| 02-11-2023 a Operational Amplitien 3 SE Pin Diagnam?: MAZEL Neotel, More alee 7 wo (> 3) fot en imenting g 2 Voltage, lay No: Connection dete bi +% Suerly (419) needed ty Output o$ SV] [5] offset Null Ci Netg (Oe 20 Ge lar (9) aha te _ Symbol hi ore a 1 2 i>" output uy 3 q an Pdeal “ Equivalent Ckt of Opsrabional Amplision ‘ 4V, Aor Open loaf asin i! Savaiting apo Mv Rin Oukput- 4 Non-invarting 07 low put 1 ole‘Choradloristics of fdeal Op ramp! NA Open loop goin, Ay nt V~ Inpat Tmpedawe [Resisire a Ring F < Ordput — Tmpedance /Aeistine, Rug O J |= Tapul offeet cunent T,,,7 0 |= Trot odfsck voltage V,,°0 A tabinite, vila voltage samy, © <%eh || - Tnfinite output cunnnt Tee | = Tnfinite Gonduidth GW oo | -Tabinite Grain- Gandudlth Product, GWP> (cain pul Gp) H (constant Jon et) |= Slew - Rate = 0 . ' | | = Zow Phone shift = Bo wise | - 2am Power ls =O | | = Gommon-mode najection ralis CMRRe o |= Power supply nejeition realion pspRa om All paraméting ane independent of tempore - |Chonaclaristics of BS Practical Op-amp: V— Ao very high, An 100,000 Vv Rig > 2M Vow high A Rout S FED 1} | - Tra, a 109A " Mina aa Vee Ver | | Output voltage monge 4-15 < V, £15 | Finite output cunrent Lew BW = Wau ® @000,000.. MK Slee Slew Rate = psy [as - CMRR * 9048 - PSRR & 30KVIV ~ Change with temp. , | | | | | ~ RX 50mW |Ran , Suply Voltage, 4 ZIGV Veer BV Mer 19 Saert : =18V M . =-18V Me OX. ~ Vee v, tput Veltose, Rang " V SVS A Meat ~ "sat $ appoxlindt. | oo, Hy,ee Oputalioval Amplifion As a Comparatane > - | t : v, Ve diffuunce ee 9 of 3 &apin eo = oo Me | | : : Me II te a WP i Y= Von BNathuts | i “> oe Rae 2 Y>o (Wry), Yety yi YSo (Mev), We Mct \] OZ -1l- 2023‘Ln tye. half cycle, WOM LMS + Mat | T, -ve half eycle, VM i ‘ Non invedling | veg ase 2uw Gnassing, Detictow - Teansfar Curves VnTrensfor Cunves—4 Une crossing detecting vie 19V in &v9 eye, aftor’exossing -AV, NS Vi Ev, e710 ‘ Lady \sv GS : 4 - Tov [av “pv >v:,¥)otha Vital shunt cts 0. a po Ve Open leep grin, ‘ | 4 ale > Vout Vo os oC: \ Au VY Ne ! ove | Vo : ? > Wt a Sor, an ideal OF AMP, A= =0 ax + yA -V,=O “M=Ve, [2 RS Pin has sara valtage| 6 his concept 15 lnowr as "Vertual Shortt Cincurt, Conupt ae = applicable only Son, idel § Of Amp - Only Son closed loop systio , not Son seen loop systers- 7 Only Sore nsgative, Sead back, systtirs (2 in ‘Ore output should * be connect)fog Caan ar ET ideal OP Amp Vout 3K 4K 8 | L = Ba Neat A 2K) yk ekn = vtlife pet fone te boop N= -2023 | Fram Ohm's lwo T, i and dpe oe %| ° i Non-tnvaiting * Amplifions ||Feum Ohe's lawg, Ht De Min Rin «= MeMn and a & vv)| Qubfor Cincai ke ! Peolation® . | g shent WT WrEr current op-Amp GF feor fier ANE and OP-Amp AE MES input ond output side Tsclation ce) iy Vin te % Can aveid Source « intial resittanea,14-11-2002 8, Whin only Vy is active , Var 7 Ring ‘ . ve ye - See Wey one: Ve Is athe oe Ring ‘5 achive Vv, +N, when only Vs, 15 A 02, Ras Mote than 1 intepende aH S00 According te Superposition thearen , Bilatural kt Vie Vat Vint Vonse Design ® cet Aa can give v= 2M, -3V, “Vr, Pigs ie “lays WM, +V,- 54 mo [aud (ey ay]A Design a cinewit fon. the B Glowing, Gransfer cue -#H Drow a ct for the following banger curve’ wv) 1 Rea - ay? RS 2 g2) hin ® let, Ry = 2KO- RETR Rion oko. aka abv 1OV, * ae 0!- (Vint 5) He Draw cht ‘5 lov‘For (ve cyek, Akh For ore eyeh ? =15 me —2-=- 6 Now bain fon invarti — St 2- Ra Roa Rin Ry Rin| =” (BE region, -yesy Egin, \e- 11-202 BV (Ue AS 904 aes Non-iavarling Dy o> inverting, For. Noa -invarting AV lnvel crossing dbebow when Vin <- 4V Vv, = -I2v For inveitting av kel entossing deticdon , whey 7 i V.= I8V | Sum of ttl it with vetting adden, Vy= - (18-12) =-6V Min 4V, | Foe -4V te BV ruglon, se output’ g voltage with inverting adden V,=~(18+ 8) 2 -36V For Ve, 2 8V, output voltage with imverting oditar, m V,= - (18V-18) = oV| + Fisv For Vag 4¥ . total uf sath Tow campenatng with, dvi fie | als 418-269 | For SB “VK VCRV , wath invatiling adi, | Y=-€ 1848) =0V | fore Vin? BY, winbh tavarting odie, v, =~ (-18-18) = 36 ase’ rt ~ 3Xor18-1 - 2023 | Capoci bine, C= ~S- : k | nes « oe oe ma ac eat | vote . da eee (-") | ae | 7 ee du. 7 a € | » dv, -- edt By integrating phe oth sides 9S dhe above. at Joe -fEa | | Vig0 > v2-| at' \ ‘f RC=4 than we have , ae viv) 7 " tors): | Fray Stone aC ee eRO=L Coporitor. Not crore « | dV | > ae | V5 | > v,=-Re oa | Th Ret=d then we bore, | .- IVs let R-100k 2 | Ye- | i C= 10 AF | | |Hes) > ties)Copaci Lance , C= a Ve > D =v, . dp. o We dt a Heo CE ae an a= oli) | | QO Minq | ia Ri \| reno : dvi | rier Ory | rar 7 Vi = ~RC at | | tf Reed then we lwre, = Vin lot R-100K at C= 10 AF we RO=L yets) o : E 1G) -5| “| OP-Amp Inbaralon Addo’ {| | a : 4 ps ayy i. % vee +, = hue re rE ide ol dt 1 | tee a ae toa ae y 3) SS " t rscompli that will compu — | robles Design an analeg the. Sollowing diffountial Equation | | yy sd ws {vit = v4 Fy ‘ (Pap? se 3 ‘ 4 wy SL 8 esa ey )vdt Ma . exo, lat, eed Relope ~ > |a% ui Cory s \- (fv at ~] — + + ReeA _ oRC: > - P iy ; SLA al05-12-2023 Basic Differwitial Amplifiers ' . Ra ‘ R when ony, €, & odtve, y= (4+ Te) E , yt oy RQ, J) ob whey only eis active | V7 7 Sexe, According te supotposition Theorem, v= Vet a a (u» mde - ee . RRL _R Ne NeR, 4 \ Vv, =e (E\*7 £2) | =m (E\-£2)> Diffowrtigh <7 |) ae | iOR-12- 2023 Int344he=4O --O w Be Fy 22 en D -@® Yin 24h og 16 ae From (1) aac -42+40 xe -% -2ar20 (4H) ee Ria Rk. Ratio, Non tavertng . 4 e1, TAL Anweiting , 20v mye IV vais ate : 24 ie iS R i '% i Need te add gain i ‘ (4-0) 7 % Frome, gy a qt Kary.12-12-2023 = a = Vos > should be O but pradicle, core rot 0 Common, Mode Fejection (cme) common mo de input (vi) rw Output CMR Ralio 1 = 20 by Cerin (28 +k) vie {Be Bethe ) y Bey SVR RS Ro J 1 RePR ie 7 td lee robles 2 V=aV EE | RERARYAR, R=STR R: R +R \ Vez 3 mat sally y Ra we £ RR, a Ri| Slow Rates | The slo rate of an OPAMP provides -Uhe, er informalieg abort how $ost it out put voltage can Change « | | i gon 24) opamp + 0 9V [as max outpul voltage change An OPAMP can conry oul, f SAe Be Vi = V sin wot | dv» Vm 20h cawt dt ORE Wa2 diag | Logonithnie Amp . Self stidy_2% -12- 2023) (| | | = | Feed back. Amplifions i Amplijiot || Saput, Vs Output, Vv, yore 1 sompling > te dhsewve. | d outpu- Voltage. ond Cwount Forward ampli fiax Goiy A -% | Feedback w u A = y VeBlock Diggnam of a Feedback Ampli Sia : Fonwond Mixer ; Amplifivx Nation aa (a) Feedback, Netwouk(A) For wand Arsplifion 5 | Sowteg, | \ | Voltage, Cuvent | SOULE, source Od put cure t- Noltage| \| | | | {| 02-01-2024 Fortw ond AmplifiorS SouTea Output | Voltage Comment lg Conant 4) Voltage Amplibtor (%) |i) Current Ampfior( = ) in) Transconductance Amplifier (%,) iv) Transnesistinee Amplifivy (4)ve ae if R>> Rs “then Vay “Sievi larly, . 1 Beet sf Rar Re He, Ke > V,=AvY; | ve Ay —- | Lc Wyltage goin, Ave 2 | | | i | | | | | | | | | | |8) Cunent Amplffer.t I + Vo WF mh v i. Mell “« -— By coR, SiertLoaly, = Re xAil; ste Me RR Ne VOR >> RE? T= AVL - te 7S § tk. OAS Ey a. vs Current Gain, As= “E,ii) Fransconductance ampli weIv) Transmesis tance. A mpl dive| Sampling Network ? : Feedback, Network, () Cwount samplin 4 .Mixou Network & Nefwonle, (@) - Shunt Mixing. (Cument Mixing) ,| i O4- 01-2024 —T ———— es aoa —— | Feedback Network 2 TH oa consists of R,L,C | et ; | Vv | Feedback, focton on Feedback Ratio , B= a |B always es in bate oti Types of Feedback Amplifiee > 12 - A i) Miltoge series Fadbode amplifior | ii) Covent sodes Frdbade omplifive | iii) Voltage, shunt Sed beck amplifion iv) Cwvent shunt fedbock, amplifior 1) Wltage series Faadbade Anglifion2 # sarnpling 3 Voltage Sampling fe Source 2 Vo ltage,, some Vs “A Mining sentes Mixing [AF Outpats Vobtege | or Hf Feed bach, | volt Mixin oltage TM ‘d Forward Amp. Grain Aye 4 Feedback fem tec fin, R= %Feedback Netwonk |v, B) iv) Cunrant shunt * He Sampling 2 Cuvedt | WHE Mixing 3 Shunt or Ponelle) Mixing “HE source 2 Cwuenk sourer 7, | de dutpul + Curent 1. HE Feedback? Ty| | Types of fedback ° | j) Positive Jedbock Used in oseillatore (&) Negative feedbacks Used far Araplifie, > Fir sale, Transfor takin oft Goin of o JSudbocl_ amplifier EEA ; Output signal Feedback, Network (8) Groin of fonwond amplifion without feedback is represeritid by A and goin with Sudbac is represenbd by, hy . . nhs ae and Age Xe a i Ree Kom Feed back voltage Whee, y . Outprt volt on Outpub current orc Fedbackcusrent, Xo pa age Xp = Input voltage or. Input cuncent Ke = Source voltage on Seunee CuventOrn Negative. Foodbock Xi MMs a ea a i RE Ky - j . in Xe 2 + Ne ~ XiAXS x, “i : i xy > Ape Nay Ap = PO a A a Sepa For positive Sadback Ay = A 1-PAA apn who, 16 known om deseabivily, TE parra ten APA eA A 4 fo. ys aR *09-0) — 2024 ——— Taput Resistance with feedbad | voltage sores Jadbock Re a MV ERY fy wie saga > MeV BAY, > Vody (t pay) > MSR (a+ Bm) i| > VabR Get By) > AE +R (tPA) » Ry =R; ( Pry)se |e _ ee =voltage. “ | = “Aye § ak, why | Ry Ri (AAy) [7 saoceasicine with, Fadl Since At BAy 24. So Ry DR: Nopvecittoul facd back i ip Pulstboce | a ‘Output? Resistance with Jadbock » . \| = . xoX ve va | “| | & OAT od v= BY = pv [vA gl | "e pv ily ] Ry “f ve By applying KVL iq te output loep : | 5 Ro -Ave-IRtV=0 PV Ge BAy)=1R, 5) | | > ve Ay t TR, Les. Re | -y | * V = IR Ay, (we i\ + ok | ee IR, -Ay BV “Et bhe | yt, py =fR—l. — Out pat Resistance with fadbode wer tout load, | Ryee = | I h. (+P Ay) Sint, R14 BAy D2, Py Re i R, tS connedled then , RR BERL | We have RoR R,BAY ‘ RR, Ry . op WR, é aa : R.! = Regt ‘2 TE Ryt Ri a mae pet RRL : ——_ ir Biv + _ R.! = Rg Ro : ~ A\ V+ PAy FR d+ BAY i i RRL = T+ Bay R +R (Le BAY "448 Ay RRL RARL+R, Pay SSSM-o1-202 an Nolet “t ols? wey? - | Hep az Topology identi Sication -V, +1,R,+VetoR 7 \* Mixing, Voltage | sexies | Voltage Series Feedback { | | LInput tquivalent cincutfZin . Mining! Tp cunt =0 1c) Step $3 out pab~ equivalent cincwit. | | | | Bq combining skp 2 ond step 3 | Rs Re * «) —& Re. vy “> Sapa and output egrivalent cincuve| Step 4% Replace. te GIT by its li ponametir mode! ts 3 Tye 2 é tA! Vg hie Ghd yz Re vy + oa E For. Re Saypt lens . % Stip 5? Open nop voltage gen Aye ie = htt XRee 3, (Rst hie’) ~ —hpRe Ret hie Step 62 Fadback Goin, p-Med SP 77 Ousensitivity, =14 pay = 1+ Meet — 4 thie 2 Ret bithpRe Reothie Goin with Feedback, Ay = fy $ 9 5 “Fe Ret hiet Wy Re= Rothe ” 4, (Rethie) 4, % I, Rad = Rothe t hyRe % a a 2 ou tol _|@ + ae ao oo fT 4 ’ x a a ae “ " ab Se a23-01-2024 A= AK + % = BX = BK, | jeop again 5 a = PA | | Bonkhawery Crifnions - PASL - Phare shift O° on 360"Htivibratons See are genwetorn. j | Free Running, ‘mu \ roof | + apo Y= Vit Ue Meat) ORE| “ra Mf Mord 2 tat togp R rs Mur RR oR - sot) aon ov, . = R, arts, ¢ oe Ry F Ri = RC ee eo) t bow i 2 RHI ‘toy RC (Se ) | We Colpitts Oscillator.The Hontley Oscillator? wth Me q | f ~ xO (Url 2M) LzL taM= bp \ pte ‘an CL Lith LLM og Fe LM 7 LM Wain Bridges RE Ke| 4-02-2024 a decade, Low Pam's Q | IE x Di clocic rer Capacitance aye oe oq : iF Loitation given, $+ he ois-GodB [ucade Lyow pom. -4odB [decade + (20 dB|decade) 100 IK. ‘VOO 1K Lode [decade 40 a0 | decade,20 dB fdtok High Porn’ pe 4o IB/ decade YP J he waeunite. bad Q20°9 Benda 5 BSS Q705 Resonant Sroq See Vis nV Bese 5 a Quali ty $action, = * 38 Rains 5.7 eR 2 o-159r g: Je R RagePale and eto! “10314 s) = nO) SESSHO, Zenos ae $05) =0 We GX Valuews Ga HAJ $= - 0-4 Poles —> SG)em 3 $= “NOE 154 Uf side ally systn sole - Qairs night -G aneer undheble 67?os arene 7® oi | Lapeer 06-02-2024 Stayton —=$——> ————— | Powon Amplifier £ bianing THE" power Far Loudspeaker @ High cowenl provide P@1 | || For anal signal * Clan A > O= 200" —Clom B > 4e<6+< 9= BO" -Clan AB —> 180°L0 2300" | ~Cbm et —* @di80°General fone Vag t TeRat O-F= 0 Ta = Vag 0K Re citer By pom Capacitor 6 _dlegetive feedbad VEZ Vee ER Vo Weng Sette T= B te red point @ ne OHAos de AG signal Gr OC we a ] equivalent _Ootpat AC treet ies = elfic | “VL inpul DE. dra fia = Yo Ne vo ve Rt Me Mee Ve® Jeg Ve TRE BR Pe = VX lem out qs LMS View i ) CE Gunn) I, (ans) tz i Vow Vee = “= x eRe _ Vu Ve wpe on BRe ' oi sl “Nne oo. xloo = 25°, —e because, o / t Fin 7 JOX- 02-104 —— L * Nia Trans fore Coupled cen As Re “9 a R R l a 1 Le 2et \\ RLV: ° Ny Ni ~ at Vec= FeRl + Ue Ret Yee = LR, + Be » Teale E(w} te = Te (@/+Re) +%ee fern. DC analysis - R/=0 oA iz Met TR_e + Vee