can influence their performance in concrete.
By performing these tests, the quality and suitability of concrete and its components
can be thoroughly assessed, ensuring the production of high-quality concrete
structures. These tests are essential for maintaining the structural integrity and
longevity of concrete constructions, ultimately contributing to the safety and
reliability of the built environment.
 TEST PERFORMANCE

1. Slump cone test

2. Impact test

3. Moisture concrete and Silt content Test

4. Sieve Analysis Test

5. Bulk density - Concrete

6. Trial mixture Test

7. Compressive strength Test

8. Cube sampling Test

9. Curing tank Test

10. Sand Grading Test

11. Flakiness and Elongation Index Test

 Slump Test

Purpose: Assess the workability of concrete.

Procedure:
1. Preparation:
• Clean the slump cone and ensure it is free from any moisture or debris.
• Place the cone on a flat, non-absorbent surface.
2. Filling the Cone:
• Fill the cone with fresh concrete in three layers, each approximately one-
third of the height of the cone.
• Compact each layer with 25 strokes of a tamping rod (16 mm diameter,
600 mm long) in a uniform manner.
3. Lifting the Cone:
• After filling and compacting the third layer, strike off the excess concrete
level with the top of the cone using a trowel or tamping rod.
• Carefully lift the cone vertically upwards without any lateral or torsional
movement.
4. Measuring the Slump:
• Place the cone next to the slumped concrete.
• Measure the vertical distance between the top of the cone and the highest
point of the slumped concrete using a ruler or measuring tape.
Results Interpretation:
• High Slump (100-150 mm): Indicates high workability, suitable for structures
with dense reinforcement or complex shapes.

• Medium Slump (50-100 mm): Indicates medium workability, suitable for

general construction purposes.

• Low Slump (25-50 mm): Indicates low workability, suitable for pavements
and other flat surfaces.
• Zero Slump: Indicates very low workability, suitable for dry mixes used in
road construction.
 Compressive Strength Test
Purpose: Measure the ability of concrete to withstand loads.
Procedure:
1. Preparation:
• Cast concrete specimens (cubes or cylinders) and cure them for the
specified period (usually 28 days).
2. Testing:
• Remove the specimens from the curing environment and clean any
surface moisture.
• Place the specimen in the compression testing machine, ensuring it is
centered and aligned properly.
3. Loading:
• Apply a gradually increasing compressive load to the specimen at a
constant rate until failure.
• Record the maximum load at which the specimen fails.
Results Interpretation:
• Compressive Strength Calculation: The compressive strength is calculated by
dividing the maximum load by the cross-sectional area of the specimen.
• Strength Values: Higher compressive strength indicates stronger concrete,
suitable for load-bearing structures. The results are compared with the specified
strength requirements to ensure compliance with design specifications.
 Water-Cement Ratio Test
Purpose: Ensure proper hydration and strength.
Procedure:
1. Mix Design:
• Determine the required water-cement ratio based on the mix design
specifications.
2. Measurement:
• Measure the weight of water and cement to be used in the mix.
• Calculate the water-cement ratio by dividing the weight of water by the
weight of cement.
3. Adjustment:
Adjust the water content as needed to achieve the desired workability and strength.
Results Interpretation:
• Low Water-Cement Ratio: Generally results in higher strength and durability
but may reduce workability.
• High Water-Cement Ratio: Improves workability but can reduce strength and
durability.
• Optimal Ratio: Balances workability and strength to meet the project’s
performance criteria.
 SIEVE ANALYSIS TEST

Sieve analysis is a laboratory test used in Ready-Mix Concrete (RMC)

to determine the particle size distribution of aggregates, such as sand,
gravel, or crushed stone. Here's how sieve analysis is used in RMC:
Purpose:
To evaluate the gradation of aggregates.
To ensure aggregates meet specifications and standards.
To optimize mix design and proportions.
Procedure:
1. Take a representative sample of aggregate.
2. Pass the sample through a series of sieves with decreasing aperture
sizes.
3. Weigh the retained aggregate on each sieve.
4. Calculate the percentage of aggregate passing each sieve.
Importance:
 Ensures aggregates are within specified gradation limits.
 Affects concrete's workability, strength, and durability.
 Influences concrete's porosity, permeability, and finish.
Standards:
 ASTM C136 (Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine
and Coarse Aggregates)
 IS 2386 (Methods of Test for Aggregates for Concrete)
 Sieve Analysis Benefits:
 Optimizes aggregate proportions for better concrete performance.
 Reduces the risk of defects and failures.
 Enhances quality control and consistency.

By conducting sieve analysis, RMC producers can ensure that their

aggregates meet the required specifications, leading to better concrete
quality and performance.
 BULK DENSITY
Bulk Density of concrete is a critical parameter in Ready-Mix Concrete
(RMC) that affects the quality and performance of concrete. Here's
how bulk density is used in RMC:

Bulk Density:

 Measures the mass of concrete per unit volume (typically kg/m³ or

lb/ft³).
 Affects concrete's strength, durability, and workability.Influences
concrete's porosity, permeability, and finish.

Importance:
 Ensures proper concrete mix design and proportions.
 Affects concrete's strength and durability.
 Influences concrete's workability and finish.

Target Bulk Density:

 Typically, between 2200 kg/m³ to 2500 kg/m³ (140 lb/ft³ to 160
lb/ft³)

Test Methods: ASTM C138 (Standard Test Method for Density of

Concrete)
 IS 1199 (Methods of Sampling and Analysis of Concrete)

Bulk Density Benefits:

 Ensures consistent concrete quality.
 Optimizes concrete mix design and proportions.
 Reduces the risk of defects and failures.

By monitoring and controlling bulk density, RMC producers can

ensure that their concrete meets the required specifications, leading to
better quality and performance.
BULK DENSITY CALCULATION FOR READY-MIX
CONCRETE (RMC):

1. Weigh the empty container or bucket (W1)

2. Fill the container with RMC, compacting it in layers to prevent air
pockets
3. Weigh the container with RMC (W2)
4. Measure the volume of the container (V) in cubic meters (m³) or
liters (L)
5. Calculate the bulk density (ρ) using:
ρ = (W2 - W1) / V

Units:
- ρ = kg/m³ or g/L
- W1 and W2 = weight in kg or g

- V = volume in m³ or L
Example:
W1 = 0.5 kg (empty container)
W2 = 25 kg (container with RMC)
V = 0.025 m³ (container volume)
ρ = (25 kg - 0.5 kg) / 0.025 m³ = 2400 kg/m³
NOTE:
 Bulk density is the mass of RMC per unit volume, including air
pockets and voids.
 This calculation assumes the container is completely filled and
compacted.
 Bulk density affects the mix design, workability, and strength of
concrete.

Typical bulk density values for RMC:

 2200-2400 kg/m³ for normal-weight concrete
 1800-2000 kg/m³ for lightweight concrete
 TRIAL MIXTURE IN READY-MIX CONCRETE (RMC)
A trial mixture in Ready-Mix Concrete (RMC) is a small-scale test
batch of concrete used to evaluate its properties and performance
before producing a larger quantity. Here's how trial mixtures are used
in RMC:
Purpose:
 To assess the workability, strength, and durability of concrete.
 To fine-tune the mix design and proportions.
 To ensure compliance with specifications and standards.

 Procedure:
 1. Prepare a small batch (usually 1-2 cubic meters) of concrete.
 2. Test the fresh concrete for workability (slump, flow, etc.).
 3. Cast specimens (cylinders, cubes, etc.) for strength and
durability tests.
 4. Evaluate the test results and adjust the mix design as needed.

 Benefits:
 Ensures the concrete mix design meets the required specifications.
 Identifies potential issues before large-scale production.
 Optimizes material proportions and reduces waste.
 Enhances quality control and consistency.

 Trial Mixture Types:
 Initial trial mixture: First test batch to evaluate the mix design.
 Refinement trial mixture: Subsequent tests to fine-tune the mix
design.
 Verification trial mixture: Final test to confirm the optimized mix
design.
 By conducting trial mixtures, RMC producers can ensure that
their concrete meets the required standards and performs as
expected, reducing the risk of defects and failures in the final
product.
  TRIAL MIXTURE CALCULATION FOR READY-MIX
CONCRETE (RMC):

 1. Determine the target strength (f'c) and slump value
 2. Select the cement type, aggregate size, and admixture (if required)
 3. Calculate the cement content (C) using:
 C = (f'c / K) x (1 / (1 + (A/C) + (W/C)))
 where:
 K = constant (typically 0.15-0.20)
 A/C = aggregate-to-cement ratio
 W/C = water-to-cement ratio

 1. Calculate the aggregate content (A) using:

 A = (C x (A/C))

 1. Calculate the water content (W) using:
 W = (C x (W/C))

 1. Calculate the admixture content (if required)
 2. Calculate the total mixture weight (M) using:
 M = C + A + W + (admixture content)

 1. Calculate the mixture proportions by weight:
 Cement: C / M x 100%
 Aggregate: A / M x 100%
 Water: W / M x 100%
 Admixture: (admixture content) / M x 100%

 Example:
 Target strength (f'c) = 30 MPa
 Slump value = 100 mm
 Cement type = OPC 53 grade
 Aggregate size = 20 mm
 Admixture = none

 C = (30 / 0.15) x (1 / (1 + (2.5/1) + (0.5/1))) = 340 kg/m³
 A = (340 x 2.5) = 850 kg/m³
 W = (340 x 0.5) = 170 kg/m³
 M = 340 + 850 + 170 = 1360 kg/m³
 Mixture proportions:
 Cement: 340/1360 x 100% = 25%
 Aggregate: 850/1360 x 100% = 62.5%
 Water: 170/1360 x 100% = 12.5%

 Note:
 This calculation assumes a basic mixture design. Consult industry
standards and guidelines for specific requirements.
 Adjust the mixture proportions based on trial mixture results to
achieve the target strength and slump value.


 TRIAL MIXTURE

 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST

 Compressive strength is a crucial property in Ready-Mix Concrete
(RMC) that measures the ability of concrete to withstand
compressive loads. Here's how compressive strength is used in
RMC:

 Importance:
 Ensures concrete can support intended loads and stresses.
 Affects concrete's durability and resistance to degradation.
 Influences concrete's workability, finish, and appearance.

 Testing:
 Cylinder compressive strength test (ASTM C39 or IS 516)
 Cube compressive strength test (ASTM C109 or IS 516)

 Target Compressive Strength:

 Depends on the specific application and structural requirements.
 Typically ranges from 20 MPa to 100 MPa (2900 psi to 14500
psi).

 Uses:
 Building foundations, walls, and columns
 Pavements and roads
 Bridges and high-rise structures
 Dams and water retention structures
 Factors Affecting Compressive Strength:
 Cement type and content
 Aggregate type and gradation
 Water-cement ratio
 Curing conditions
 Admixtures and additives

 By monitoring and controlling compressive strength, RMC

producers can ensure their concrete meets the required
specifications and performs as expected in various applications.
 Compressive Strength Test Calculation for Ready-Mix
Concrete (RMC):

 1. Record the following:
 Specimen dimensions (length, width, height)
 Specimen weight
 Age of specimen (days)
 Load applied (kN)
 Maximum load (kN)
 2. Calculate the compressive strength (f'c) using:
 f'c = Maximum Load / Cross-sectional Area
 where:
 * Cross-sectional Area = length x width (mm²)

 Units:
 * f'c = MPa (megapascals)
 * Load = kN (kilonewtons)
 * Dimensions = mm (millimetres)
 Example:
 Specimen dimensions: 150 mm x 150 mm x 300 mm
 Specimen weight: 7.5 kg
 Age: 28 days
 Load applied: 1200 kN
 Maximum load: 1250 kN
 Cross-sectional Area = 150 mm x 150 mm = 22500 mm²
 f'c = 1250 kN / 22500 mm² = 55.56 MPa
 Note:
 * Ensure the specimen is properly cured and tested according to
industry standards (e.g., ASTM C39).
 * Calculate the average compressive strength from multiple
specimens (typically 3-6).
 * Compare the results to the target strength (f'c) and adjust the
mixture design as needed.

 Target compressive strength (f'c) values for RMC:

 * 20-25 MPa for low-strength applications
 * 25-30 MPa for general construction
 * 30-40 MPa for high-strength applications
 * 40-50 MPa for specialized applications


 DIGITAL COMPRESSIVE TESTING MACHINE

 Cube sampling in Ready-Mix Concrete (RMC) is a method of

extracting a representative sample of concrete from a batch to test
its properties. Here's an overview:

 PURPOSE OF CUBE SAMPLING

 1. To assess the compressive strength of concrete
 2. To evaluate the quality and consistency of concrete
 3. To verify compliance with design specifications

 PROCEDURE FOR CUBE SAMPLING

 1. Extract a sample of fresh concrete from the batch

 2. Fill a cube mould (usually 150mm or 6 inches) with the sample
 3. Compact the concrete using a tamper or vibrating table
 4. Finish the surface and remove the mould
 5. Cure the cube under controlled conditions (temperature,
humidity, etc.)
 6. Test the cube for compressive strength at specified ages (e.g., 7,
28 days)

 IMPORTANCE OF CUBE SAMPLING

 1. Ensures the concrete meets design strength requirements
 2. Helps identify potential issues with materials, mixing, or
placing
 3. Provides a basis for quality control and assurance
 4. Supports compliance with building codes and standards

 Best Practices for Cube Sampling:

 1. Take samples from the middle of the batch
 2. Use a representative sample size (usually 5-10% of the batch)
 3. Avoid contamination or disturbance of the sample
 4. Follow standardized testing procedures (e.g., ASTM C39)
 5. Maintain accurate records of sampling and testing

 By following proper cube sampling procedures, RMC producers

can ensure the quality and reliability of their concrete products.

 SAMPLING OF CUBES
 In the process of sampling 6 to 3 cube are filled with concrete to
be test after 7
 And 28 days
 When 4 Cube Filled
 1 crushed at 7 days
 3 crushed at 28 days
 When 6 cube filled
 3 crushed at 7 days
 3 crushed at 28 days
 The cube dimension is 150×150×150 mm
 The cube are also dipped in water



 CUBE SAMPLING

 CURING TANKS TEST IN READY-MIX CONCRETE
(RMC)
 Curing tanks are used in Ready-Mix Concrete (RMC) to cure
concrete specimens under controlled conditions, simulating the
environment they will encounter in real-world applications. Here's
how curing tanks are used in RMC:

 Purpose:
 To cure concrete specimens in a controlled environment, ensuring
consistent and reliable test results.
 To simulate the temperature, humidity, and moisture conditions
that concrete will experience in the field.

 Functions:
 Maintains a consistent temperature (usually between 20°C to
30°C) and humidity level (usually above 90%).
 Provides a water bath or misting system to keep specimens moist.
 Allows for the curing of multiple specimens at once.

 Benefits:
 Ensures consistent curing conditions, reducing variability in test
results.
 Accelerates the curing process, allowing for faster testing and
quality control.
 Simulates real-world conditions, providing more accurate
predictions of concrete performance.

 Types of Curing Tanks:

 Water bath curing tanks
 Misting curing tanks
 Fogging curing tanks
 Temperature-controlled curing tanks

 Standards:
 ASTM C511 (Standard Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist
Cabinets, and Water Baths)
 ACI 308 (Guide to Curing Concrete)

 By using curing tanks, RMC producers can ensure that their

concrete meets the required standards for strength, durability, and
performance, providing high-quality products for construction
projects.


 CURING TANK

 SAND GRADING TEST IN READY-MIX CONCRETE

(RMC)
 Grading of sand in Ready-Mix Concrete (RMC) is crucial for
ensuring the quality and performance of concrete. Here are the
key aspects of grading sand in RMC:

 Objective:
 Achieve a well-graded sand that meets the required specifications
for concrete production.

 Grading Limits:
 IS 383 (Indian Standard) or ASTM C33 (American Standard)
specify the grading limits for sand in concrete.
 Grading Zones:
 Zone I: Fine sand (0.075-0.425 mm)
 Zone II: Medium sand (0.425-2.0 mm)
 Zone III: Coarse sand (2.0-4.75 mm)

 Grading Requirements:
 Sand should be well-graded, with a smooth curve, and no gaps in
the grading.
 The fineness modulus (FM) should be between 2.3 and 3.1.
 The sand should have a low percentage of fines (passing 75μm
sieve).

 Benefits of Proper Grading:

 Improved workability and finish
 Increased strength and durability
 Reduced segregation and bleeding
 Better pumpability and placement

 RMC Plant Quality Control:
 Regularly test sand samples for grading and fineness modulus.
 Adjust sand proportions to maintain the required grading.
 Monitor and control the sand grading to ensure consistency.
 By maintaining proper grading of sand in RMC, producers can
ensure consistent quality and performance of concrete, meeting
customer requirements and industry standards.

 SAND GRADINGTEST CALCULATION IN READY-MIX

CONCRETE (RMC)

 Grading of sand calculation in Ready-Mix Concrete (RMC) is
used to determine the particle size distribution of sand, which
affects the workability, strength, and durability of concrete. Here's
a step-by-step guide to grading of sand calculation:
 Step 1: Determine the Fineness Modulus (FM)
 Calculate the fineness modulus (FM) of the sand using the
following formula:

 FM = (Cumulative % retained x 100) / (Cumulative % passing +

100)

 Step 2: Determine the Sand Grading Zones_

 Based on the FM value, determine the sand grading zone
according to the following table:

 | FM Value | Sand Grading Zone |

 | --- | --- |
 | 1.5 - 2.5 | Very Fine |
 | 2.5 - 3.5 | Fine |
 | 3.5 - 4.5 | Medium |
 | 4.5 - 5.5 | Coarse |
 | 5.5 - 6.5 | Very Coarse |

 Step 3: Calculate the Grading Index (GI)

 Calculate the grading index (GI) using the following formula:
 GI = (FM x 100) / (FM + 100)

 Step 4: Determine the Sand Grading Classification

 Based on the GI value, determine the sand grading classification
according to the following table:
 SIEVE ANALYSIS OF AGGREGATE
M. SAND
MATERIAL V.S.I IN TIME:
DATE 02/08\2024 OUT TIME:
SUPPLIER/
SOURCE Inder
LORRY NO. xxxxxxx
OBSERVATION
DATE OF TESTING
WEIGHT OF SAMPLE 584
IS SEIVE SIZE mm Weight of AGG Retained (gm) %Weight Retained Cum % WT Retained %AGE passing 100 Limit as per IS:383 (Zone-II)
4.75mm 0 0 0 100 90-100
2.3mm 70 11.98 11.98 88.02 75-100
1.18mm 170 29.1 41.08 58.92 55-90
600 mic 120 20.55 61.63 38.37 35-59
300 mic 84 14.38 76.01 23.99 8-30
150 mic 46 7.98 83.89 16.11 0-20
Pan 94 16.09 99.98
Moisture % Silt by Volume:
2.73% F.M Site by Weight
 11.98%

584−514
 Silt = 584 X 100 = 11.98%

 Silt: W1 - It is the weight of sample taken usually 600 g

 W2- It is the weight of material after passing through 75micron
Sieve and adding water until clean water comes.

 TYPES OF ROCK

 Igneous Rock
 Rock formed form the solidification and crystallization of molten
magma or lava.

 SEDIMENTARY ROCK

 Rock formed by the accumulation compaction and cementation

of sediments which can be fragments of other Rock mineral or
organic material.

 METAMORPHIC ROCK
 Rock formed from the alteration of pre- existing Rock igneous
sedimentary or other metamorphic Rock due to high pressure
temperature or chemically active fluids.

 IS CODE


 IS 2386 Part-1(Thickness Gauge),
 IS 2386 Part-1(length Gauge)
 IS 2386 Part-3 (Cylindrical Metal Measure )
 IS8142 (Penetration Resistance)
 IS 2386 Part -3 (Pycnometer)
 IS 2386 Part -1 (Sieve Shaker)
 IS 516 -1959 (Cube Moulds)
 IS 9013-1978 (Accelerated curing tank)
 IS 2386 -Part -1 (Sieve for fine Aggregate)
 Grading of sand IS-383
 IS 2386 Part-1 (Sieve for coarse aggregate)
 IS 13311Part-2 (Schmidt concrete test hammer)
 IS 516 (Digital compression testing Machine)
 IS 2386 Part-4 ( Impact Test)
 IS 1199 2018 Part-2 (Slump Test) (Workability Check)
 IS 1199 2018 Part-3 (Density)
 Conclusion and Acknowledgements
•Summary of Training Experience: During my 25-day training at the Syaam ji
Construction Private Limited, I gained valuable hands-on experience in quality testing
of concrete. I learned about various testing methods, including the slump test,
compressive strength test, water-cement ratio test, and aggregate testing. These tests
are crucial for ensuring the quality and durability of concrete used in construction.
•Key Learnings:
•The importance of adhering to Indian Standard Codes to maintain high-quality
concrete production.
•Practical skills in conducting and interpreting various concrete tests.
•Understanding the role of quality control in the overall success of construction
projects.
Acknowledgements:
•I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Mr. Prashant sir , the Quality
Incharge, for his guidance and support throughout the training period.
•A special thanks to Syaam ji construction to provide me valuable guidance,
opportunity and for their commitment to quality and excellence in concrete
production.
•Lastly, I would like to thank my instructors and peers at Manesar Polytechnic for
their continuous support and encouragement.
REPORT BY Anshika Dwivedi